This informative research review discusses the most prominent papers within the economics of structural change and growth. This piece focuses on research that investigates the causes and consequences of structural change with either theoretical or calibrated models, mindfully referring to some of the most celebrated literature over the last two decades. The research review analyses literature covering the impact structural change has on an array of economic factors including convergence, per capita income and spatial development. Prefaced by an original introduction from the editors, this collection would be well suited to scholars and macro-development economists wishing to extend their knowledge of this compelling topic.

This Key Concepts pivot explores the aesthetic concept of 'imaginative contemplation.' Drawing on key literature to provide a comprehensive and systematic study of the term, the book offers a unique analysis and definition of the connotations of the term, describing its aesthetic mentality and examining the issue of imaginative contemplation versus imagination in artistic creative thinking, especially as regards the characteristics of contingent thinking in aesthetics. It focuses on drawing parallels between imaginative contemplation and aesthetic emotions, aesthetic rationality, and artistic expression as well as aesthetic form. Examining the relationship between imaginative contemplation and the aesthetic configuration, the book provides a valuable introduction to aesthetic theory in Chinese philosophy and art.

The book introduces fundamentals of 3D printing with light, photoinitiating system for 3D printing as well as resins. Plenty of applications, trends and prospects are also discussed, which make the book an essential reference for both scientists and industrial engineers in the research fields of photochemistry, polymer chemistry, rapid prototyping and photopolymerization.

This book reports on the latest advances in concepts and further development of principal component analysis (PCA), discussing in detail a number of open problems related to dimensional reduction techniques and their extensions. It brings together research findings, previously scattered throughout many scientific journal papers worldwide, and presents them in a methodologically unified form. Offering vital insights into the subject matter in self-contained chapters that balance the theory and concrete applications, and focusing on open problems, it is essential reading for all researchers and practitioners with an interest in PCA

This book explores the recent developments, perspectives on future research, and pertinent data from academia, industry, and government research laboratory to discuss fundamental mechanisms as well as processing and applications of advanced metallic and ceramic thin film and coating materials for energy and environmental applications. It is a platform to disseminate the latest research progress related to processing, characterization, and modelling. The authors address both thermal barrier and environmental coatings; magnetic and thermoelectric materials; and solar cell and solid oxide fuel cell materials. It is appropriate supplementary reading for students and primary reading for researchers in materials science and engineering.

This book reports on the latest advances in concepts and further development of principal component analysis (PCA), discussing in detail a number of open problems related to dimensional reduction techniques and their extensions. It brings together research findings, previously scattered throughout many scientific journal papers worldwide, and presents them in a methodologically unified form. Offering vital insights into the subject matter in self-contained chapters that balance the theory and concrete applications, and focusing on open problems, it is essential reading for all researchers and practitioners with an interest in PCA

"An essential source for the study of events in early China, a guide to the moral philosophy of the gentlemen of Han, and a splendid work of literature which may be read for the pleasure of its style and the power of its narrative. . . . This work makes Shi ji and its scholarship accessible to any reader of English, and it is a model for any work in this field and style." -Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies "Through such work as this, the scholarly and literary community of the West will learn more of the splendor and romance of early China, and may better appreciate the lessons in humanity presented by its great historian." -Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies "Nienhauser's new translation is scrupulously scholarly . . . the design of this series is nearly flawless . . . the translation itself is very precise." -Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews This project will result in the first complete translation (in nine volumes) of the Shih chi (The Grand Scribe's Records), one of the most important narratives in traditional China. Ssu-ma Ch'ien (145-ca. 86 BC), who compiled the work, is known as the Herodotus of China.

