This book offers an integrated and contextualised framework for learning and development (L&D) effectiveness that addresses both the nature of L&D and its antecedents and outcomes in organisations. Scholars and practitioners alike have recognised the important role that L&D plays in organisations, where the development of human capital is an essential component of individual employability, career advancement, organisational performance, and competitive advantage. The development of employees' knowledge, skills, and attitudes constitutes one of the most important HR challenges that organisations face. The evidence indicates that organisations continue to invest in L&D programmes as part of their HR strategy. In addition, there has been an enormous growth in research on L&D in organisations; however, there is some ambiguity concerning the effectiveness of these activities and it largely remains unclear how they can be best implemented. This book seeks to address this gap in the literature. The authors propose a framework for L&D effectiveness based on key findings from reviews, empirical research, and meta-analyses, as well as previously established theoretical frameworks within the field. Combining theory and practice, the new framework this book offers provides key guidance for L&D practitioners and researches interested in the area.

This comprehensive book brings together research published during 2021 analysing the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the economy - on output and employment, on inequality, and on public policy responses. The Covid-19 pandemic has been the greatest public health crisis for a century - since the 'Spanish Flu' pandemic of 1919. The economic impact has been equally seismic. While it is too early to measure the full economic cost - since much of this will continue to accumulate for some time to come - it will certainly be one of the greatest global economic shocks of the past century. Some chapters in this edited volume report on specific countries, while some take a comparative look between countries, and others analyse the impact upon the global economy. Even before the Covid-19 pandemic, there had been calls for a 'great reset' in face of the climate crisis, the increased income and wealth inequality, and the need to avoid further global financial crisis. With the devastating Covid-19 pandemic - a harbinger for further such pandemics - there is an even greater need for a reset, and for the reset to be that much greater. The chapters in this book were originally published as special issues in the journal International Review of Applied Economics.

First published in 1999, this volume is about unemployment and discrimination, with a focus on Northern Ireland and its debate over patterns of inequality between unemployed Catholics and Protestants. The Unequal Unemployed uses the important and revealing context of Northern Ireland to review the international debate on discrimination and the role of unemployment within it. This intellectual and political debate, active throughout the past decade, represents a conflict between: a) The traditional view that unequal unemployment is evidence of labour market discrimination against minorities and other distinct social groupings. b) Recent models which explain unemployment either in terms of individual responsibility or innate inferiority and attack the 'equal opportunities industry for its attempts at social engineering. Maura Sheehan and Mike Tomlinson approach these theories using unique survey evidence, gathered through a comprehensive evaluation of anti-discrimination policy. They contradict the view that differences in unemployment between Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland are the result of personal attitudes and 'religious culture'. The book demonstrates that unequal unemployment arises from various discriminatory structures and practices - all of which are amenable to policy intervention. However, while more radical measures may achieve change, these must be developed within a policy framework which stimulates labour demand and economic development. Such a framework is constrained by the continuing political conflict within Northern Ireland.

First published in 1999, this volume is about unemployment and discrimination, with a focus on Northern Ireland and its debate over patterns of inequality between unemployed Catholics and Protestants. The Unequal Unemployed uses the important and revealing context of Northern Ireland to review the international debate on discrimination and the role of unemployment within it. This intellectual and political debate, active throughout the past decade, represents a conflict between: a) The traditional view that unequal unemployment is evidence of labour market discrimination against minorities and other distinct social groupings. b) Recent models which explain unemployment either in terms of individual responsibility or innate inferiority and attack the 'equal opportunities industry for its attempts at social engineering. Maura Sheehan and Mike Tomlinson approach these theories using unique survey evidence, gathered through a comprehensive evaluation of anti-discrimination policy. They contradict the view that differences in unemployment between Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland are the result of personal attitudes and 'religious culture'. The book demonstrates that unequal unemployment arises from various discriminatory structures and practices - all of which are amenable to policy intervention. However, while more radical measures may achieve change, these must be developed within a policy framework which stimulates labour demand and economic development. Such a framework is constrained by the continuing political conflict within Northern Ireland.

This book offers an integrated and contextualised framework for learning and development (L&D) effectiveness that addresses both the nature of L&D and its antecedents and outcomes in organisations. Scholars and practitioners alike have recognised the important role that L&D plays in organisations, where the development of human capital is an essential component of individual employability, career advancement, organisational performance, and competitive advantage. The development of employees' knowledge, skills, and attitudes constitutes one of the most important HR challenges that organisations face. The evidence indicates that organisations continue to invest in L&D programmes as part of their HR strategy. In addition, there has been an enormous growth in research on L&D in organisations; however, there is some ambiguity concerning the effectiveness of these activities and it largely remains unclear how they can be best implemented. This book seeks to address this gap in the literature. The authors propose a framework for L&D effectiveness based on key findings from reviews, empirical research, and meta-analyses, as well as previously established theoretical frameworks within the field. Combining theory and practice, the new framework this book offers provides key guidance for L&D practitioners and researches interested in the area.