The definitive reference work with comprehensive analysis and review of peer production Peer production is no longer the sole domain of small groups of technical or academic elites. The internet has enabled millions of people to collectively produce, revise, and distribute everything from computer operating systems and applications to encyclopedia articles and film and television databases. Today, peer production has branched out to include wireless networks, online currencies, biohacking, and peer-to-peer urbanism, amongst others. The Handbook of Peer Production outlines central concepts, examines current and emerging areas of application, and analyzes the forms and principles of cooperation that continue to impact multiple areas of production and sociality. Featuring contributions from an international team of experts in the field, this landmark work maps the origins and manifestations of peer production, discusses the factors and conditions that are enabling, advancing, and co-opting peer production, and considers its current impact and potential consequences for the social order. Detailed chapters address the governance, political economy, and cultures of peer production, user motivations, social rules and norms, the role of peer production in social change and activism, and much more. Filling a gap in available literature as the only extensive overview of peer production's modes of generating informational goods and services, this groundbreaking volume: Offers accessible, up-to-date information to both specialists and non-specialists across academia, industry, journalism, and public advocacy Includes interviews with leading practitioners discussing the future of peer production Discusses the history, traditions, key debates, and pioneers of peer production Explores technologies for peer production, openness and licensing, peer learning, open design and manufacturing, and free and open-source software The Handbook of Peer Production is an indispensable resource for students, instructors, researchers, and professionals working in fields including communication studies, science and technology studies, sociology, and management studies, as well as those interested in the network information economy, the public domain, and new forms of organization and networking.

Carefully organized and tightly edited, this insightful book considers potential causes of men's violence against women, utilizing a variety of theoretical perspectives. It summarizes what is known about the multiple causes of men's violence against women and the importance of identifying men's risk factors in order to prevent future violence. The editors' approach is unique but systematic. In chapter 2, the editors present a preliminary multivariate model that explains men's violence against women by identifying four content areas: macrosocietal, biological, gender role socialization, and relation factors. Within these four areas, the editors develop thirteen preliminary hypotheses about the causes of men's violence against women. In the subsequent chapters the contributing authors critique or react to specific parts of the multivariate model and address one or more of the 13 hypotheses in the presentation of their own ideas about the causes of men's violence against women. In the concluding chapter, the editors summarize the contributors' reactions to the original hypotheses by creating a revised multivariate model of risk factors for men's violence against women. The final model includes biological, socialization, psychological, psychosocial, relational, and macrosocietal factors. Furthermore, the model is explained through 13 theoretical propositions, 40 research hypotheses, and over 60 risk variables related to men's violence against women. The book closes with a discussion of men's protective, resiliency, and vulnerability factors as well as future directions for theory development, advocacy, and the prevention of violence against women.

Dentists have been inundated by patients with an array of complicated medical conditions and pain/sedation management issues. This is in addition to a variety of legal regulations dentists must follow regarding the storage and recordkeeping of controlled substances. Avoid unknowingly putting your practice at risk by becoming victim to a scam or violating a recordkeeping requirement with The ADA Practical Guide to Substance Use Disorders and Safe Prescribing. This Practical Guide is ideal for dentists and staff as they navigate: Detecting and deterring substance use disorders (SUD) and drug diversion in the dental office (drug-seeking patients) Prescribing complexities Treating patients with SUD and complex analgesic and sedation (pain/sedation management) needs and the best use of sedation anxiety medication Interviewing and counselling options for SUD Federal drug regulations Commonly used illicit, prescription, and over-the-counter drugs, as well as alcohol and tobacco, are also covered. Special features include: Clinical tools proven to aid in the identification, interviewing, intervention, referral and treatment of SUD Basic elements of SUD, acute pain/sedation management, and drug diversion Summary of evidence-based literature that supports what, when and how to prescribe controlled substances to patients with SUD Discussion of key federal controlled substance regulations that frequently impact dental practitioners Checklists to help prevent drug diversion in dental practices Chapter on impaired dental professionals Case studies that examine safe prescribing and due diligence

