This publication provides fundamental principles and guidance for providing bulk petroleum and water in support of US military operations. This publication has been prepared under the direction of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. It sets forth doctrine to govern the joint activities and performance of the Armed Forces of the United States in joint operations and provides the doctrinal basis for interagency coordination and for US military involvement in multinational operations. It provides military guidance for the exercise of authority by combatant commanders and other joint force commanders (JFCs) and prescribes joint doctrine for operations, education, and training. It provides military guidance for use by the Armed Forces in preparing their appropriate plans. It is not the intent of this publication to restrict the authority of the JFC from organizing the force and executing the mission in a manner the JFC deems most appropriate to ensure unity of effort in the accomplishment of the overall objective. Doctrine and guidance established in this publication apply to the commanders of combatant commands, subunified commands, joint task forces, and subordinate components of these commands. These principles and guidance also may apply when significant forces of one Service are attached to forces of another Service or when significant forces of one Service support forces of another Service. The guidance in this publication is authoritative; as such, this doctrine will be followed except when, in the judgment of the commander, exceptional circumstances dictate otherwise. If conflicts arise between the contents of this publication and the contents of Service publications, this publication will take precedence for the activities of joint forces unless the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, normally in coordination with the other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, has provided more current and specific guidance. Commanders of forces operating as part of a multinational (alliance or coalition) military command should follow multinational doctrine and procedures ratified by the United States. For doctrine and procedures not ratified by the United States, commanders should evaluate and follow the multinational command's doctrine and procedures, where applicable and consistent with US law, regulations, and doctrine.

The term "quarters" is described in old military regulations as buildings assigned to house military personnel. Our family has been fortunate to enjoy some of the oldest and finest quarters on military posts across the United States. With each move, we have found neighbors, surroundings, and history to amplify the experience and help transform our assigned quarters from a building to a family home. This is certainly true here at Quarters Six on Grant Avenue at Fort Myer. Quarters Six at Joint Base Myer-Henderson Hall, the official residence of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, sits atop Arlington Heights overlooking Washington, DC. When completed in December 1908, the original structure was designed as a duplex housing the families of two lieutenants. As time passed, particularly during expansion of the Army in World War II, the quarters and other homes along Grant Avenue were occupied by increasingly senior officers and eventually became known as "Generals' Row." Regretfully, many of the early administrative records for Fort Myer were consumed in celebratory bonfires following the Allied victories over Germany and Japan in 1945. Although this destroyed much of our knowledge of those who lived in Quarters Six prior to that date, evidence suggests that Major George S. Patton, Jr., lived there from 1921 to 1923, while commanding a squadron of the famous 3rd Cavalry Regiment. Other notable residents following World War II include Major General Ira C. Eaker, who lived there from 1945 to 1947, while serving as deputy commander of the Army Air Forces and chief of the Air Staff, and Lieutenant General George H. Decker, who lived there from 1950 to 1955, while serving as Comptroller of the Army. Five years later, Decker became the Army Chief of Staff and occupied Quarters One, situated at the head of Grant Avenue. When established as the home of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in 1962, Quarters Six was reconfigured as a one-family residence consisting of 34 rooms. General and Mrs. Lyman Lemnitzer were the first to occupy the remodeled quarters, and since then all but one of the Chairmen have lived there. For over one hundred years-in times of peace and war-the residents of Quarters Six have played a leading role not only in the military but also in national life. To recognize their significance, Quarters Six and the other dwellings along Grant Avenue were designated a National Historic District in 1972. Throughout this stately home, occupants and visitors are reminded of the unique heritage and tradition of this special place. Upon entering the foyer, the visitor sees a residency plaque accompanied by a companion image of each former Chairman. We feel a special affinity for General Lyman Lemnitzer, the 4th Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the first to occupy these quarters. This year, we celebrate the 50th anniversary of 110 Grant Avenue as the home of the Chairman. Shaded by handsome trees, the grounds and unmatched vistas of Washington from these hills above the Potomac are a beautiful setting year round. A newspaper account from July 12, 1888, describes a residence that once stood here. "It would be impossible to imagine a more delightful home than on this high plateau commanding on every side views that are magnificent in their scope." We have been assisted by many knowledgeable people as we have made Quarters Six the Dempsey home. I want to especially recognize and thank Debbie Biscone, who was a huge help in decorating the quarters. We also appreciate the dedication of the Joint Staff historians and are especially grateful to former occupants for taking the time to share their memories. With this edition, we acknowledge this home's unique status as a national and institutional landmark, and more significantly, we remember the families who have lived here over the past half century-it is their legacy we celebrate.

