The 1980s have witnessed the mass migration of developing countries and the erstwhile socialist nations to market-based economic systems. The reality is that limited finance has been a formidable barrier to these countries' growth and development. Moreover, they need to rely on their internal sources as external funds are not easily forthcoming. This book identifies four sources of internal finance--tax policies, capital markets, specialized financial institutions (such as development banks), and privatization of the public sector. It examines the conceptual foundations, operating and theoretical issues, as well as strategic considerations relating to these sources.

In Part I, Kumar surveys and synthesizes theories of economic development and growth. He concludes by pointing out that these theories have ignored the importance of financial factors, i.e. markets and institutions. Part II, which relates to the internal sources of development finance, begins by examining tax policies. The author surveys the conceptual foundations of financial intermediation and then examines the role of capital markets and specialized financial institutions. Finally, the privatization of the public sector is seen as a special case of intermediation. The book clearly identifies the interrelationships among the internal sources of finance. Efficient financial intermediation is seen as the key to the growth and development of these nations. Ideal as a required text in courses in development finance and economics, this book is an important resource for consultants, professionals in the field of development, and government officials.

CLIMATE IMPACTS ON SUSTAINABLE NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Climate change has emerged as one of the predominant global concerns of the 21st century. Statistics show that the average surface temperature of the Earth has increased by about 1.18 DegreesC since the late 19th century and the sea levels are rising due to the melting of glaciers. Further rise in the global temperature will have dire consequences for the survival of humans on the planet Earth. There is a need to monitor climatic data and associated drivers of changes to develop sustainable planning. The anthropogenic activities that are linked to climate change need scientific evaluation and must be curtailed before it is too late. This book contributes significantly in the field of sustainable natural resource management linked to climate change. Up to date research findings from developing and developed countries like India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Sri Lanka and the USA have been presented through selected case studies covering different thematic areas. The book has been organised into six major themes of sustainable natural resource management, determinants of forest productivity, agriculture and climate change, water resource management and riverine health, climate change threat on natural resources, and linkages between natural resources and biotic-abiotic stressors to develop the concept and to present the findings in a way that is useful for a wide range of readers. While the range of applications and innovative techniques is constantly increasing, this book provides a summary of findings to provide the updated information. This book will be of interest to researchers and practitioners in the field of environmental sciences, remote sensing, geographical information system, meteorology, sociology and policy studies related to natural resource management and climate change.

Sustainable Agriculture Systems and Technologies A robust treatment of traditional and new techniques in sustainable agriculture In Sustainable Agriculture Systems and Technologies, a team of distinguished researchers delivers an up-to-date and comprehensive exploration of sustainable agriculture and its relationship to the drivers of climate change. Along with robust examinations of food security and the agrarian livelihood, the book covers the impact of climate change and variability on agriculture, water management in agricultural systems, and precision agriculture. This book represents a significant contribution to the scientific understanding of the application of technologies that address food insecurity and climate change through sustainable productivity, system diversification, irrigation practices, crop modeling, data analytics, and agricultural policy. It also explores the risks and benefits of different agricultural systems under changing climate scenarios. The book also offers: A thorough introduction to agriculture and food security, including the diversification of ecosystems and the impact of Covid-19 lockdowns on food security and smallholder agricultural systems Comprehensive explorations of crop diversification and the impacts of climate variability on food security in Indonesia Practical discussions of water conservation agriculture and the quality of irrigation water for sustainable agriculture development in India In-depth examinations of geoinformatics, artificial intelligence, sensor technology, and big data Perfect for academics, scientists, environmentalists, and environmental consultants, Sustainable Agriculture Systems and Technologies will also earn a place in the libraries of computing experts working in the field of agricultural science.

This book has been documented with the aim to include those fundamentals of 'Hydraulic Machines' which are necessary at graduate level engineering courses of any University. Basic hydraulics is extensively used in various applications in industry, construction, mining and marine engineering. The subject is part of graduate level engineering courses in mechanical, civil, mining, and marine engineering studies worldwide. Most of the literature, however, is either written with a commercial objective to promote the sale of the manufacturers or is theoretically too advanced for comprehension by graduate level engineering students. The rapid advancement in design, miniaturization, metallurgy, and hydraulic fluid characteristics has stimulated the demand for an elementary book, explaining fundamentals. Readers are supposed to be familiar with the elementary fluid mechanics, and basics of gears, piston, crank, and different levers. This book includes those fundamentals of fluid transmission of power that are necessary in graduate mechanical engineering, civil engineering, mining engineering, and marine engineering courses of any university.

Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. THE MOST COMPREHENSIVE AND CURRENT GUIDE TO THE PROPERTIES, BEHAVIOR, AND TECHNOLOGY OF CONCRETEThis thoroughly updated edition contains new information on: Recently built construction projects worldwide Shrinkage-reducing admixtures Self-consolidating concrete, pervious concrete, internal curing, and other cutting-edge innovations Modeling of ice formation and alkali-aggregate reaction in concrete Environmental impact of concrete Each chapter begins with a preview of the contents and ends with a self-test and a guide for further reading. More than 300 drawings and photographs illustrate the topics discussed in this definitive text on concrete. Comprehensive coverage includes: Microstructure of concrete Strength Dimensional stability Durability Hydraulic cements Aggregates Admixtures Proportioning concrete mixtures Concrete at early age Nondestructive methods Progress in concrete technology Advances in concrete mechanics Global warming and concrete in the future