Cities, scripts, literature, the rule of law - all were born in Iraq. That so many see this ancient land as nothing more than a violent backwater steeped in chaos is a travesty. This is the place where, for the first 5,000 years of human history, all innovations of worth emerged. It was the cradle of civilization. In this unrivalled study, John Robertson details the greatness and grandeur of Iraq's achievements, the brutality and magnificence of its ancient empires and its extraordinary contributions to the world. The only work in the English language to explore the history of the land of two rivers in its entirety, it takes readers from the seminal advances of its Neolithic inhabitants to the aftermath of the American and British-led invasion, the rise of Islamic State and Iraq today. A fascinating and thought-provoking analysis, it is sure to be greatly appreciated by historians, students and all those with an interest in this diverse and enigmatic country. This paperback edition features a new epilogue, bringing the work up to date and looking ahead to Iraq's future.

When Istvan Hont died in 2013, the world lost a giant of intellectual history. A leader of the Cambridge School of Political Thought, Hont argued passionately for a global-historical approach to political ideas. To better understand the development of liberalism, he looked not only to the works of great thinkers but also to their reception and use amid revolution and interstate competition. His innovative program of study culminated in the landmark 2005 book Jealousy of Trade, which explores the birth of economic nationalism and other social effects of expanding eighteenth-century markets. Markets, Morals, Politics brings together a celebrated cast of Hont's contemporaries to assess his influence, ideas, and methods. Richard Tuck, John Pocock, John Dunn, Raymond Geuss, Gareth Stedman Jones, Michael Sonenscher, John Robertson, Keith Tribe, Pasquale Pasquino, and Peter N. Miller contribute original essays on themes Hont treated with penetrating insight: the politics of commerce, debt, and luxury; the morality of markets; and economic limits on state power. The authors delve into questions about the relationship between states and markets, politics and economics, through examinations of key Enlightenment and pre-Enlightenment figures in context-Hobbes, Rousseau, Spinoza, and many others. The contributors also add depth to Hont's lifelong, if sometimes veiled, engagement with Marx. The result is a work of interpretation that does justice to Hont's influence while developing its own provocative and illuminating arguments. Markets, Morals, Politics will be a valuable companion to readers of Hont and anyone concerned with political economy and the history of ideas.

John 'Robbo' Robertson is a Hearts legend and the club's all-time record goalscorer in the league. He has a remarkable tally of 311 goals in 712 appearances for Heart of Midlothian FC. Capped 16 times for Scotland, Robbo is Hearts' most successful striker in the modern era. His uncanny knack of being in the right place at the right time and his sublime finishing touch have made him a footballing icon. Now Robbo tells his own story in his own words. He recalls how football became his passion as a youngster, how he got his big break and why he didn't sign for Hibs - a particular sore point for Hearts' arch-rivals every time the 'Hammer of Hibs' scored one of his record 27 goals in an Edinburgh derby. Robbo's recollections include brilliant insider stories about Brian Clough and Wallace Mercer, plus the heartbreak of losing the league in the season's closing minutes. He talks, too, about his family and how his life changed forever when he lost his father to cancer at the age of just fourteen. John Robertson's life is an extraordinary one. His journey takes him from the parks and streets of Scotland's capital to the history books as one of the greatest players ever to pull on the Jambos' famous maroon jersey. ROBBO is a must-read for anyone who loves Hearts and loves football.

On October 3, 1990 the future of both Europe and Germany became powerfully and inexorably intertwined across a politically broadened continent powering transformative social, political and economic interactions. The thirty year mark after the then reigning chancellor Helmut Kohl promised 'flourishing landscapes' in the former GDR is more than just a new anniversary from which mandatory reflections must follow. Arguably, it represents a temporal boundary between the adjustments and reactions conditioned and captivated by a sense of something new and uncertain, and that point moving forward from which unification's legacy inescapably tethers Germany's future to normal politics shaped by the issues of the moment, and not politics gripped by the debates of unification itself. That legacy is defined by an accumulation over thirty years of adjustments, mutations, counter-adjustments and strategic reactions which have now delivered through the many ripples of change a Germany managing the course-trajectory which unification has relentlessly plotted. The foreseeable future will certainly see that legacy of unification tenaciously continue to project yet shrouded within the background of Germany's routine politics. This volume explores that legacy within the post-unification era and reflects on the way forward into a near-term German future no longer consumed with unification itself but with the reality of politics it has steadily defined.

A foundational moment in the history of modern European thought, the Enlightenment continues to be a reference point for philosophers, scholars and opinion-formers. To many it remains the inspiration of our commitments to the betterment of the human condition. To others, it represents the elevation of one set of European values to the world, many of whose peoples have quite different values. But what is the relationship between the historical Enlightenment and the idea of 'Enlightenment', and can these two understandings be reconciled? In this Very Short Introduction, John Robertson offers a concise historical introduction to the Enlightenment as an intellectual movement of eighteenth-century Europe. Discussing its intellectual achievements, he also explores how its supporters exploited new ways of communicating their ideas to a wider public, creating a new 'public sphere' for critical discussion of the moral, economic and political issues facing their societies. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.

A collection of essays dealing with the history of the Scottish Enlightenment, its connection with the European Enlightenment in general, such major figures as Francis Hutcheson, Thomas Reid, and David Hume, and the making of theScottish identity. A collection of ten specially commissioned essays addressing five themes central to any study of the Scottish Enlightenment: one, the place [both physical and cognitive] of science and medicine in the Scottish Enlightenment; two,the institutionalization of enlightenment in the universities; three, the cultivation of the different branches of "the science of man" in the Scottish Enlightenment; four, the national and international contexts of enlightenmentthought in Scotland; and five, the historiography of the Scottish Enlightenment. Taking up these themes, the editor and contributors explore facets of enlightened culture in Scotland which have not been given their due in the literature, and reassess current interpretations of various aspects of the Scottish Enlightenment specifically and its relation to the European Enlightenment in general. Special emphasis is given to such major Scottish thinkersas Francis Hutcheson, George Campbell, Thomas Reid, and David Hume.

The world is becoming a busy noisy place and it is good to find a pastime that creates a different space, another dimension. Our paintings mean a lot to us because they remind us of lovely places we have visited and enable us to remember them in detail. It takes time to study the colours and contours of a scene. It may be that the drawing is an inadequate representation of the three dimensional scene spread out before us, how can it be anything else, but the process of trying to represent it on the two dimensions of the blank page is intellectually rewarding. The emerging picture is not just about the scene before you but also about your response to it at the time.

Ecology and economics share a common root: the Greek word oikos, meaning a house. Ecology is the way the natural world manages its house. Economics is the way society manages its house. The contentions of this book are that the natural world is the best guide to our economic activities, that supply and demand are insufficient determinants, that profit and loss are not alternatives, that wealth cannot be created but can be lost. Ecological economics is a term that has been coined to encapsulate these ideas. We can stop throwing away food before and after it gets to the table. We can learn to deal with our pollution. We can stop wasting our resources. We must look again at our priorities. We're in a race against time. Perhaps there's not time enough, but it's in everyone's interest to try. If we keep our activities on a human scale, maybe the passengers can regain control of the runaway train.