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Shariah governance assumes the primary instrument through which
Islamic Banking Institutions (IBIs) ensure the Islamicity of their
products, services, operations, and internal environments. It is
considered to be one the fundamental elements that differentiates
IBIs from their traditional counterparts. This book provides a
critical overview of the key aspects pertaining to Shariah
governance within Islamic financial institutions and presents a
detailed analysis of its conceptual background. The authors have
identified the unique issues, which have emerged as a result of the
integration of Shariah, namely the involvement of the Shariah
supervisory board (SSB), in the corporate governance arrangements
of Islamic banks. These issues relate to disclosure, transparency,
independency, consistency, confidentiality, competency, and
reputation. The book details the doctrines of Shariah
pronouncements in Islamic banks, the importance of having a central
advisory board at a regulatory level in the standardization of
Islamic banking practices, as well as the competence required for
Shariah supervisory board members. It provides a critical analysis
of the Shariah governance framework in Pakistan and introduces the
authors' vision of an ideal Shariah governance framework.
Furthermore, the chapters offer guidance in promoting effective
policies for improving Shariah governance. This is one of the core
challenges facing Islamic banks, namely, to ensure compliance with
the faith and provide legitimacy to the business of Islamic Banking
Institutions and as such, the book will appeal to both the research
and professional community.
1. Offers a fresh and positive alternative to the usual crisis
management approach to managing social media storms 2. Theoretical
grounding and empirical research is illustrated by real life global
cases from across industries throughout each chapter 3. Addresses
one of the hottest topics in the areas of digital and social media
marketing, which are taught extensively at both undergraduate and
postgraduate levels globally
1. Offers a fresh and positive alternative to the usual crisis
management approach to managing social media storms 2. Theoretical
grounding and empirical research is illustrated by real life global
cases from across industries throughout each chapter 3. Addresses
one of the hottest topics in the areas of digital and social media
marketing, which are taught extensively at both undergraduate and
postgraduate levels globally
This book discusses the smooth integration of optical and RF
networks in 5G and beyond (5G+) heterogeneous networks (HetNets),
covering both planning and operational aspects. The integration of
high-frequency air interfaces into 5G+ wireless networks can
relieve the congested radio frequency (RF) bands. Visible light
communication (VLC) is now emerging as a promising candidate for
future generations of HetNets. Heterogeneous RF-optical networks
combine the high throughput of visible light and the high
reliability of RF. However, when implementing these HetNets in
mobile scenarios, several challenges arise from both planning and
operational perspectives. Since the mmWave, terahertz, and visible
light bands share similar wave propagation characteristics, the
concepts presented here can be broadly applied in all such bands.
To facilitate the planning of RF-optical HetNets, the authors
present an algorithm that specifies the joint optimal densities of
the base stations by drawing on stochastic geometry in order to
satisfy the users' quality-of-service (QoS) demands with minimum
network power consumption. From an operational perspective, the
book explores vertical handovers and multi-homing using a
cooperative framework. For vertical handovers, it employs a
data-driven approach based on deep neural networks to predict
abrupt optical outages; and, on the basis of this prediction,
proposes a reinforcement learning strategy that ensures minimal
network latency during handovers. In terms of multi-homing support,
the authors examine the aggregation of the resources from both
optical and RF networks, adopting a two-timescale multi-agent
reinforcement learning strategy for optimal power allocation.
Presenting comprehensive planning and operational strategies, the
book allows readers to gain an in-depth grasp of how to integrate
future coexisting networks at high-frequency bands in a cooperative
manner, yielding reliable and high-speed 5G+ HetNets.
Cancer is a multifaceted and genomically complex disease and data
obtained through high throughput technologies has provided near
complete resolution of the landscape of how genomic, genetic and
epigenetic mutations in cancerous cells effectively influence
homeostasis of signaling networks within these cells, between
cancerous cells, tumor microenvironment and at the organ level.
Increasingly sophisticated information has helped us in developing
a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of cancer, and
it is now known that intra-tumor genetic heterogeneity, cellular
plasticity, dysregulation of spatio-temporally controlled signaling
cascades, and loss of apoptosis are contributory in cancer
development, progression and the development of resistance against
different therapeutics. It is becoming progressively more
understandable that earlier detection of pre-existing or emerging
resistance against different therapeutics may prove to be helpful
in personalizing the use of targeted cancer therapy. Despite the
fact that there is a continuously increasing list of books, being
guest edited by researchers, books on the subject are often
composed of invited reviews without proper sequence and continuity
and designed for a particular readership. This book progressively
shifts and guides the readers from basic underlying mechanisms to
translational approaches to treat cancer.
Cancer is a multifaceted and genomically complex disease and data
obtained through high throughput technologies has provided near
complete resolution of the landscape of how genomic, genetic and
epigenetic mutations in cancerous cells effectively influence
homeostasis of signaling networks within these cells, between
cancerous cells, tumor microenvironment and at the organ level.
Increasingly sophisticated information has helped us in developing
a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of cancer, and
it is now known that intra-tumor genetic heterogeneity, cellular
plasticity, dysregulation of spatio-temporally controlled signaling
cascades, and loss of apoptosis are contributory in cancer
development, progression and the development of resistance against
different therapeutics. It is becoming progressively more
understandable that earlier detection of pre-existing or emerging
resistance against different therapeutics may prove to be helpful
in personalizing the use of targeted cancer therapy. Despite the
fact that there is a continuously increasing list of books, being
guest edited by researchers, books on the subject are often
composed of invited reviews without proper sequence and continuity
and designed for a particular readership. This book progressively
shifts and guides the readers from basic underlying mechanisms to
translational approaches to treat cancer.
