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Structural concrete designers nowadays distinguish between
B-regions (named after Bernoulli beam theory) and D-regions (D
standing for 'disturbed'). They are all familiar with B-regions,
but less acquainted with the expertise required for D-regions. To
design D-regions, the Strut-and-Tie Model (STM) is usually applied,
a model laid down worldwide in structural codes of practice. The
Stringer-Panel Model (SPM) recommended here is a companion method
to the STM, with the advantage of being suitable for different load
cases and reversed loading. This being so, the SPM is suitable for
linear-elastic analyses where durability is a key consideration,
but also suits structural design for contexts of cyclical seismic
activity. Finally, this book sets out how structural engineers who
prefer the STM can nevertheless apply the SPM to determine a proper
strut-and-tie model.
The mathematical description of the properties of a shell is much
more elaborate than those of beam and plate structures. Therefore
many engineers and architects are unacquainted with aspects of
shell behaviour and design, and are not familiar with sufficiently
reliable shell theories for the different shell types as derived in
the middle of the 20th century. Rather than contributing to theory
development, this university textbook focuses on architectural and
civil engineering schools. Of course, practising professionals will
profit from it as well. The book deals with thin elastic shells, in
particular with cylindrical, conical and spherical types, and with
elliptic and hyperbolic paraboloids. The focus is on roofs,
chimneys, pressure vessels and storage tanks. Special attention is
paid to edge bending disturbance zones, which is indispensable
knowledge in FE meshing. A substantial part of the book results
from research efforts in the mid 20th century at Delft University
of Technology. As such, it is a valuable addition to the body of
shell research literature of continuing importance. This work can
be used for university courses. It also shows professionals how to
perform manual calculations of the main force flow in shell
structures, and provides guidance for structural engineers
estimating stresses and deformations.
The mathematical description of the properties of a shell is much
more elaborate than those of beam and plate structures. Therefore
many engineers and architects are unacquainted with aspects of
shell behaviour and design, and are not familiar with sufficiently
reliable shell theories for the different shell types as derived in
the middle of the 20th century. Rather than contributing to theory
development, this university textbook focuses on architectural and
civil engineering schools. Of course, practising professionals will
profit from it as well. The book deals with thin elastic shells, in
particular with cylindrical, conical and spherical types, and with
elliptic and hyperbolic paraboloids. The focus is on roofs,
chimneys, pressure vessels and storage tanks. Special attention is
paid to edge bending disturbance zones, which is indispensable
knowledge in FE meshing. A substantial part of the book results
from research efforts in the mid 20th century at Delft University
of Technology. As such, it is a valuable addition to the body of
shell research literature of continuing importance. This work can
be used for university courses. It also shows professionals how to
perform manual calculations of the main force flow in shell
structures, and provides guidance for structural engineers
estimating stresses and deformations.
The Finite Element Method, shortly FEM, is a widely used
computational tool in structural engineering. For basic design
purposes it usually suf ces to apply a linear-elastic analysis.
Only for special structures and for forensic investigations the
analyst need to apply more advanced features like plasticity and
cracking to account for material nonlinearities, or nonlinear
relations between strains and displacements for geometrical
nonlinearity to account for buckling. Advanced analysis techniques
may also be necessary if we have to judge the remaining structural
capacity of aging structures. In this book we will abstain from
such special cases and focus on everyday jobs. Our goal is the
worldwide everyday use of linear-elastic analysis, and dimensioning
on basis of these elastic computations. We cover steel and concrete
structures, though attention to structural concrete prevails.
Structural engineers have access to powerful FEM packages and apply
them intensively. Experience makes clear that often they do not
understand the software that they are using. This book aims to be a
bridge between the software world and structural engineering. Many
problems are related to the correct input data and the proper
interpretation and handling of output. The book is neither a text
on the Finite Element Method, nor a user manual for the software
packages. Rather it aims to be a guide to understanding and
handling the results gained by such software. We purposely restrict
ourselves to structure types which frequently occur in practise.
The Finite Element Method, shortly FEM, is a widely used
computational tool in structural engineering. For basic design
purposes it usually suf ces to apply a linear-elastic analysis.
Only for special structures and for forensic investigations the
analyst need to apply more advanced features like plasticity and
cracking to account for material nonlinearities, or nonlinear
relations between strains and displacements for geometrical
nonlinearity to account for buckling. Advanced analysis techniques
may also be necessary if we have to judge the remaining structural
capacity of aging structures. In this book we will abstain from
such special cases and focus on everyday jobs. Our goal is the
worldwide everyday use of linear-elastic analysis, and dimensioning
on basis of these elastic computations. We cover steel and concrete
structures, though attention to structural concrete prevails.
Structural engineers have access to powerful FEM packages and apply
them intensively. Experience makes clear that often they do not
understand the software that they are using. This book aims to be a
bridge between the software world and structural engineering. Many
problems are related to the correct input data and the proper
interpretation and handling of output. The book is neither a text
on the Finite Element Method, nor a user manual for the software
packages. Rather it aims to be a guide to understanding and
handling the results gained by such software. We purposely restrict
ourselves to structure types which frequently occur in practise.
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