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Conducting computer analyses for the purposes of revealing
information of significance to the press represents an extension of
one of the most important forms of American journalism into the
contemporary era of new technologies. Investigative reporting had
its start with the establishment of the metropolitan newspaper
during the early decades of the 1900s. At the time, it was a
continuation of the evolving tradition of freedom of the press that
had characterized American political life since colonial times. As
it developed, investigative reporting stressed "facts" rather than
the opinions of the editor or reporter. In turn, that tradition had
its own intellectual roots. Today, computer-assisted investigative
reporting (CAIR) extends that "marketplace of ideas" into
systematic examinations of the electronic records of government. In
addition, computer analyses of other kinds of information
systematically gathered by journalists can provide the press with
insights into trends and patterns unlikely to be revealed by other
means.
This unique volume addresses procedures and issues in
investigative journalism that have not been explained in other
publications. It sets forth -- for the first time -- a detailed and
specific "methodology" for conducting computer-assisted
investigative analyses of both large and small scale electronic
records of government and other agencies. That methodology consists
of the logic of inquiry, strategies for reaching valid conclusions,
and rules for reporting what has been revealed by the analyses to
the public in clear ways. Such systematic methodologies are
essential in social and other sciences and the development of a
counterpart for investigative journalism has been badly needed.
That systematic methodology is developed within a context that
explains the origin and major characteristics of those elements
that have come together in American society to make
computer-assisted investigative reporting both possible and
increasingly a part of standard newsroom practices. These include
the development of traditional investigative journalism, the
evolution of computer technology, the use of computers by
government to keep records, the legal evolution of freedom of
information laws, the rapid adoption of computers in newsrooms, the
increasing importance of precision journalism, and the sharp
increase in recent times of computer-assisted investigative
reporting by American newspapers both large and small. The issues
addressed in this book are discussed in a very readable context
with an abundance of examples and illustrations drawn from the real
world of journalism as it is practiced daily in newsrooms around
the country. Explanations of concepts, principles, and procedures
are set forth in layperson's terms that require very little in the
way of knowledge of computers or statistical methods.
The second edition of this innovative textbook provides a
comprehensive overview of mass communication theories, as well as
their origins and empirical supports in psychology, sociology,
political science, and philosophy. Each chapter presents a specific
theory, describing its basic structure in simple formal terms and
providing an accessible summary of the research studies and
scholarly writings from which it developed. It breaks each complex
theory down into five or six interlinked basic propositions, making
them easily digestible for students. This new edition includes
up-to-date research; improved coverage of all theories presented;
expanded treatments of theories such as cultivation theory, the
spiral of silence, and framing; contemporary and social media
examples; chapter discussion questions; and informative charts and
figures. This textbook serves as an accessible core text for
undergraduate and graduate Mass Communication, Communication
Theory, and Communication and Society courses.
Conducting computer analyses for the purposes of revealing
information of significance to the press represents an extension of
one of the most important forms of American journalism into the
contemporary era of new technologies. Investigative reporting had
its start with the establishment of the metropolitan newspaper
during the early decades of the 1900s. At the time, it was a
continuation of the evolving tradition of freedom of the press that
had characterized American political life since colonial times. As
it developed, investigative reporting stressed "facts" rather than
the opinions of the editor or reporter. In turn, that tradition had
its own intellectual roots. Today, computer-assisted investigative
reporting (CAIR) extends that marketplace of ideas into systematic
examinations of the electronic records of government. In addition,
computer analyses of other kinds of information systematically
gathered by journalists can provide the press with insights into
trends and patterns unlikely to be revealed by other means.
This unique volume addresses procedures and issues in
investigative journalism that have not been explained in other
publications. It sets forth -- for the first time -- a detailed and
specific "methodology" for conducting computer-assisted
investigative analyses of both large and small scale electronic
records of government and other agencies. That methodology consists
of the logic of inquiry, strategies for reaching valid conclusions,
and rules for reporting what has been revealed by the analyses to
the public in clear ways. Such systematic methodologies are
essential in social and other sciences and the development of a
counterpart for investigative journalism has been badly needed.
That systematic methodology is developed within a context that
explains the origin and major characteristics of those elements
that have come together in American society to make
computer-assisted investigative reporting both possible and
increasingly a part of standard newsroom practices. These include
the development of traditional investigative journalism, the
evolution of computer technology, the use of computers by
government to keep records, the legal evolution of freedom of
information laws, the rapid adoption of computers in newsrooms, the
increasing importance of precision journalism, and the sharp
increase in recent times of computer-assisted investigative
reporting by American newspapers both large and small. The issues
addressed in this book are discussed in a very readable context
with an abundance of examples and illustrations drawn from the real
world of journalism as it is practiced daily in newsrooms around
the country. Explanations of concepts, principles, and procedures
are set forth in layperson's terms that require very little in the
way of knowledge of computers or statistical methods.
The second edition of this innovative textbook provides a
comprehensive overview of mass communication theories, as well as
their origins and empirical supports in psychology, sociology,
political science, and philosophy. Each chapter presents a specific
theory, describing its basic structure in simple formal terms and
providing an accessible summary of the research studies and
scholarly writings from which it developed. It breaks each complex
theory down into five or six interlinked basic propositions, making
them easily digestible for students. This new edition includes
up-to-date research; improved coverage of all theories presented;
expanded treatments of theories such as cultivation theory, the
spiral of silence, and framing; contemporary and social media
examples; chapter discussion questions; and informative charts and
figures. This textbook serves as an accessible core text for
undergraduate and graduate Mass Communication, Communication
Theory, and Communication and Society courses.
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