This book investigates in detail some new spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) structures and their applications to antenna. It introduces the working principle and radiation characteristics of directional antenna, omnidirectional antenna, reconfigurable antenna and phase-mode antenna based on SSPPs structure. Especially, the irregular SSPPs structure, such as T-shaped and m-shaped SSPPs structures, is introduced to low-profile end-fire antenna with vertical polarization; the rotated SSPPs structure is applied to CP end-fire antenna and omnidirectional antenna; PIN circuit combining with SSPPs structure is used to pattern reconfigurable antenna; the novel phase-mode SSPPs antennas with multi-modes are performed too. This book proposes a continuous method to develop the potentialities of the SSPPs antenna. And the readers can study the method or ideas of the SSPPs antenna, even graft the methods to other SSPPs antenna. The book is intended for undergraduate and graduate students who are interested in SSPPs antenna technology, researchers investigating high-performance antenna, and antenna design engineers working on multi-function antenna applications.

This Key Concepts pivot explores the aesthetic concept of 'imaginative contemplation.' Drawing on key literature to provide a comprehensive and systematic study of the term, the book offers a unique analysis and definition of the connotations of the term, describing its aesthetic mentality and examining the issue of imaginative contemplation versus imagination in artistic creative thinking, especially as regards the characteristics of contingent thinking in aesthetics. It focuses on drawing parallels between imaginative contemplation and aesthetic emotions, aesthetic rationality, and artistic expression as well as aesthetic form. Examining the relationship between imaginative contemplation and the aesthetic configuration, the book provides a valuable introduction to aesthetic theory in Chinese philosophy and art.

This book investigates in detail some new spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) structures and their applications to antenna. It introduces the working principle and radiation characteristics of directional antenna, omnidirectional antenna, reconfigurable antenna and phase-mode antenna based on SSPPs structure. Especially, the irregular SSPPs structure, such as T-shaped and m-shaped SSPPs structures, is introduced to low-profile end-fire antenna with vertical polarization; the rotated SSPPs structure is applied to CP end-fire antenna and omnidirectional antenna; PIN circuit combining with SSPPs structure is used to pattern reconfigurable antenna; the novel phase-mode SSPPs antennas with multi-modes are performed too. This book proposes a continuous method to develop the potentialities of the SSPPs antenna. And the readers can study the method or ideas of the SSPPs antenna, even graft the methods to other SSPPs antenna. The book is intended for undergraduate and graduate students who are interested in SSPPs antenna technology, researchers investigating high-performance antenna, and antenna design engineers working on multi-function antenna applications.

Multiscale Modeling of Additively Manufactured Metals: Application to Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process provides comprehensive coverage on the latest methodology in additive manufacturing (AM) modeling and simulation. Although there are extensive advances within the AM field, challenges to predictive theoretical and computational approaches still hinder the widespread adoption of AM. The book reviews metal additive materials and processes and discusses multiscale/multiphysics modeling strategies. In addition, coverage of modeling and simulation of AM process in order to understand the process-structure-property relationship is reviewed, along with the modeling of morphology evolution, phase transformation, and defect formation in AM parts. Residual stress, distortion, plasticity/damage in AM parts are also considered, with scales associated with the spatial, temporal and/or material domains reviewed. This book is useful for graduate students, engineers and professionals working on AM materials, equipment, process, development and modeling.

Additive Manufacturing: Materials, Processes, Quantifications and Applications is designed to explain the engineering aspects and physical principles of available AM technologies and their most relevant applications. It begins with a review of the recent developments in this technology and then progresses to a discussion of the criteria needed to successfully select an AM technology for the embodiment of a particular design, discussing material compatibility, interfaces issues and strength requirements. The book concludes with a review of the applications in various industries, including bio, energy, aerospace and electronics. This book will be a must read for those interested in a practical, comprehensive introduction to additive manufacturing, an area with tremendous potential for producing high-value, complex, individually customized parts. As 3D printing technology advances, both in hardware and software, together with reduced materials cost and complexity of creating 3D printed items, these applications are quickly expanding into the mass market.

