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This book provides both an introduction to the philosophy of
scientific modeling and a contribution to the discussion and
clarification of two recent philosophical conceptions of models:
artifactualism and fictionalism. These can be viewed as different
stances concerning the standard representationalist account of
scientific models. By better understanding these two alternative
views, readers will gain a deeper insight into what a model is as
well as how models function in different sciences. Fictionalism has
been a traditional epistemological stance related to antirealist
construals of laws and theories, such as instrumentalism and
inferentialism. By contrast, the more recent fictional view of
models holds that scientific models must be conceived of as the
same kind of entities as literary characters and places. This
approach is essentially an answer to the ontological question
concerning the nature of models, which in principle is not
incompatible with a representationalist account of the function of
models. The artifactual view of models is an approach according to
which scientific models are epistemic artifacts, whose main
function is not to represent the phenomena but rather to provide
epistemic access to them. It can be conceived of as a
non-representationalist and pragmatic account of modeling, which
does not intend to focus on the ontology of models but rather on
the ways they are built and used for different purposes. The
different essays address questions such as the artifactual view of
idealization, the use of information theory to elucidate the
concepts of abstraction and idealization, the deidealization of
models, the nature of scientific fictions, the structural account
of representation and the ontological status of structures, the
role of surrogative reasoning with models, and the use of models
for explaining and predicting physical phenomena.
This book provides both an introduction to the philosophy of
scientific modeling and a contribution to the discussion and
clarification of two recent philosophical conceptions of models:
artifactualism and fictionalism. These can be viewed as different
stances concerning the standard representationalist account of
scientific models. By better understanding these two alternative
views, readers will gain a deeper insight into what a model is as
well as how models function in different sciences. Fictionalism has
been a traditional epistemological stance related to antirealist
construals of laws and theories, such as instrumentalism and
inferentialism. By contrast, the more recent fictional view of
models holds that scientific models must be conceived of as the
same kind of entities as literary characters and places. This
approach is essentially an answer to the ontological question
concerning the nature of models, which in principle is not
incompatible with a representationalist account of the function of
models. The artifactual view of models is an approach according to
which scientific models are epistemic artifacts, whose main
function is not to represent the phenomena but rather to provide
epistemic access to them. It can be conceived of as a
non-representationalist and pragmatic account of modeling, which
does not intend to focus on the ontology of models but rather on
the ways they are built and used for different purposes. The
different essays address questions such as the artifactual view of
idealization, the use of information theory to elucidate the
concepts of abstraction and idealization, the deidealization of
models, the nature of scientific fictions, the structural account
of representation and the ontological status of structures, the
role of surrogative reasoning with models, and the use of models
for explaining and predicting physical phenomena.
"How to Play Dialogues" constitutes the first introduction to
Dialogical Logic aimed at the practice of dialogic containing
precise comments on solutions to exercises in first-order
classical, intuitionistic and elements of propositional modal
logic. It is the first part of the work "The Dialogues of Logic,"
conceived in two separate autonomous texts on dialogical logic. The
two texts should provide together a comprehensive technical and
philosophical overview of the dialogical approach to logic.
Este libro pone al alcance del lector no especializado la obra
cardinal de Gottlob Frege, padre de la filosofia analitica. De
facillectura y compresion, la pluma de Stepanians nos conduce
vivamente por el entramado primordial del significados y sentidos
vislumbrados por una de las mentes mas brillantes de la historia
del pensamiento y que aun sigue siendo uno de los pensadores menos
leidos en lengua castellana.