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Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks - 10th International Conference, CROWNCOM 2015, Doha, Qatar, April 21-23, 2015, Revised Selected Papers (Paperback, 1st ed. 2015)
Mark Weichold, Mounir Hamdi, Muhammad Zeeshan Shakir, Mohamed Abd Allah, George K. Karagiannidis, …
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R1,719
Discovery Miles 17 190
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Ships in 10 - 15 working days
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This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference
proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Cognitive Radio
Oriented Wireless Networks, CROWNCOM 2015, held in Doha, Qatar, in
April 2015. The 66 revised full papers presented were carefully
reviewed and selected from 110 submissions and cover the evolution
of cognitive radio technology pertaining to 5G networks. The papers
are clustered to topics on dynamic spectrum access/management,
networking protocols for CR, modeling and theory, HW architecture
and implementations, next generation of cognitive networks,
standards and business models, and emerging applications for
cognitive networks.
This brief focuses on radio resource allocation in a heterogeneous
wireless medium. It presents radio resource allocation algorithms
with decentralized implementation, which support both
single-network and multi-homing services. The brief provides a set
of cooperative networking algorithms, which rely on the concepts of
short-term call traffic load prediction, network cooperation,
convex optimization, and decomposition theory. In the proposed
solutions, mobile terminals play an active role in the resource
allocation operation, instead of their traditional role as passive
service recipients in the networking environment.
This book focuses on the emerging research topic "green (energy
efficient) wireless networks" which has drawn huge attention
recently from both academia and industry. This topic is highly
motivated due to important environmental, financial, and
quality-of-experience (QoE) considerations. Specifically, the high
energy consumption of the wireless networks manifests in
approximately 2% of all CO2 emissions worldwide. This book presents
the authors’ visions and solutions for deployment of energy
efficient (green) heterogeneous wireless communication networks.
The book consists of three major parts. The first part provides an
introduction to the "green networks" concept, the second part
targets the green multi-homing resource allocation problem, and the
third chapter presents a novel deployment of device-to-device (D2D)
communications and its successful integration in Heterogeneous
Networks (HetNets). The book is novel in that it specifically
targets green networking in a heterogeneous wireless medium, which
represents the current and future wireless communication medium
faced by the existing and next generation communication networks.
The book focuses on multi-homing resource allocation, exploiting
network cooperation, and integrating different and new network
technologies (radio frequency and VLC), expanding the network
coverage and integrating new device centric communication paradigms
such as D2D Communications. Whilst the book discusses a significant
research topic supported with advanced mathematical analysis, the
resulting algorithms and solutions are explained and summarized in
a way that is easy to follow and grasp. This book is suitable for
networking and telecommunications engineers, researchers in
industry and academia, as well as students and instructors.
This book discusses the smooth integration of optical and RF
networks in 5G and beyond (5G+) heterogeneous networks (HetNets),
covering both planning and operational aspects. The integration of
high-frequency air interfaces into 5G+ wireless networks can
relieve the congested radio frequency (RF) bands. Visible light
communication (VLC) is now emerging as a promising candidate for
future generations of HetNets. Heterogeneous RF-optical networks
combine the high throughput of visible light and the high
reliability of RF. However, when implementing these HetNets in
mobile scenarios, several challenges arise from both planning and
operational perspectives. Since the mmWave, terahertz, and visible
light bands share similar wave propagation characteristics, the
concepts presented here can be broadly applied in all such bands.
To facilitate the planning of RF-optical HetNets, the authors
present an algorithm that specifies the joint optimal densities of
the base stations by drawing on stochastic geometry in order to
satisfy the users' quality-of-service (QoS) demands with minimum
network power consumption. From an operational perspective, the
book explores vertical handovers and multi-homing using a
cooperative framework. For vertical handovers, it employs a
data-driven approach based on deep neural networks to predict
abrupt optical outages; and, on the basis of this prediction,
proposes a reinforcement learning strategy that ensures minimal
network latency during handovers. In terms of multi-homing support,
the authors examine the aggregation of the resources from both
optical and RF networks, adopting a two-timescale multi-agent
reinforcement learning strategy for optimal power allocation.
Presenting comprehensive planning and operational strategies, the
book allows readers to gain an in-depth grasp of how to integrate
future coexisting networks at high-frequency bands in a cooperative
manner, yielding reliable and high-speed 5G+ HetNets.
It has been noted that non-response creates problem mostly in all
types of surveys and this cannot be eliminated by simply increasing
the sample size. Non-response may be non-ignorable or ignorable
which depends whether it is correlated with the target variable or
not Little (1982) and Glynn, Laird and Rubin, (1993)]. Non-response
is caused when surveying human population hesitates to respond in
surveys and this is increased when sensitive issues are discussed
in surveys. It has been observed that non-response increases bias
in estimates which is main reason of reducing efficiency of the
surveys. Many methods have been considered by different survey
statisticians for estimating the population characteristics in the
presence of non-response for two-phase sampling. In this aspect the
sub-sampling method has been a popular one.
Developing countries often have trouble implementing environmental
regulations devised by developed countries because standards are
too strict, change too quickly, and are not always clearly
supported by scientific evidence. The general cost of
implementation is also a major barrier. The purpose of this
dissertation is to examine the needs and concerns of developing
countries especially Pakistan in the realm of environmental law.
The pros and cons of this research and venture are compiled in the
form of book comprising; firstly brief introduction of problems
faced by developing countries in implementing environmental laws
and development of environmental laws in Pakistan. Secondly,
critical scenario of environmental legislation in Pakistan, thirdly
legal challenges faced by developing countries in environmental
management and enforcement of the laws in different sectors,
fourthly conclusion and recommendations for the improvement of
environmental conditions in Pakistan and finally highlighting the
ultimate solution as bona fide conclusion. In Pakistan there are
realms of laws protecting the environment which go no further than
the statute book.
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