In the foreword to this volume of conference proceedings for IFIP Working Group 8.4, it is appropriate to review the wider organization to which the Working Group belongs. The International Federation of Information Processing (IFIP) is a non-governmental, non-profit umbrella organization for national societies working in the field of information processing that was established in 1960 under the auspices of UNESCO. IFIP's mission is to be the leading, truly international, apolitical organization which encourages and assists in the development, exploitation and application of Information Technology for the benefit of all people. At the heart of IFIP lie its Technical Committees that, between them, count on the active participation of some two thousand people world-wide. These Groups work in a variety of ways to share experience and to develop their specialised knowledge. Technical Committees include: TC 1. Foundations of Computer Science; TC 2: Software: Theory and Practice; TC 3: Education; TC 6: Communication Systems; TC 7: System Modelling and Optimization; TC 9: Relationship between Computers and Society; TC 11: Security and Protection in Information Processing Systems; TC 12: Artificial Intelligence and TC 13: Human-Computer Interaction. The IFIP website www.ifip.org) has further details. Technical Committee 8 (TC8) is concerned with Information Systems in organisations. Within TC8 there are different Working Groups focusing on particular aspects of Information Systems.

When researching, teaching or working with information systems in the public sector, one is left with few or often no textbooks that provide useful case studies or surveys on the implementation and effects of integrating information technologies in the organizations' operations. This is surprising since in most first world countries the public sector consumes a substantial part of the gross national product. Even more astonishing is the vast amount of financial and organizational resources that are spent developing and implementing various information systems. We decided to write this book to provide information for those studying information systems at business schools, information and computer departments at collegesl universities, and for those working hands-on with EDI and data networking in public administration. Thus, our primary target groups for this book are professionals, training (MA-courses), computer science, MBA, MP A, and political science. EDI has been seen as a means to wire the various policy areas in the public sector. Those included are not limited strictly to the public organizations, but extend to their trade partners. Also, government has sought ways to stimulate the usage of ED I in the private sector beyond those transactions involving direct communication with the public sector. In this book, we have contributors from eight countries and a total of 14 chapters reporting on issues of importance when developing and implementing EDI, when government wants to stimulate the diffusion of EDI in society, and when organizations want to address the impact of their investments in ED .

E-government and Public Sector Process Rebuilding: Dilettantes, Wheelbarrows, and Diamonds provides an input to rebuild and improve the processes in which the public sector perform activities and interact with the citizens, companies, and the formal elected decision-makers.
Through eleven chapters, the book emphasizes information systems (IS) as the vehicle for redirecting the public sector towards its key customers.
The book stresses serious capability challenges inhibiting the digital transformation using activity and customer centric applications.
The dilettantes in the public sector are in need of upgrading, rethinking, and refocusing their use of IS.
There is a need to revisit the extensive use of digital wheelbarrows to transmit data, and complement the transactional focus with IT-enabled analysis of the activities.
There is also a need to recognize that IS are not just flashy and shining diamonds to be shown off on special occasions.
IS are, as most diamonds, manufactured products, part of the activities and intended for replacement whenever the diamonds are no longer suitable for serving their purpose - diamonds do not last forever.

This book presents the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Electronic Government, EGOV 2006, held in in Krakow, Poland in conjunction with DEXA 2006. The book offers 31 revised papers depicting the state of the art in e-government/ e-governance, arranged in topical sections on research, review and outlook, participation and democracy, designing government services, legal dimensions in e-government, procurement and governance issues in networked governments, and more.

E-government and Public Sector Process Rebuilding: Dilettantes, Wheelbarrows, and Diamonds provides an input to rebuild and improve the processes in which the public sector perform activities and interact with the citizens, companies, and the formal elected decision-makers.
Through eleven chapters, the book emphasizes information systems (IS) as the vehicle for redirecting the public sector towards its key customers.
The book stresses serious capability challenges inhibiting the digital transformation using activity and customer centric applications.
The dilettantes in the public sector are in need of upgrading, rethinking, and refocusing their use of IS.
There is a need to revisit the extensive use of digital wheelbarrows to transmit data, and complement the transactional focus with IT-enabled analysis of the activities.
There is also a need to recognize that IS are not just flashy and shining diamonds to be shown off on special occasions.
IS are, as most diamonds, manufactured products, part of the activities and intended for replacement whenever the diamonds are no longer suitable for serving their purpose - diamonds do not last forever.

In the foreword to this volume of conference proceedings for IFIP Working Group 8.4, it is appropriate to review the wider organization to which the Working Group belongs. The International Federation of Information Processing (IFIP) is a non-governmental, non-profit umbrella organization for national societies working in the field of information processing that was established in 1960 under the auspices of UNESCO. IFIP's mission is to be the leading, truly international, apolitical organization which encourages and assists in the development, exploitation and application of Information Technology for the benefit of all people. At the heart of IFIP lie its Technical Committees that, between them, count on the active participation of some two thousand people world-wide. These Groups work in a variety of ways to share experience and to develop their specialised knowledge. Technical Committees include: TC 1. Foundations of Computer Science; TC 2: Software: Theory and Practice; TC 3: Education; TC 6: Communication Systems; TC 7: System Modelling and Optimization; TC 9: Relationship between Computers and Society; TC 11: Security and Protection in Information Processing Systems; TC 12: Artificial Intelligence and TC 13: Human-Computer Interaction. The IFIP website www.ifip.org) has further details. Technical Committee 8 (TC8) is concerned with Information Systems in organisations. Within TC8 there are different Working Groups focusing on particular aspects of Information Systems.

The public sector uses electronic data interchange (EDI) in areas such as the health sector, procurement, meat inspection, taxation, transportation, and the courts. Also, government encourages private sector to enhance their use of electronic communication to secure faster and more reliable exchange of data, to save manpower, and to enable organizational transformation to the information society. In EDI and Data Networking in the Public Sector authors from eight countries report on the modes of governmental intervention to stimulate the usage of EDI and the challenges facing government as they try to smoothen their own units via organizational management. With cases (a total of 14 chapters) from Singapore, Denmark, USA, Sweden, England, Australia, and the Netherlands, this book finds that government in some countries is ahead of the private sector in utilization of EDI and that government at both supranational, central and local levels are active players on the field. Local levels of government and the quasi-governmental organizations provide an important supplement to the efforts by central government to increase the overall usage of EDI. EDI and Data Networking in the Public Sector also indicates that the payoff from investments in EDI are slow to evolve. Dreams of quick return are not likely to emerge. Also, return of investments are highly linked to the organizations' ability to change their work processes along with the investments in EDI. The authors indicate that many public sector organizations lack the steam and vision necessarily to transform the government to a more technological based organization, where public procurement, taxation, medicine ordering etc. takes advantage ofthe potentials in EDI and data networking. EDI and Data Networking in the Public Sector will be of interest to all researchers and practitioners in MIS, Computer Science and International Trade working on the adoption of new technology.