The introduction of Quantum Theory (QT) provides a unified mathematical framework for Information Retrieval (IR). Compared with the classical IR framework, the quantum-inspired IR framework is based on user-centered modeling methods to model non-classical cognitive phenomena in human relevance judgment in the IR process. With the increase of data and computing resources, neural IR methods have been applied to the text matching and understanding task of IR. Neural networks have a strong learning ability of effective representation and generalization of matching patterns from raw data. This monograph provides a systematic introduction to quantum-inspired neural IR, including quantum-inspired neural language representation, matching and understanding. The cross-field research on QT, neural network and IR is not only helpful to non-classical phenomena modeling in IR but also to break the theoretical bottleneck of neural networks and design more transparent neural IR models. The authors first introduce the language representation method based on QT. Secondly, they introduce the quantum-inspired text matching and decision making model under neural network that shows its theoretical advantages in document ranking, relevance matching, multimodal IR, and can be integrated with neural network to jointly promote the development of IR. Finally, the latest progress of quantum language understanding is introduced and further topics on QT and language modeling provide readers with more materials for thinking.

This research explored and examined how web-based distance education (WBDE) influenced adult learners then to learn about challenges and potential barriers of WBDE programs. Many studies have done on traditional distance education, but little research has done on WBDE for adult learners. WBDE has the goal to provide socio-technical innovations for E-learning practices, regarding individuals and organizations, independence of time, place and pace. These discussions and conclusions in this research explored the adult learner's perspectives and practices on WBDE; the barriers and challenges of WBDE were investigated, the recommendation were given; adult learners' suggestion and expectation on WBDE were concluded. In this research, a new term E-andragogy is created and defined. E-andragogy is a field of education that focuses on the adult online learners' technology, pedagogy, andragogy, epistemology, and instructional systems design that aim to deliver education to adult learners who are not physically on site. E-andragogy involves the use of a computer and internet in some ways to provide educational learning environment and material.

The field activated sintering technique (FAST) is a powder consolidation process via the application of pulsed current and pressure. Compared with conventional hot pressing and hot isostatic pressing, FAST has demonstrated a rapid densification process that has the potential to minimize grain growth, which is crucial to achieving excellent physical properties. This work covers the physical phenomena, multi-scale analytical and numerical models, experimental studies, and application of FAST processing. Specifically, a coupled thermal-electric-densification framework for the design and optimization of FAST type processing has been proposed and implemented into a finite element package. A discrete finite element method is also developed to determine the effective thermal conductivity in a particulate system with realistic microstructure. Moreover, FAST simulation of a hip joint replacement is demonstrated.

Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) or field activated sintering technique (FAST) is an unconventional and novel powder consolidation process via simultaneous application of special pulsed current and mechanical pressure. SPS or FAST has demonstrated its benefits as a rapid processing avenue, with application to the largest variety of materials - ceramics, metals, polymers, semiconductors - and which results in enhanced final properties. This work covers the physical phenomena, multi-scale analytical and numerical models, experimental studies, and application of FAST processing. Specifically, a coupled thermal-electric-densification framework for the design and optimization of FAST type processing has been proposed and implemented into a finite element package. A discrete finite element method is also developed to determine the effective thermal conductivity in a particulate system with realistic microstructure. Finally, FAST simulation of a hip joint replacement has been conducted.

This is a full-text English translation of Jin Gui Yao Lue, a classic book of traditional Chinese medicine. It is the oldest clinical book dedicated to internal, external, gynecological and obstetrical diseases. It is also the first medical book on differential diagnosis of diseases and symptoms, along with treatment and prescriptions.This book was originally written by Zhang Zhongjing (Zhang Ji) (150-219 CE), an eminent Chinese physician in the Eastern Han dynasty. The book consists of 25 chapters. The first chapter serves as an introduction. Chapters 2-22 discuss the diagnosis and treatment of sixty diseases, involving internal medicine, external medicine, and gynecology & obstetrics. Chapter 23 discusses emergency treatments. Chapters 24 and 25 discuss food contraindications (fowls, beasts, fruits, vegetables and grains) and treatment. The text can serve as a reference for education, research and clinical practice.