The image of a prison with a revolving door helped George Bush win the presidency in 1988, but did negative advertising damage the electoral process itself? Why did campaign '88 represent an all-time low in the minds of many voters? These are some of the questions that impel this thought-provoking analysis of the 1988 presidential election, sponsored by the John and Mary R. Markle Foundation. Using extensive empirical studies of the candidates, the media, and the voters, Bruce Buchanan, executive director of the Markle Commission on the Media and the Electorate, traces the roots of popular dissatisfaction with the 1988 election. Buchanan argues that the campaign drifted too far from popular ideals of how democratic processes ought to work-that the substitution of negative advertising and quickie "sound bites" for reasoned debate on national problems and issues alienated much of the electorate, causing the lowest voter turnout in sixty-four years. Negative campaigning, however, cannot bear the full blame for the 1988 election. While the Markle Commission offers specific recommendations for improvements in candidate and media performance, the great need, says Buchanan, is for voters to reclaim the electoral process, to insist that candidates and the media give enough information about positions and programs for voters to make informed choices. Voters need to be educated out of the idea that democratic elections and representative government can somehow occur without the participation of ordinary citizens. At a time when the American democratic process is being used as a model by newly independent nations around the world, it is particularly appropriate to ask how well it works at home. Electing a President does just that.

A concise guide to negotiation for the little guy. It covers preparation, discussion, making and receiving proposals as well as how to close an agreement. It also covers how your relationship with the other negotiator affects your strategy. Is it a single transaction or an ongoing business relationship? Leverage is explained, both how to get it and how to use it. It covers distributive (win-lose) negotiations, helping you to get the biggest share of the pie, as well as integrative (win-win) negotiations where the goal is to expand the pie. The book covers such tactics as anchoring, bracketing and setting your entry price. It includes sections on the behavior of skilled negotiators including helpful behaviors and behaviors to avoid. A whole chapter entitled "Ploys, Gambits and Dirty Tricks" lists the most common of these tactics and how to deal with them. Read this book, use it, and always get a good deal.

Life is not easy when you are new to the "rat race." You will not know what to expect or what to do and you are playing a game without knowing the rules. Unfortunately, there are no Cliff Notes or tutors to help guide you through the confusing parts. To make matters worse, the stakes are higher and the pressure is on you. That is why we wrote this book. We have both had some terrific and gratifying experiences in the work world. Many errors are commonly committed by young professionals early in their careers. But we believe they can be avoided with some down-to-earth, practical guidance and a little effort. This real-life, how-to book will help you through many of the difficult challenges you will encounter as you begin your professional life. The stories and experiences contained in this book are real. We combine our own experiences with those of other successful young business people to provide a best-practices, how-to guide to help you navigate through the rough waters of your early career.

Men's gender role conflict is a psychological state in which restrictive definitions of masculinity limit men's well-being and human potential. Gender role conflict (GRC) doesn't just harm boys and men, but also girls and women, transgendered people, and society at large. Extensive research relates men's GRC to myriad behavioral problems, including sexism, violence, homophobia, depression, substance abuse, and relationship issues. This book represents a call to action for researchers and practitioners, graduate students, and other mental healthcare professionals to confront men's GRC and reduce its harmful influence on individuals and society. James O'Neil is a pioneer in men's psychology who conceptualized GRC and created the Gender Role Conflict Scale. In this book, he combines numerous studies from renowned scholars in men's psychology with more than 30 years of his own clinical and research experience to promote activism and challenge the status quo. He describes multiple effects of men's GRC, including success, power, and competition issues restricted emotionality restricted affectionate behavior between men conflicts between men's work and family relations. O'Neil also explains when GRC can develop in a man's gender role journey, how to address it through preventative programs and therapy for boys and men, and what initiatives researchers and clinicians can pursue.

Carefully organized and tightly edited, this insightful book considers potential causes of men?s violence against women, utilizing a variety of theoretical perspectives. It summarizes what is known about the multiple causes of men?s violence against women and the importance of identifying men?s risk factors in order to prevent future violence.

The editors? approach is unique but systematic. In chapter 2, the editors present a preliminary multivariate model that explains men?s violence against women by identifying four content areas: macrosocietal, biological, gender role socialization, and relation factors. Within these four areas, the editors develop thirteen preliminary hypotheses about the causes of men?s violence against women. In the subsequent chapters the contributing authors critique or react to specific parts of the multivariate model and address one or more of the 13 hypotheses in the presentation of their own ideas about the causes of men?s violence against women. In the concluding chapter, the editors summarize the contributors? reactions to the original hypotheses by creating a revised multivariate model of risk factors for men?s violence against women. The final model includes biological, socialization, psychological, psychosocial, relational, and macrosocietal factors. Furthermore, the model is explained through 13 theoretical propositions, 40 research hypotheses, and over 60 risk variables related to men?s violence against women. The book closes with a discussion of men?s protective, resiliency, and vulnerability factors as well as future directions for theory development, advocacy, and the prevention of violence against women.