Logique Dynamique de la Fiction is a masterly piece of work and a
substantial contribution to a disciplined understanding of human
thought and discourse about the unreal. It is, in that very
respect, a logic working at the very heart of les sciences
humaines. M. Redmond's command of the literature - actually of the
several literatures associated with each of the constituent parts
of his synthesis - is not only substantial and comprehensive; it is
also rather breath-taking. Equally impressive is the technical
assurance displayed by the formal development of the constituent
logics, and the virtuosity with which they are adapted to the
purposes of his project. ...] On the other hand, I find myself
rather captivated by the insight that the practices of fiction -
its writing and its reading - possess an inherently dialogical
structure, and with it, the idea that to get the semantics of
fiction right it will be necessary to dynamize the underlying
logic. John WoodsBien que la logique de la non - existence a t d
velopp e d?'s les d buts de la philosophie analytique, il a fallu
attendre les travaux de John Woods en 1974, afin que les relations
entre logique et litt rature, notamment sur la question de la
fictionalit, commencent tre consid r es. Le d veloppement de ces
liens entre logique et litt rature sera-t-il fructueux la fois pour
la philosophie de la logique, pour l'analyse philosophique de la
litt rature et, plus g n ralement, pour l'analyse de la fictionalit
C'est cette question que le pr sent ouvrage propose d'apporter des
l ments de r ponse. Shahid Rahman
Ce livre est le premier volume d'un ouvrage, Logique Dialogique:
une introduction, concu selon deux parties autonomes sur la logique
dialogique. Les deux volumes fournissent neanmoins, a un niveau
technique et philosophique, une vue d'ensemble de l'approche
dialogique de la logique. Constituant un support efficace et
didactique pour apprendre les fondements et la pratique de la
logique dialogique, elles s'adressent ainsi tant aux professeurs et
enseignants pour la preparation de cours qu'aux etudiants qui
veulent se former individuellement. Le premier volume, Methode de
Dialogique: Regles et Exercices, constitue la premiere introduction
a la pratique de la dialogique et contient des commentaires precis
sur la solution d'exercices divers de logique classique de premier
ordre, de logique intuitionniste et de logique modale
propositionnelle. Le present volume est lui-meme ecrit en deux
parties. La premiere etant ecrite pour le lecteur non specialise
envisage, pour apprendre a jouer avec des dialogues, un point de
vue analogue a la facon dont on apprend a jouer a des jeux
conventionnels comme les echecs par exemple: on se familiarise avec
les regles qui gouvernent les figures, les regles du developpement
du jeu et finalement les regles qui produisent les strategies
gagnantes. La deuxieme partie contient une formulation plus precise
de ce qui a ete presente et travaille dans la premiere section.
Elle se termine sur une justification de la correspondance entre la
dialogique et le calcul des sequents. Le second volume presente un
contenu plus avance incluant la metatheorie correspondante.
Hugh MacColl (1837-1909) fut un mathematicien et logicien qui passa
les premieres annees de sa vie en Ecosse. Apres quelques annees de
travail en differents lieux de Grande-Bretagne, il s'installa a
Boulogne-sur-Mer (France), ou il developpa la majeure partie de son
oeuvre et devint citoyen francais. Hugh MacColl fut connu en son
temps pour ses contributions novatrices dans le monde de la
logique. MacColl represente la premiere approche du pluralisme
logique. Sa premiere contribution pour l'algebre logique du 19
DEGREESieme siecle fut son calcul qui n'autorise pas seulement une
classe d'interpretation (comme dans l'algebre de Boole) mais aussi
une interpretation propositionnelle. MacColl donna une preference a
l'interpretation propositionnelle en raison de sa generalite et
l'appela logique pure. Le connecteur principal de sa logique pure
est le conditionnel et par consequent, son algebre contient un
operateur specifique pour cet operateur. Dans /Symbolic Logic and
its Applications/ (1906) (reimprime dans notre volume), MacColl
publia la version achevee de sa(ses) logique(s) ou des propositions
sont qualifiees soit de certaines, soit de impossibles, soit de
contingentes, ou encore de vraies ou de fausses. Apres sa mort ses
contributions au monde logique ne semblent pas avoir recues ni les
remerciements ni les etudes systematiques qu'elles auraient
meritees. Plus encore, nombre de ses idees furent attribuees a ses
successeurs; les exemples les plus connus sont: la notion
d'implication stricte, la premiere approche formelle de la logique
modale et la discussion des paradoxes de l'implication materielle,
habituellement attribuee a C.I. Lewis. Il en va de meme pour ce qui
est de ses contributions a la logique probabiliste (probabilite
conditionnelle), logique plurivalente (relationnelle), logique de
la pertinence et logique connexe. Le fait qu'il ait aussi explore
la possibilite de construire un systeme formel capable de raisonner
avec des fictions est moins connu. Ce dernier point semble etre lie
avec sa reconstruction formelle du syllogisme aristotelicien par le
biais de la logique connexe. Le present volume comprend une
reimpression des principaux ecrits logiques de Mac
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