|
Showing 1 - 5 of
5 matches in All Departments
Border enforcement is a core element of the Department of Homeland
Security's (DHS's) effort to control illegal migration, with the
U.S. Border Patrol (USBP) within the Bureau of Customs and Border
Protection (CBP) as the lead agency along most of the border.
Border enforcement has been an ongoing subject of congressional
interest since the 1970s, when illegal immigration to the United
States first registered as a serious national problem; and border
security has received additional attention in the decade following
the terrorist attacks of 2001.
Border enforcement is a core element of the Department of Homeland
Security's (DHS's) effort to control unauthorized migration, with
the U.S. Border Patrol (USBP) within the Bureau of Customs and
Border Protection (CBP) as the lead agency along most of the
border. Border enforcement has been an ongoing subject of
congressional interest since the 1970s, when illegal immigration to
the United States first registered as a serious national problem;
and border security has received additional attention in the years
since the terrorist attacks of 2001. Since the 1990s, migration
control at the border has been guided by a strategy of "prevention
through deterrence"-the idea that the concentration of personnel,
infrastructure, and surveillance technology along heavily
trafficked regions of the border will discourage unauthorized
aliens from attempting to enter the United States. Since 2005, CBP
has attempted to discourage repeat entries and disrupt migrant
smuggling networks by imposing tougher penalties against certain
unauthorized aliens, a set of policies eventually described as
"enforcement with consequences." Most people apprehended at the
Southwest border are now subject to "high consequence" enforcement
outcomes.
The United States confronts a wide array of threats at U.S.
borders, ranging from terrorists who may have weapons of mass
destruction, to transnational criminals smuggling drugs or
counterfeit goods, to unauthorized migrants intending to live and
work in the United States. Given this diversity of threats, how may
Congress and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) set border
security priorities and allocate scarce enforcement resources? In
general, DHS's answer to this question is organized around risk
management, a process that involves risk assessment and the
allocation of resources based on a cost-benefit analysis. This
report focuses on the first part of this process by identifying
border threats and describing a framework for understanding risks
at U.S. borders. DHS employs models to classify threats as
relatively high- or low-risk for certain planning and budgeting
exercises and to implement certain border security programs.
Members of Congress may wish to use similar models to evaluate the
costs and benefits of potential border security policies and to
allocate border enforcement resources. This report discusses some
of the issues involved in modeling border-related threats.
Understanding border risks begins with identifying key threats. At
their roots, border-related threats are closely linked to the flow
of people (travelers) and goods (cargo) from one country to
another. Any smuggled item or individual hidden among the
legitimate flows potentially constitutes a threat to U.S. security
or interests. The intentions and actions of unauthorized travelers
separate them into different threat categories, including
terrorists, transnational criminals, and other illegal migrants.
History and geography have given Mexico a unique status in the U.S.
immigration system, and have made the Mexico-U.S. migration flow
the largest in the world. Mexicans are the largest group of U.S.
migrants across most types of immigration statuses-a fact that may
have important implications for how Congress makes U.S. immigration
policy. This report reviews the history of immigration policy and
migration flows between the countries and the demographics of
Mexicans within the United States. It also analyzes contemporary
issues in U.S. immigration policy and the impact Mexico may have on
U.S. immigration outcomes.
In The Oxford Handbook of the Politics of International Migration,
leading migration experts Marc Rosenblum and Daniel Tichenor gather
together 29 field specialists in an authoritative volume on the
issue. Integrating the perspectives of the wide variety of fields
that hold a stake in the study of migration-political science,
sociology, economics, anthropology-this book presents an
unprecedented interdisciplinary look at an issue that defines the
modern era: the large-scale movement of people across international
borders. The volume begins with three chapters analyzing the
origins and causes of migration, including both source and
destination states. The second section then asks: what are the
consequences of migration at both ends of the migration chain?
Chapters in this section consider economics, the effects of
migration on parties and political participation, and social and
cultural effects. A third group of chapters focuses on immigration
policy. These include primers on the history and dimensions of
migration policy, as well as examinations of the effects of public
opinion, interest groups, and international relations on
policymaking. The volume then considers aspects of the immigrant
experience: segmented assimilation among Asian Americans, histories
of U.S. immigrant incorporation and of race and migration,
transnationalism, and gendered aspects of migration. Finally, five
chapters examine contemporary issues, including transborder crime
and terrorism, migration and organized labor, international
regionalism, normative debates about citizenship and immigration,
and the recent history of U.S. immigration policymaking. Covering
the major questions and challenges related to the issue, The Oxford
Handbook of the Politics of International Migration is a
comprehensive resource for students, scholars, and policy experts
alike.
|
You may like...
Cold People
Tom Rob Smith
Paperback
R350
R280
Discovery Miles 2 800
|