This publication provides joint doctrine and information for the planning, preparation, and execution of legal support to joint military operations. This publication has been prepared under the direction of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and has been reviewed favorably by the General Counsel of the Department of Defense as the Chief Legal Officer of the Department. It sets forth joint doctrine to guide the activities and performance of the Armed Forces of the United States in operations and provides the doctrinal basis for interagency coordination and for US military involvement in multinational operations. It provides military guidance for the exercise of authority by combatant commanders and other joint force commanders (JFCs) and prescribes joint doctrine for operations and training. It provides military guidance for use by the Armed Forces in preparing their appropriate plans. This publication is not intended to restrict the authority of the JFC in organizing the force and executing the mission in a manner the JFC deems most appropriate to ensure unity of effort in the accomplishment of the overall objective. Joint doctrine established in this publication applies to the comm anders of combatant commands, subunified commands, joint task forces, subordinate components of these commands, and the Services. The guidance in this publication is authoritative; as such, this doctrine will be followed except when, in the judgment of the commander, exceptional circumstances dictate otherwise. If conflicts arise between the contents of this publication and the contents of Service publications, this publication will take precedence unless the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, normally in coordination with the other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, has provided more current and specific guidance. Commanders of forces operating as part of a multinational (alliance or coalition) military command should follow multinational doctrine and procedures approved by the United States. For doctrine and procedures not approved by the United States, commanders should evaluate and follow the multinational command's doctrine and procedures, where applicable and consistent with US law, regulations, and doctrine.

This publication, "Joint and National Intelligence Support to Military Operations (Joint Publication 2-01)," provides doctrine for joint and national intelligence products, services, and support to joint military operations. It describes the organization of joint intelligence forces and the national intelligence community, intelligence responsibilities, command relationships, and national intelligence support mechanisms. It provides information regarding the fundamentals of intelligence planning, execution, dissemination, and assessment and discusses how intelligence supports the full range of joint and multinational operations. Joint intelligence is produced by joint and Service intelligence organizations and relies heavily on timely and integrated intelligence afforded by national intelligence agencies. This join t intelligence effort facilitates dominance in the information environment, which permits successful conduct of operation s (i.e., information superiority). In order to accomplish this, intelligence must provide the joint force commander (JFC) with as timely, complete, and accurate understanding as possible of the operational environment, particularly with regard to the adversary's forces, capabilities, and intentions. Intelligence staffs must anticipate and fully understand the intelligence requirements (IRs) of their superior and subordinate commands and components, identify intelligence capabilities and shortfalls, access theater and/o r national systems to alleviate shortfalls, and ensure that timely and appropriate intelligence is provided or available to the JFC and subordinate commands and components. Commanders use intelligence to anticipate the battle, visualize and understand the full spectrum of the operational environment, and influence the outcome of operations. Intelligence enables commanders at all levels to focus their combat power and to provide full dimensional force protection across the range of military operations. I n war, intelligence focuses on enemy military capabilities, centers of gravity (COGs), and potential courses of action (COAs) to provide operational and tactical commanders the information they need to plan and conduct operations. Today's operational environment requires consideration of more than military factors and the intelligence directorate of a joint staff (J-2) must be flexible in its ability to integrate nonmilitary considerations into its analysis. The J-2 must modify and tailor intelligence support to meet the unique challenges presented in each operation. This publication has been prepared under the direction of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. It sets forth doctrine to govern the joint activities and performance of the Armed Forces of the United States in joint operations and provides the doctrinal basis for interagency coordination and US military involvement in multinational operations. It provides military guidance for the exercise of authority by combatant commanders and other joint force commanders (JFCs) and prescribes doctrine for joint operations and training. It provides military guidance for use by the Armed Forces in preparing their appropriate plans.

