Rather than viewing the history of American capitalism as the unassailable ascent of large-scale corporations and free competition, American Fair Trade argues that trade associations of independent proprietors lobbied and litigated to reshape competition policy to their benefit. At the turn of the twentieth century, this widespread fair trade movement borrowed from progressive law and economics, demonstrating a persistent concern with market fairness - not only fair prices for consumers but also fair competition among businesses. Proponents of fair trade collaborated with regulators to create codes of fair competition and influenced the administrative state's public-private approach to market regulation. New Deal partnerships in planning borrowed from those efforts to manage competitive markets, yet ultimately discredited the fair trade model by mandating economy-wide trade rules that sharply reduced competition. Laura Phillips Sawyer analyzes how these efforts to reconcile the American tradition of a well-regulated society with the legacy of Gilded Age of laissez-faire capitalism produced the modern American regulatory state.

Rather than viewing the history of American capitalism as the unassailable ascent of large-scale corporations and free competition, American Fair Trade argues that trade associations of independent proprietors lobbied and litigated to reshape competition policy to their benefit. At the turn of the twentieth century, this widespread fair trade movement borrowed from progressive law and economics, demonstrating a persistent concern with market fairness - not only fair prices for consumers but also fair competition among businesses. Proponents of fair trade collaborated with regulators to create codes of fair competition and influenced the administrative state's public-private approach to market regulation. New Deal partnerships in planning borrowed from those efforts to manage competitive markets, yet ultimately discredited the fair trade model by mandating economy-wide trade rules that sharply reduced competition. Laura Phillips Sawyer analyzes how these efforts to reconcile the American tradition of a well-regulated society with the legacy of Gilded Age of laissez-faire capitalism produced the modern American regulatory state.

In 2011, KEFJ staff in cooperation with AMNWR and University of Alaska Fairbanks began a three year intensive seabird study to establish monitoring protocols for breeding seabirds in KEFJ and adjacent areas of AMNWR. The goals of this study are to: Document previously undetected seabird colonies by systematically surveying the coastline within KEFJ. Determine the status (occupied or unoccupied) and species composition of all seabird colonies documented in surveys from 1976-2010. Produce GIS maps of the locations of seabird colonies in KEFJ and adjacent AMNWR islands. Develop statistically valid protocols for monitoring long term presence and abundance of colony nesting seabirds within KEFJ and adjacent AMNWR islands. This report presents a summary of data gathered in 2011 with preliminary comparisons to seabird surveys from previous years.