Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus is characterized by the destruction of the host immune system as also reflected by a progressive loss of CD4-positive T-cells. This finally results in the host's incapacity to deal with opportunistic infections and the immune surveillance of tumors, a clinical status known as the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The book AIDS Pathogenesis provides the reader with a complete overview of the clinical course of HIV-1 infection. It describes the clinical aspects of primary infection, the different clinical outcomes of HIV-1 infection, and strategies for anti-viral treatment. In addition, more fundamental aspects of HIV-1 infection are reviewed. These include the biology of the virus and the novel insights in AIDS pathogenesis. Not only is the significance of an HIV-specific cellular and humoral immune response discussed, but also the possible incapacity of the adult human host to deal with T-cell destruction. Finally, the book discusses the currently used laboratory markers that allow for monitoring of the clinical course of infection.

This open access book provides a broad context for the understanding of current problems of science and of the different movements aiming to improve the societal impact of science and research. The author offers insights with regard to ideas, old and new, about science, and their historical origins in philosophy and sociology of science, which is of interest to a broad readership. The book shows that scientifically grounded knowledge is required and helpful in understanding intellectual and political positions in various discussions on the grand challenges of our time and how science makes impact on society. The book reveals why interventions that look good or even obvious, are often met with resistance and are hard to realize in practice. Based on a thorough analysis, as well as personal experiences in aids research, university administration and as a science observer, the author provides - while being totally open regarding science's limitations- a realistic narrative about how research is conducted, and how reliable 'objective' knowledge is produced. His idea of science, which draws heavily on American pragmatism, fits in with the global Open Science movement. It is argued that Open Science is a truly and historically unique movement in that it translates the analysis of the problems of science into major institutional actions of system change in order to improve academic culture and the impact of science, engaging all actors in the field of science and academia.

Huygens: The Man Behind the Principle is the story of the great seventeenth-century Dutch mathematician and physicist, Christiaan Huygens (1629-1695). As the first complete biography ever written this book describes in detail how Huygens arrived at discoveries and inventions that are often wrongly ascribed to Newton. Huygens played a key role in the 'scientific revolution', and the Huygens Principle on the wave theory of light helped establish his reputation. The discovery of Saturn's rings and the invention of the pendulum clock made him so famous that he was invited to be the first director of the French Academy of Science, but his life as director teetered on the edge of powerlessness. Despite Huygens' many achievements no complete biography has previously been published in English. This book gives scientists and historians the opportunity to learn more about all aspects of Huygens' life while bringing his story to a wider audience.

In an alphabetic catalogue the volume lists the Roman churches described in the most important medieval guide for pilgrims to Rome, the AIndulgentiae ecclesiarum orbis RomaeA, a source hitherto remarkably neglected by historical research. The list begins with the 7 main churches in Rome, followed by some 170 further places of worship. In each case the information found in the medieval sources is grouped under different headings (e.g. Relics, Indulgences, Interiors/Features). The catalogue thus provides a swift overview of the knowledge available in the late Middle Ages about Rome's churches and their characteristic features.

Redeszenen gehoren zu den wichtigsten Bestandteilen von Erzahltexten; sie konnen ein breites Spektrum narrativer Funktionen erfullen und werden in der mittelalterlichen Literatur mit grosser Sorgfalt strukturiert und formuliert. Im Zentrum des Bandes steht die Gestaltung derjenigen Redeszenen, die in mehrfachem Sinne ein Sprechen mit Gott darstellen. So kann Heiligenrede als gottlich inspirierte Rede prasentiert werden, und Gebete erscheinen als dialogisches Sprechen mit Gott. Mit dem Reden zu Gott eng verknupft sind die Rollen der Interaktanten; untersucht wird etwa, wie Heilige im Gesprach agieren und in welcher Weise Gott als Gesprachspartner in Erscheinung tritt. In einer Zusammenfuhrung sowohl sprach- als auch literaturwissenschaftlicher Methoden wird aus interdisziplinarer, komparatistischer Perspektive untersucht, wie in Texten vom 8.-16. Jahrhundert das Reden zu und mit Gott imaginiert und inszeniert wird."

The AIndulgentiae ecclesiarum urbis RomaeA was the most important guide for late medieval pilgrims to Rome. It describes Rome's seven main churches (and selected others), making special reference to indulgences and relics but also touching on the history of these churches and their architecture (e.g. the number and style of altars and chapels). The present volume is a critical edition of the major German and Dutch versions of the text. The commentaries examine the AIndulgentiaeA for the light it casts on questions pertaining to the history of religious piety (obtaining indulgences, veneration of relics, 'pilgrimages in spirit').