This publication provides joint doctrine for the conduct of amphibious operations. This publication provides fundamental principles and guidance to assist joint force commanders (JFCs), their staffs, and supporting and subordinate commanders in the planning, execution, and assessment of amphibious operations. An amphibious operation is a military operation launched from the sea by an amphibious force (AF), embarked in ships or craft with the primary purpose of introducing a landing force (LF) ashore to accomplish the assigned mission. An AF is an amphibious task force (ATF) and an LF together with other forces that are trained, organized, and equipped for amphibious operations. Amphibious operations apply maneuver principles to maritime power projection in joint and multinational operations. Amphibious operations can be designed to achieve operation or campaign objectives in one swift stroke; comprise the initial phase of a campaign or major operation to establish a military lodgment; serve as a supporting operation to deny the use of an area or facilities; to fix enemy forces and attention; to outflank an enemy; or to support military engagement, security cooperation, deterrence, humanitarian assistance, and civic assistance. AFs provide the JFC with a tailored, mobile force that is flexible enough to facilitate the entry of follow-on forces, be the main or supporting effort, or accomplish a coup-de-main. Amphibious operations take place across the range of military operations and are categorized into five types: assaults, raids, demonstrations, withdrawals, and amphibious support to other operations. An amphibious assault involves the establishment of an LF on a hostile or potentially hostile shore. An amphibious raid is a type of amphibious operation involving swift incursion into or temporary occupation of an objective followed by a planned withdrawal. An amphibious demonstration is a show of force conducted to deceive with the expectation of deluding the enemy into a course of action (COA) unfavorable to it. An amphibious withdrawal is the extraction of forces by sea in ships or craft from a hostile or potentially hostile shore. This publication has been prepared under the direction of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. It sets forth joint doctrine to govern the activities and performance of the Armed Forces of the United States in joint operations and provides the doctrinal basis for interagency coordination and for US military involvement in multinational operations. It provides military guidance for the exercise of authority by combatant commanders and other joint force commanders (JFCs) and prescribes joint doctrine for operations, education, and training. It provides military guidance for use by the Armed Forces in preparing their appropriate plans. It is not the intent of this publication to restrict the authority of the JFC from organizing the force and executing the mission in a manner the JFC deems most appropriate to ensure unity of effort in the accomplishment of the overall objective. Joint doctrine established in this publication applies to the Joint Staff, commanders of combatant commands, subunified commands, joint task forces, subordinate components of these commands, and the Services.

The Joint Publication 1-02, Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms sets forth standard US military and associated terminology to encompass the joint activity of the Armed Forces of the United States. These military and associated terms, together with their definitions, constitute approved Department of Defense (DOD) terminology for general use by all DOD components. This publication supplements standard English-language dictionaries and standardizes military and associated terminology to improve communication and mutual understanding within DOD, with other federal agencies, and among the United States and its allies. This edition of JP 1-02 has been published in two basic parts: A. Terms and definitions. These are annotated with the source publication. B. Abbreviations and acronyms. The source publication establishes the authoritative context for proper understanding and management of the associated term.

This publication is the capstone joint doctrine publication. It provides doctrine for unified action by the Armed Forces of the United States. As such, it specifies the authorized command relationships and authority that military commanders can use, provides guidance for the exercise of that military authority, provides fundamental principles and guidance for command and control, prescribes guidance for organizing joint forces, and describes policy for selected joint activities. It also provides the doctrinal basis for interagency coordination and for US military involvement in multiagency and multinational operations. Joint doctrine promotes a common perspective from which to plan, train, and conduct military operations. It represents what is taught, believed, and advocated as what is right (i.e., what works best). Conducting joint operations generally involve 12 broad principles, collectively known as the "principles of joint operations." These principles guide warfighting at the strategic, operational, and tactical levels of war. They combine the nine historical principles of war (present in joint doctrine since its inception) with three additional principles born out of experience across the range of military operations. US military service is based on values that US military experience has proven to be vital for operational success. These values adhere to the most idealistic societal norms, are common to all the Services, and represent the essence of military professionalism. Competent joint warfighters must be skilled in thinking strategically and at optimizing joint capabilities, applying strategic and operational art, and having a joint perspective. There are five values, while not specific to joint operations, that have special impact on the conduct of joint operations. The values are integrity, competency, physical courage, moral courage, and teamwork. The Armed Forces fulfill unique and crucial roles, defending the United States against all adversaries and serving the Nation as a bulwark and the guarantors of its security and independence. When called to action, the Armed Forces support and defend national interests worldwide. The Armed Forces embody the highest values and standards of American society and the profession of arms. The Armed Forces fulfill their roles, missions, and functions within the American system of civil-military relations. The Armed Forces also serve under the civilian control of the President who is the Commander in Chief. The nature of the challenges to the United States and its interests demand that the Armed Forces operate as a fully integrated joint team across the range of military operations. These operations may take place with the military forces of allies and coalition partners, US and foreign government agencies, state and local government agencies, and intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations. The challenges are best met when the unified action of the Armed Forces elicits the maximum contribution from each Service and Department of Defense (DOD) agency and their unique but complementary capabilities. The resulting synergy from their synchronized and integrated action is a direct reflection of those capabilities. Joint warfare is team warfare. Effective integration of joint forces exposes no weak points or seams to an adversary. They rapidly and efficiently find and exploit the adversary's critical vulnerabilities and other weak points as they contribute most to mission accomplishment. This does not mean that all forces will be equally represented in each operation. Joint force commanders (JFCs) may choose the capabilities they need from the forces at their disposal.

