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The 15th European Conference on Mathematics for Industry was held
in the agreeable surroundings of University College London, just 5
minutes walk from the British Museum in the heart of London, over
the ?ve warm, sunny days from 30 June to 4 July 2008. Participants
from all over the world met with the commonaimofreinforcingthe
roleofmathematics asanoverarching resource for industry and
business. The conference attracted over 300 participants from 30
countries, most of them participating with either a contributed
talk, a minisymposium pres- tation or a plenary lecture.
'Mathematics in Industry' was interpreted in its widest sense as
can be seen from the range of applications and techniques described
in this volume. We mention just two examples. The Alan Tayler
Lecture was given by Mario Primicerio on a problem arising from
moving oil through pipelines when temperature variations a?ect the
shearing properties of wax and thus modify the ?ow. The Wacker
Prize winner, Master's student Lauri Harhanen from the Helsinki
University of Technology, showed how a novel piece of mathematics
allowed new software to capture real-time images of teeth from the
data supplied by present day dental machinery (see ECMI Newsletter
44). The meeting was attended by leading ?gures from government,
bu- ness and science who all shared the same aim - to promote the
application of innovative mathematics to industry, and identify
industrial sectors that o?er the most exciting opportunities for
mathematicians to provide new insight and new ideas.
"Invisible in the Storm" is the first book to recount the
history, personalities, and ideas behind one of the greatest
scientific successes of modern times--the use of mathematics in
weather prediction. Although humans have tried to forecast weather
for millennia, mathematical principles were used in meteorology
only after the turn of the twentieth century. From the first
proposal for using mathematics to predict weather, to the
supercomputers that now process meteorological information gathered
from satellites and weather stations, Ian Roulstone and John
Norbury narrate the groundbreaking evolution of modern
forecasting.
The authors begin with Vilhelm Bjerknes, a Norwegian physicist
and meteorologist who in 1904 came up with a method now known as
numerical weather prediction. Although his proposed calculations
could not be implemented without computers, his early attempts,
along with those of Lewis Fry Richardson, marked a turning point in
atmospheric science. Roulstone and Norbury describe the discovery
of chaos theory's butterfly effect, in which tiny variations in
initial conditions produce large variations in the long-term
behavior of a system--dashing the hopes of perfect predictability
for weather patterns. They explore how weather forecasters today
formulate their ideas through state-of-the-art mathematics, taking
into account limitations to predictability. Millions of
variables--known, unknown, and approximate--as well as billions of
calculations, are involved in every forecast, producing informative
and fascinating modern computer simulations of the Earth
system.
Accessible and timely, "Invisible in the Storm" explains the
crucial role of mathematics in understanding the ever-changing
weather.
The complex flows in the atmosphere and oceans are believed to be accurately modelled by the Navier-Stokes equations of fluid mechanics together with classical thermodynamics. However, due to the enormous complexity of these equations, meteorologists and oceanographers have constructed approximate models of the dominant, large-scale flows that control the evolution of weather systems. The simplifications often result in models that are amenable to solution both analytically and numerically. This volume and its companion explain why such simplifications to Newton's second law produce accurate, useful models and, just as the meteorologist seeks patterns in the weather, mathematicians seek structure in the governing equations. They show how geometry and analysis facilitate solution strategies.
The complex flows in the atmosphere and oceans are believed to be accurately modeled by the Navier-Stokes equations of fluid mechanics together with classical thermodynamics. However, due to the enormous complexity of these equations, meteorologists and oceanographers have constructed approximate models of the dominant, large-scale flows that control the evolution of weather systems and that describe, for example, the dynamics of cyclones and ocean eddies. The simplifications often result in models that are amenable to solution both analytically and numerically. The volume examines and explains why such simplifications to Newton's second law produce accurate, useful models and, just as the meteorologist seeks patterns in the weather, mathematicians seek structure in the governing equations, such as groups of transformations, Hamiltonian structure and stability.
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