A poetics of literary dialogue is not something only invented in the modern age. Back in the Middle High German a ~Classicala (TM) era, a culture was already beginning to develop of verbal strategies for resolving conflict and performing other conversational functions, with literary texts representing their ideal forms. The papers in this volume combine methods from linguistics and literary studies to approach a new description of the dialogues in large-scale MHG epics. They present supratextual accounts of different types of dialogue and forms typical of certain genres and media as well as case studies of important individual epics.

The Tarrasch variation of the French Defense is reached after 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nd2. This is one of the most positional treatments White has available. Using his typical funny and dynamic writing style, David shows that it is possible to play solidly but also remain with the dynamic elements Black has available. He recommends several creative lines, even a bit off the beaten track, but which he has very carefully worked out over the several years of his own practice. Again, Miedema and his love for the French Defense shines through his second volume, the third and final being available at the end of this year.

Die Reihe "Historische Dialogforschung" eroffnet ihre Publikationen mit einem Tagungsband, der mit seiner methodischen Ausrichtung nicht nur an der Schnittstelle von Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft steht, sondern auch interdisziplinar komparatistisch ausgerichtet ist. Der Tagungsband bietet eine vergleichende Sicht auf Formen und Funktionen von Redeszenen, auf Rhetorik und Poetik von Mundlichkeit in Schriftlichkeit. Im Fokus stehen mittelalterliche Gesprachskulturen und ihre Transferprozesse, von der lateinischen Bildungskultur in die Volkssprache (und umgekehrt) sowie innerhalb der volkssprachigen Literaturen. Das Spektrum der Beitrage umfasst die Gestaltung und Funktionalisierung von elaborierter Mundlichkeit in mittelalterlicher Grossepik bis hin zur Analyse unterschiedlicher Kommunikationsstrategien und -stile. Dabei erlaubt der komparatistische Ansatz eine weiterfuhrende, komplexe Analyse von sprachlicher und kultureller Differenz fur das europaische Mittelalter."

This open access book provides a broad context for the understanding of current problems of science and of the different movements aiming to improve the societal impact of science and research. The author offers insights with regard to ideas, old and new, about science, and their historical origins in philosophy and sociology of science, which is of interest to a broad readership. The book shows that scientifically grounded knowledge is required and helpful in understanding intellectual and political positions in various discussions on the grand challenges of our time and how science makes impact on society. The book reveals why interventions that look good or even obvious, are often met with resistance and are hard to realize in practice. Based on a thorough analysis, as well as personal experiences in aids research, university administration and as a science observer, the author provides - while being totally open regarding science's limitations- a realistic narrative about how research is conducted, and how reliable 'objective' knowledge is produced. His idea of science, which draws heavily on American pragmatism, fits in with the global Open Science movement. It is argued that Open Science is a truly and historically unique movement in that it translates the analysis of the problems of science into major institutional actions of system change in order to improve academic culture and the impact of science, engaging all actors in the field of science and academia.

Mittelalter ist bei Jugendlichen popular. Da aber mittelalterliche Texte kaum noch als obligatorisch in den curricularen Vorgaben der Schulen verankert sind, verzichten viele Deutschlehrerinnen und Deutschlehrer darauf, das Nibelungenlied, den Parzival, Minnelieder oder auch Sachtexte des Mittelalters im Unterricht zu behandeln. Gerade der aktuelle kompetenzorientierte Unterricht bietet aber viele neue Anwendungsmoeglichkeiten fur Texte des Mittelalters. Die Kompetenzorientierung erlaubt einen integrativen Unterricht, der die sprachliche Fremdheit der mittelalterlichen Werke fur eine Reflexion uber deren Inhalte und Traditionen nutzt. Der Band bietet theoretische Grundlagen und vielseitige praktische Anwendungsbeispiele fur den Deutschunterricht mit mittelalterlichen Texten.

Huygens: The Man behind the Principle is the story of the great seventeenth-century Dutch mathematician and physicist Christiaan Huygens (1629-95). This comprehensive biography describes in detail how Huygens arrived at discoveries and inventions that are often wrongly ascribed to Newton. Huygens played a key role in the 'scientific revolution', and the Huygens Principle on the wave theory of light helped establish his reputation. The discovery of Saturn's rings and the invention of the pendulum clock made him so famous that he was invited to be the first director of the French Academy of Science, but his life as director teetered on the edge of powerlessness. Despite Huygens' many achievements no complete biography had previously been published in English. This book gives scientists and historians the opportunity to learn more about all aspects of Huygens' life while bringing his story to a wider audience.

The Winawer variation of the French is reached after 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 Bb4. This is one of the most exciting openings in the game. It's an alternative universe with alternative rules. In return for the Bishop Black gets a rock solid pawn structure and lots of dynamic capabilities. It should not come as a surprise that in these unbalanced fights Black can really play for a win. The groundwork was done by Nimzowitsch, Botvinnik and Kortchnoi in the old days. Nowadays players like Carlsen, So and Mamedyarov still use their ideas with success. People often ask, "does true love exist?" Well, Miedema and the French might be one of those rare examples. Fortunately the love has translated to countless novelties and fighting lines. This is his first volume on the French defence and his debut as an author.