The President and Secretary of Defense have directed the Department of Defense (DOD) to transform in order to meet an uncertain future and the unfolding challenges of the 21st Century domestic and international security environments. As the Armed Forces of the United States transform, they must develop a common frame of reference to define and develop future joint force concepts, capabilities, requirements, and Service-provided forces. The existing frames of reference for the joint force are joint doctrine and Joint Vision. Joint doctrine only provides a common frame of reference for the current joint force. It does not, however, address the development or experimentation of future concepts and capabilities that could improve joint force operations. The Joint Vision provides a broad future vision and construct for military transformation. However, it contains little actionable detail for joint force planning and development. Joint doctrine and Joint Vision together will provide a baseline to help focus the development and comparative analysis of emerging concepts, capabilities, requirements, and Service-provided forces that will be employed within future joint warfare and crisis resolution. At the focal point of US military transformation and implementation is the Joint Requirements Oversight Council (JROC). The role of the JROC has evolved from a strictly materiel focus to a strategic integration role in the coevolution of joint doctrine, organization, training, materiel, leadership and education, personnel, and facilities (DOTMLPF) critical force considerations. As the crossroads for joint vision related requirements generation and development, the JROC currently must evaluate concepts, capabilities, architectures and requirements from each Service. What is missing for the JROC's use is a common perspective on joint warfare and crisis resolution in the 21st Century from which the JROC can review, integrate and compare emerging joint concepts, capabilities, architecture and requirements. To provide the missing common joint perspective for the JROC and address the Chairman's future joint vision in actionable detail, the Joint Staff's Directorate for Operational Plans and Joint Force Development (J-7) has worked on a JROC-sponsored project in collaboration with the Services, combatant commands, Joint Staff and defense agencies to develop An Evolving Joint Perspective: US Joint Warfare and Crisis Resolution In the 21st Century. This document provides a common joint warfighting perspective intended to identify and describe the key elements and desired capabilities that comprise the evolving and emerging American way of joint warfare and crisis resolution for the foreseeable future. This joint perspective grows from an understanding of the current environment, focuses on Joint Vision as the azimuth, and serves as the foundation for transformation. It captures and defines emerging consensus on the desired shifts in the characteristics and conduct of joint warfare and crisis resolution as well as the evolving joint fundamentals that will help to achieve the desired goals of military transformation. It provides an essential complement to Service transformation and warfighting perspectives and an integrating context for joint concept and architecture development, the Requirements Generation System (RGS), and Force Planning and development efforts.

