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This volume explores "performative linguistic space", namely a
space which ushers or hinders linguistic practices. Space is made
productive as a result of individuals who bring linguistic politics
from diverse spaces into new ones. By moving away from the notions
of discrete units of language and linguistic communities associated
with a specific space, this volume suggests a fluid productive
aspect of space. It goes beyond the assumed space-linguistic
community association through ethnographic accounts that mediate
linguistic anthropology, cultural geography, sociolinguistics, and
deaf studies.
Written for study abroad practitioners, this book introduces
theoretical understandings of key study abroad terms including "the
global/national," "culture," "native speaker," "immersion," and
"host society." Building theories on these notions with
perspectives from cultural anthropology, political science,
educational studies, linguistics, and narrative studies, it
suggests ways to incorporate them in study abroad practices.
Through attention to daily activities via the concept of immersion,
it reframes study abroad not as an encounter with cultural others
but as an occasion to analyze constructions of "differences" in
daily life, backgrounded by structural arrangements.
This book investigates the ways in which 'language' and 'culture'
come to be standardized through ideology, representation in
textbooks and in classroom practices. In doing so, it provides
insights into the standardization processes which address the
theoretical and practical concerns of researchers and educators.
The cases that this book illustrate a wide range of Japanese
language/culture standardization processes in numerous contexts:
translation in Meiji-era Japan, the ideologies of the
standardization of regional dialects in Japan, practices in college
Japanese-as-a-Foreign-Language classrooms in the United States,
discourses in journals of Japanese language education, and
classroom practices in nursery and primary schools in Japan. Japan
has undergone extensive standardization in terms of its culture and
language to such a degree that they are commonly believed to be
homogeneous, providing an important case for a study of
standardization. Few such studies have been published in English,
making this book all the more important.
The "native speaker" is often thought of as an ideal language user
with "a complete and possibly innate competence in the language"
which is perceived as being bounded and fixed to a homogeneous
speech community and linked to a nation-state. Despite recent works
that challenge its empirical accuracy and theoretical utility, the
notion of the "native speaker" is still prevalent today. The Native
Speaker Concept shifts the analytical focus from the second
language acquisition processes and teaching practices to daily
interactions situated in wider sociocultural and political contexts
marked by increased global movements of people and multilingual
situations. Using an ethnographic approach, the volume critically
elucidates the political nature of (not) claiming the "native
speaker" status in daily life and the ways the ideology of "native
speaker" intersects and articulates, supports, subverts, or
complicates various relations of dominance and regimes of
standardization. The book offers cases from diverse settings,
including classrooms in Japan, a coffee shop in Barcelona,
secondary schools in South Africa, a backyard in Rapa Nui (Easter
Island), restaurant kitchens, a high school administrator's office,
a college classroom in the United States, and the Internet. It also
offers a genealogy of the notion of the "native speaker" from the
time of the Roman Empire. Employing linguistic, anthropological and
educational theories, the volume speaks not only to the analyses of
language use and language policy, planning, and teaching, but also
to the investigation of wider effects of language ideology on
relations of dominance, and institutional and discursive practices.
Investigating the politics of seeing and its effects, this book
draws on Slavoj Zizek's notion of fetish and Walter Benjamin's
notion of the optical unconscious to offer newer concepts: "tinted
glasses", through which we see the world; "unit-thinking", which
renders the world as consisting of discrete units; and "coherants",
which help fragmented experiences cohere into something
intelligible. Examining experiences at a Japanese heritage language
school, a study-abroad trip to Sierra Leone, as well as in college
classrooms, this book reveals the workings of unit-thinking and
fetishism in diverse contexts and explores possibilities for social
change.
What draws people to study abroad or volunteer in far-off
communities? Often the answer is romance - the romance of
landscapes, people, languages, the very sense of border-crossing -
and longing for liberation, attraction to the unknown, yearning to
make a difference. This volume explores the complicated and often
fraught desires to study and volunteer abroad. In doing so, the
book sheds light on how affect is managed by educators and
mobilized by students and volunteers themselves, and how these
structures of feeling relate to broader social and economic forces.
Written for study abroad practitioners, this book introduces
theoretical understandings of key study abroad terms including "the
global/national," "culture," "native speaker," "immersion," and
"host society." Building theories on these notions with
perspectives from cultural anthropology, political science,
educational studies, linguistics, and narrative studies, it
suggests ways to incorporate them in study abroad practices.
Through attention to daily activities via the concept of immersion,
it reframes study abroad not as an encounter with cultural others
but as an occasion to analyze constructions of "differences" in
daily life, backgrounded by structural arrangements.
What draws people to study abroad or volunteer in far-off
communities? Often the answer is romance - the romance of
landscapes, people, languages, the very sense of border-crossing -
and longing for liberation, attraction to the unknown, yearning to
make a difference. This volume explores the complicated and often
fraught desires to study and volunteer abroad. In doing so, the
book sheds light on how affect is managed by educators and
mobilized by students and volunteers themselves, and how these
structures of feeling relate to broader social and economic forces.