Die Beitrage widmen sich der Sangspruchtradition vom Beginn bis zur meisterlichen Lieddichtung und zum Meistergesang und nahern sich ihr in kommunikationsgeschichtlicher Perspektive: Das aktuelle Paradigma der Performanz wird vom Minnesang auf die Schwestergattung ubertragen; Redepositionen, Geltungsanspruche und -strategien werden analysiert. Weiterhin werden die Spannungsfelder in den Blick genommen, in denen sich Sangspruchdichtung und Meistergesang bewegen; dies umfasst Wechselbeziehungen zu anderen Gattungen ebenso wie Affinitaten zu nichtliterarischen Diskursen.

Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus is characterized by the destruction of the host immune system as also reflected by a progressive loss of CD4-positive T-cells. This finally results in the host's incapacity to deal with opportunistic infections and the immune surveillance of tumors, a clinical status known as the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The book AIDS Pathogenesis provides the reader with a complete overview of the clinical course of HIV-1 infection. It describes the clinical aspects of primary infection, the different clinical outcomes of HIV-1 infection, and strategies for anti-viral treatment. In addition, more fundamental aspects of HIV-1 infection are reviewed. These include the biology of the virus and the novel insights in AIDS pathogenesis. Not only is the significance of an HIV-specific cellular and humoral immune response discussed, but also the possible incapacity of the adult human host to deal with T-cell destruction. Finally, the book discusses the currently used laboratory markers that allow for monitoring of the clinical course of infection.

Rapier fencing and duelling during the 16th and 17th centuries was dominated by the Italian masters, whose systems of sword fighting became increasingly sophisticated. Breaking away from this trend, Nicoletto Giganti developed something different: a frugal system of fencing that cut to the core of what a swordfight was and how to win it. Giganti's Scola overo Teatro, or The School of the Sword, became one of the most influential systems of fencing across Europe in the seventeenth century. In this remarkable new translation by historical fencing instructor and historian Aaron Taylor Miedema, author of Bayonets and Blobsticks, Giganti's work is presented fresh to the modern reader. Copiously illustrated with redrawings of dozens of Giganti's original plates, over 60 new photographs, and even a new plate, Giganti's detailed curriculum is augmented by comprehensive annotation and commentary. Regardless of whether you are a historian, a casual reader with an interest in the sword, or an accomplished swordsman, Nicoletto Giganti's The School of the Sword is a fascinating guide to the art of rapier fencing."

This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification: ++++ Bauke Saedsma En 't Wiif Of Hwer 't De Heechmoed Yen Ta Bringe Kin: Toaneelstik Yn Fjouwer Utkomsten M. Miedema R. Feenstra, 1891

For a long time, it has been accepted that the bayonet was an inadequate weapon in World War I - an anachronism, relied upon by foolish generals eager to relive the glories of the Napoleonic Wars while incapable of coming to terms with the modern battlefield and trench warfare. But was this the reality of the Western Front of the Great War, or a myth perpetuated by historians? In reality, the soldiers of World War I seemed oblivious to what appears so obvious to critics ninety years removed. They quite liked their bayonets, and they used them - often. In this fascinating and provocative study, Aaron Taylor Miedema takes a new look at the role of the bayonet and shock tactics on the Western front. Through the experience of the Canadian Corps - the British shock troops of the Western Front - he challenges the conventional view of the bayonet as an obsolete weapon system and rekindles the controversial debate over technologies, old and new, on the field of battle.

Slow Reading examines the research in voluntary slow reading, from the earliest references in religion and philosophy, to the practice of close reading in the humanities, and the recent swell of interest associated with the Slow Movement. It looks at the diverse angles from which slow reading has been approached in education, library sciences and media studies. Research in psychology and neurophysiology provides a tentative explanation for the ongoing role of slow reading. The theme of locality in the Slow Movement provides insight into the importance of physical location in our relationship with information. Most of all, Slow Reading represents a rediscovery of the pleasure of reading for its own sake.

It is said that Canada's birth as a nation took place on the battlefields of the Western Front in World War I. At places like Vimy Ridge and Passchendaele soldiers attacked from the trenches representing home provinces such as Quebec, Alberta, and Ontario, and returned as proud and triumphant Canadians. Canon Frederick George Scott was a witness to the whole of this transformation. A chaplain of the Canadian Corps from the beginning of the war to its end, Canon Scott s account is a breathtaking and heartbreaking memoir of one of the greatest wars in history, the Canadians who fought in it, and the birth of a nation.