Over the past decades, the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases have been benefited significantly from intensive research activities. In order to provide a comprehensive "manual" in a field that has become as broad and deep as cardiovascular medicine, this volume of "Methods in Molecular Medicine" covers a wide spectrum of in vivo and in vitro techniques encompassing biochemical, pharmacological and molecular biology disciplines which are currently used to assess vascular disease progression. Each chapter included in this volume focuses on a specific vascular biology technique and describes various applications as well as caveats of these techniques. The protocols included here are described in detail, allowing beginners with little experience in the field of vascular biology to embark on new research projects.

Autophagy and Cardiometabolic Diseases: From Moleculer Mechanisms to Translational Medicine covers the science of autophagy in relation to cardiometabolic diseases and the future therapeutic potentials of autophagy regulation in these processes. Processes are not described in isolation, but in concert with other cellular and/or metabolic processes, such as lipogenesis, glucose, energy metabolism and apoptosis. This approach recognizes the multifactorial nature of cardiometabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidemia. The book provides explanations, while also distinguishing the delicate role for autophagy in pathogenesis and exploring complications for cardiometabolic diseases. By targeting autophagy, it offers new avenues for drug discovery and treatment for cardiometabolic anomalies. It is a perfect resource for cardiology researchers, scientists and medical practitioners.

What causes dyslexia, and how does it manifest across languages? As bilingualism becomes increasingly important globally, these questions have never been more critical--and this comprehensive volume from The Dyslexia Foundation explores them in unprecedented depth.

Bringing together the best brain-based, genetics, and behavioral research in the field from more than 40 of today's most highly respected researchers, this landmark volume fully examines what we know about the identification, manifestations, and potential differences in dyslexia across languages and orthographies. International contributors share their groundbreaking studies, helping researchers and graduate-level students investigate key questions about dyslexia:

• How does dyslexia vary in frequency and manifestation among speakers of various alphabetic and nonalphabetic languages?
• How might the characteristics of different languages affect reading acquisition and reading difficulties?
• How do genetic profiles interact with environment to influence how reading difficulties manifest?
• Are there unique neurobiological and/or behavioral characteristics that are universal to dyslexia?
• How can computational and statistical modeling contribute to a better understanding of reading difficulties in children and adults?
• In what ways might bilingualism influence reading and reading difficulties?

The editors also lay out a clear agenda for future research on reading, writing, and dyslexia across the world's languages and orthographies. These specific next steps will pave the way for more and better research and encourage stronger interdisciplinary collaborations among fields, such as cognitive science, neuroscience, genetics, and education.

Reflecting 20 years of progress in our understanding of dyslexia, this foundational volume will lay the groundwork for tomorrow's practical resources--and help ensure that all children around the world have access to the best, most effective reading instruction.

With contributions by:

• Diane August
• Stanislas DeHaene
• Albert M. Galaburda
• Tomi K. Guttorm
• Debra Jared
• Chia Ying Lee
• Joseph J. LoTurco
• Gigi Luk
• James S. Magnuson
• Catherine McBride-Chang
• Charles Perfetti
• Ulla Richardson
• Mark Seidenberg
• Ayumi Seki
• Linda S. Siegel
• Shelley D. Smith
• Richard K. Wagner
• Johannes C. Ziegler

This book is part of the Brookes Publishing The Extraordinary Brain Series