This publication provides joint doctrine for the planning and conduct of civil-military operations (CMO) by joint forces, the use of civil affairs forces, the conduct of civil affairs operations, and the coordination with other capabilities contributing to the execution of CMO to achieve unified action. At the strategic, operational and tactical levels and across the full range of military operations, civil-military operations (CMO) are a primary military instrument to synchronize military and nonmilitary instruments of national power, particularly in support of stability, counterinsurgency and other operations dealing with asymmetric and irregular threats. Potential challenges include ethnic and religious conflict, cultural and socioeconomic differences, terrorism and insurgencies, the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, international organized crime, incidental and deliberate population migration, environmental degradation, infectious diseases, and sharpening competition/exploitation of dwindling natural resources. Opportunities, conversely, include the integration and comprehensive use of intergovernmental, regional, national, and local governmental and nongovernmental and private sector organizations, which have proliferated in number, variety, and capability. Recent policy initiatives, national security, military strategies, and military doctrine demonstrate a growing appreciation of the need to leverage more nonmilitary instruments of national power, reposed in the interagency process and the private sector, entailing a more holistic, and balance strategy. This publication has been prepared under the direction of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. It sets forth joint doctrine to govern the activities and performance of the Armed Forces of the United States in joint operations and provides the doctrinal basis for interagency coordination and for US military involvement in multinational operations. It provides military guidance for the exercise of authority by combatant commanders and other joint for commanders (JFCs) and prescribes joint doctrine for operations, education, and training. It provides military guidance for use by the Armed Forces in preparing their appropriate plans. It is not the intent of this publication to restrict the authority of the JFC from organizing the force and executing the mission in a manner the JFC deems most appropriate to ensure unity of effort in the accomplishment of the overall objective. Joint doctrine established in this publication applies to the joint staff, commanders of combatant commands, subunified commands, joint task forces, subordinate components of these command, and the Services. The guidance in this publication is authoritative; as such, this doctrine will be followed except when, in the judgment of the commander, exceptional circumstances dictate otherwise. If conflicts arise between the contents of this publication and the contents of Service publications, this publication will take precedence unless the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, normally in coordination with the other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, has provided more current and specific guidance. Commanders of forces operating as part of a multinational (alliance or coalition) military command should follow multinational doctrine and procedures ratified by the United States. For doctrine and procedures not ratified by the United States, commanders should evaluate and follow the multinational command's doctrine and procedures, where applicable and consistent with US law, regulations, and doctrine.

This publication provides doctrine for religious affairs in joint operations. It also provides information on the chaplain's roles as the principal advisor to the joint force commander (JFC) on religious affairs and a key advisor on the impact of religion on military operations. It further provides information on the chaplain's role of delivering and facilitating religious ministries in joint operations. Chaplains have always been an integral part of the US military. US military chaplaincies are characterized by interfaith structure and pluralistic cooperation. The role of chaplaincies is to accommodate religious needs, to support welfare and morale, and to help the command understand the complexities of religion with regard to its personnel and mission. The Constitution, law, and policy support the free exercise of religion. Title 10, United States Code (USC), provides for the appointment of officers as chaplains in the Military Departments. Chaplains have rank without command, and dual roles as religious leader and staff officer. Military commanders are responsible to provide for the free exercise of religion of those under their authority. Religious affairs in joint military operations will require a variety of actions supporting different types and phases of operations. There are many types of activities that commanders conduct outside of combat operations. Before, during and after combat operations, consistent with their noncombatant status and with the law of armed conflict, chaplains may be involved in planning and coordinating pastoral presence; caring for the wounded and honoring the dead; advising on appropriate chaplain liaison in support of military operations; ensuring the JFC and staff understand the constraints and restraints related to the noncombatant status of chaplains; coordinating for RST replacements. This publication establishes doctrine and guidance for the Armed Forces of the United States regarding religious affairs in the joint force environment and joint operations. It describes the major responsibilities and functions of the joint force commander, joint force chaplain, enlisted religious support personnel and religious support teams regarding religious affairs in joint force settings and operations.

Special operations (SO) differ from conventional operations in degree of physical and political risk, operational techniques, modes of employment, and dependence on detailed operational intelligence and indigenous assets. SO are conducted in all environments, but are particularly well suited for denied and politically sensitive environments. SO can be tailored to achieve not only military objectives through application of special operations forces (SOF) capabilities for which there are no broad conventional force requirements, but also to support the application of the diplomatic, informational, and economic instruments of national power. This publication provides overarching doctrine for SO and the employment and support of SOF across the range of military operations.