School differentiates students-and provides differential access to
various human and material resources-along a range of axes: from
elected subjects and academic "achievement" to ethnicity, age,
gender, or the language they speak. These categorizations, affected
throughout the world by neoliberal reforms that prioritize market
forces in transforming educational institutions, are especially
stark in societies that recognize their bi- or multicultural makeup
through bilingual education. A small town in Aotearoa/New Zealand,
with its contemporary shift toward official biculturalism and
extensive free-marketization of schooling, is a prime example. Set
in the microcosm of a secondary school with a bilingual program,
this important volume closely examines not only the implications of
categorizing individuals in ethnic terms in their everyday life but
also the shapes and meaning of education within the discourse of
academic achievement. It is an essential resource for those
interested in bilingual education and its effects on the formations
of subjectivities, ethnic relations, and nationhood.
What happens when a group of people see things that others do not
and begin acting accordingly? The Augmented Reality of Pokemon GO:
Chronotopes, Moral Panic, and Other Complexities explores this
question by examining what happened after Pokemon GO, a smartphone
augmented reality game, was released in July, 2016. The game
overlaid the world of Pokemon onto the "real" physical world,
drawing 30 million players in the first two weeks. Pokemon GO has
created new ways of sensing the environment, reading things around
us, walking the street, and dwelling in certain areas, i.e.,
inhabiting the world. Through detailed text analyses of the game
and auto-ethnographies of the contributing authors' experiences
playing the game analyzed from anthropological perspectives, this
volume provides nuanced analyses of this new way of relating to the
world: the augmented reality world of Pokemon GO. Each chapter
focuses on specific aspects of this new experience of the world:
the cosmology of the world of Pokemon and the multifaceted ways we
relate to our environment through Pokemon GO; the notion of space
and time in Pokemon GO and its interface with that of real world as
it guides our actions; the phenomenology of Pokemon GO in urban
walking with its complex relationships to public space, "nature" as
constructed through modernity, cell phone infrastructure, and urban
landscapes where insects, animals, birds, human, history,
transportation infrastructure, and trash all intermingle to create
its ambiance; and the game's link to the wider social issue as it
gets appropriated for "friendly authoritarian" goals of civil
society, imposing various ideologies and accruing commercial gains.
Through "participant observation" -all contributors have been avid
Pokemon GO players themselves-this volume offers snapshots of the
Pokemon GO effect from its initial stage as a social phenomenon to
Spring 2018.
What sets study abroad apart from tourism? Both study abroad and
mass tourism are experiencing rapid growth in the international
market-with study abroad increasingly serving as an integral
component of the "university experience"-and both call on the same
sorts of processes and infrastructures. Yet study abroad promoters
often promise that student travel will not be a tourist experience
but something deeper, more educational and engaging-an antidote to
typical tourism. But as study abroad becomes both democratized and
bureaucratized in the modern neoliberal university, what was once
considered a cosmopolitan "anti-tourism" experience has
progressively taken on the trappings of modern mass tourism:
shorter, pre-programed, standardized and heavily-marketed. With
contributions from anthropologists and cultural theorists who have
deep ties to study abroad programs, Study Abroad and the Quest for
an Anti-Tourism Experience examines the culture and cultural
implications of student travel. Drawing on rich case studies from
the Arctic to Africa, Asia to the Americas, this impressive array
of experts focuses on challenges and ethical implications of
student engagement, service and volunteering, immersion,
student-faculty research collaborations in the field, local
community impacts, and the impetus to craft a new generation of
active, engaged global citizens. This volume is a must-read for
students interested in study abroad, practitioners designing
high-impact educational experiences away from their host
institutions, and scholars who wish to explore the
interrelationship between study abroad, tourism and anti-tourism
movements.
What happens when a group of people see things that others do not
and begin acting accordingly? The Augmented Reality of Pokemon GO:
Chronotopes, Moral Panic, and Other Complexities explores this
question by examining what happened after Pokemon GO, a smartphone
augmented reality game, was released in July, 2016. The game
overlaid the world of Pokemon onto the "real" physical world,
drawing 30 million players in the first two weeks. Pokemon GO has
created new ways of sensing the environment, reading things around
us, walking the street, and dwelling in certain areas, i.e.,
inhabiting the world. Through detailed text analyses of the game
and auto-ethnographies of the contributing authors' experiences
playing the game analyzed from anthropological perspectives, this
volume provides nuanced analyses of this new way of relating to the
world: the augmented reality world of Pokemon GO. Each chapter
focuses on specific aspects of this new experience of the world:
the cosmology of the world of Pokemon and the multifaceted ways we
relate to our environment through Pokemon GO; the notion of space
and time in Pokemon GO and its interface with that of real world as
it guides our actions; the phenomenology of Pokemon GO in urban
walking with its complex relationships to public space, "nature" as
constructed through modernity, cell phone infrastructure, and urban
landscapes where insects, animals, birds, human, history,
transportation infrastructure, and trash all intermingle to create
its ambiance; and the game's link to the wider social issue as it
gets appropriated for "friendly authoritarian" goals of civil
society, imposing various ideologies and accruing commercial gains.
Through "participant observation" -all contributors have been avid
Pokemon GO players themselves-this volume offers snapshots of the
Pokemon GO effect from its initial stage as a social phenomenon to
Spring 2018.
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