The continual introduction of hi-tech equipment, coupled with force structure and manning reductions, and high operating tempo mean that military forces will often be significantly augmented with contracted support. To do this, contract support integration and contractor management must be integrated into military planning and operations. Commanders and their staffs must have a working knowledge of key joint contract support integration and contractor management related terms, since these terms are not widely known outside of the professional acquisition community. Contingency acquisition, the process of acquiring supplies, services and construction in support of the joint operations begins at the point when a requiring activity identifies a specific requirement, defines the proper funding support, contract award, and administration requirement to satisfy activity needs. Contract execution begins with the award of the contract by a warranted contracting officer and ends when contractor performance is complete or the contract is otherwise terminated by the contracting officer. Contract closeout is executed once the contract has been completed and all outstanding contract administration issues have been resolved and ends once the contracting officer has prepared a contract completion statement. Understanding the roles and responsibilities of DOD, joint, and Service commanders and staffs related to operational contract support is critically important to all commands and staffs that may be involved with planning and managing contracted support and contractor management. Contracting is commonly used to augment organic military and other sources of support such as multinational logistic support, host-nation support, and to provide support where no organic capability exists, but contracting is often not properly planned for or integrated into the overall joint force logistic support effort. Contracting authority is the legal authority to enter into binding contracts and obligate funds for the USG, while command includes the authority and responsibility for effectively using available resources and for planning the employment of, organizing, directing, coordinating, and controlling military forces for the accomplishment of assigned missions. Command Authority (combatant command command authority]) includes the authority to perform functions involving organizing and employing commands and forces, assigning tasks and designating objectives, and giving authoritative direction over all aspects of an operation; it does not include authority to make binding contracts or obligate funds on behalf of the USG. Systems support contracts are generally issued when the Service systems contracting activities award the original systems contracts. External support contracts are often used to provide significant logistic support and selected non-logistic support to the joint force. Theater support contracts are those contracts that are issued by deployed contingency contracting officers and are generally awarded to local vendors to support in-theater customers. This publication establishes doctrine for planning, conducting, and assessing contracting and contractor management functions in support of joint operations. It provides standardized guidance and information related to integrating operational contract support and contractor management, defines and describes these two different, but directly related functions, and provides a basic discussion on contracting C2 organizational options.

The US military has an obligation to communicate with the American public, and it is in the national interest to communicate with the international public. Through the responsive release of accurate information and imagery to domestic and international audiences, public affairs (PA) puts operational actions in context, facilitates the development of informed perceptions about military operations, helps undermine adversarial propaganda efforts, and contributes to the achievement of national, strategic, and operational objectives. Information relating to the military and its operations is available to the public from the Department of Defense (DOD) as well as national unofficial sources (e.g., information disseminated by the members, distributed by the public, the media, or by groups hostile to US interests). Regardless of the source, intention, or method of distribution, information in the public domain either contributes to or undermines the achievement of operational objectives. Official information can help create, strengthen, or preserve conditions favorable for the advancement of national interests and policies and mitigate any adverse effects from unofficial, misinformed, or hostile sources. Official communication with internal and external audiences may have a significant effect on the operational environment. Good planning and message development can have a positive impact on operations. Poor planning and message development can turn operational success into strategic failure. It is the responsibility of DOD to make available timely and accurate information so that the public, Congress, and the news media may assess and understand facts about national security and defense strategy. PA activities are divided into public information, command information, and community engagement supported by planning and analysis and assessment throughout the course of operations. This publication provides fundamental principles and guidance for PA support to joint operations. It also addresses PA operations and the role of PA in strategic communication. It adds a discussion of joint PA in domestic operations.

This study provides the J-7, Joint Staff with conclusions and recommendations regarding the joint force fires coordinator (JFFC) concept, to include development of a Joint Staff position and a recommendation to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. During the study period, the Army-Air Force Warfighter Conference results were releases. These results included an agreement that the title "JFFC" should be changed to not connote any command authority. This study addresses the issue with significance, but uses the title "JFFC" as a point of reference for the functions and not to endorse the name. The Joint Warfighting Center (JWFC) study team examined the JFFC concept from the joint force commander's (JFC) viewpoint by identifying joint fires functions and tasks, and testing the appropriateness of their assignment to the J-3, who could be assisted by a JFFC. The definitions of fires, joint fires, and joint fire support along with the JFFC concept provided in the July 1996 final draft of Joint Pub 3-09, "Doctrine for Joint Fire Support," were used as starting points. Data was collected from the Joint Electronic Library (JEL), geographic combatant commands, Service doctrine commands, Joint Universal Lessons Learned System (JULLS), exercise observations, interviews, briefings, meetings, and library resources. The study compares the joint fires functions and tasks performed by the JFC (J-3 cognizance), joint targeting coordination board (JTCB), joint force air component commander (JFACC), and other components. The study draws conclusions and makes recommendations about the potential JFFC impact on joint doctrine and joint targeting procedures, long-range implications, and advantages/disadvantages of establishing a JFFC.