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The first railway to penetrate Sussex was the Brighton Line of the
LBSCR. From this beginning, lines spread out along the coast. Over
the succeeding years further lines stretched across out the rest of
the county, all built by the 'Brighton', which was by far the
dominant railway company in the area and established a major works
at Brighton. The company, however, didn't have it all its own way.
In the south-west corner the LSWR penetrated as far as Midhurst,
and in the east the SECR had the fastest route to Hastings.
Branching off this line at Robertsbridge was the Kent & East
Sussex. There were also two of Colonel Stephens' rather
idiosyncratic railways in the county: The Rye & Camber Tramway,
and The West Sussex Railway. The story of the growth and
development of the railways of Sussex, and in some cases their
demise, is told here.
1980 to 1995 was an extraordinary time for the railways of Britain,
especially the freight sector. In 1980 there was a unified,
monochrome railway. Freight traffic was still abundant, with
marshalling yards active and many branch lines still operating.
There were hundreds of collieries. In the early 1980s,
Sectorisation arrived. The freight division was separated from the
passenger side and further sub-divided into different freight
sectors. New locomotives were introduced, and the older types
started to disappear. As the eighties progressed, the freight
sector was constantly changing. The mixed freight train became a
thing of the past but new traffic flows developed, particularly in
containers and aggregates. The coal sector steadily declined and
branch lines became disused. In the early nineties three new
freight companies were created in anticipation of privatisation and
then finally privatisation itself arrived, with all freight traffic
being taken over by an American company. It was a period of
enormous change and adaptation, and the story is told here through
the images of two photographers who were keen observers of the
railway scene throughout the whole of this fascinating period.
England's second largest county contains a wealth of railway
history. The county was dominated by two companies - the Great
Central in the north and the Great Northern in the centre and
south. The county was also penetrated by the Midland Railway and
there were no fewer than three joint lines. In the south the
Midland & Great Northern Joint passed through from west to
east, while the Great Northern & Great Eastern Joint ran north
to south. In the far north-west of the county was the Isle of
Axholme Railway, jointly owned by the North Eastern and the
Lancashire & Yorkshire. The East Coast Main Line passes through
the west of the county and this stretch includes the major railway
centre of Grantham and Stoke Bank, where Mallard made its
record-breaking run. Other important railway junctions are
Sleaford, Boston, Spalding and Lincoln. On the coast are the
seaside towns of Skegness, Mablethorpe, Sutton and Cleethorpes,
which in the tourist season would see the arrival by train of
thousands of holidaymakers. Further north is Grimsby, which
provided numerous fish trains. So important was this traffic that
the Great Central had a class of engine commonly used on these
trains known as 'Fish Engines'. Next comes the important port of
Immingham, Britain's busiest, which sees some 240 train movements
per week. On the north Lincolnshire coast is New Holland, from
where the railway-owned ferry used to cross to Hull. Further west
is the steel-making town of Scunthorpe, which has its own railway
system and is another important customer of the railway. There were
other railways too: the Immingham Electric Railway, the Alford
steam tram, and the potato railways - one system of which extended
to more than twenty miles. RAF Cranwell had its own branch line.
There are three tourist railways, one standard gauge and two narrow
gauge. Using a wealth of rare and previously unseen photographs,
Patrick Bennett documents Lincolnshire's railways.
The pre-Grouping Companies were fiercely competitive and would
defend any incursion by another company penetrating what they
considered to be their ‘territories’. Nevertheless, at times
they would cooperate. This cooperation resulted in a large number
of Joint lines. These Joint lines ranged from fully independent
operations, complete with their own staffs, locomotives and rolling
stock, to short lengths of railway used by the Joint companies, the
cost of maintenance of which was shared. There were more than
seventy of these Joint lines, and all feature in this series by
popular railway author Patrick Bennett. This volume focuses on
those found in Scotland the North of England.
Times were tough in the thirties, and tough guys chronicled the era
in newspapers, short stories, and novels in prose that was terse,
hard-boiled, bleak. One such writer was a Texan named Edward
Anderson.
"Rough and Rowdy Ways" is the story of Edward Anderson, primarily
in what were, ironically, his golden years--the Great Depression.
The laconic loner hopped freights, wrote two proletarian novels of
the social underclass, looked for inspiration in a shot glass, and
mixed with Hollywood celebrities while employed as a screenwriter
for Paramount Pictures and Warner Brothers.
When the thirties ended, the hard-times storytelling that was
Anderson's genius went out of style, and his family suffered the
effects of his rejection slips, unemployment, and alcoholism.
Attracted to theoretical aspects of fascism, anti-Semitism, and
Swedenborgianism, Anderson became an eccentric unpopular among
intellectuals as well as the poor folk whose plight he had sketched
too well in prose. He died in Brownsville, Texas, in 1969, leaving
a legacy of shattered relationships and two whole, well-crafted
novels of a distinctive literary genre and historical era
Texas has a whole remuda of writers, some native-born and
Texas-raised and some immigrants to the state. They range from
poets and playwrights to newspapermen and novelists. Pat Bennett
has rounded up twelve of the most respected of them to discuss
their work and their opinions about Texas writing and literature in
general.
A. C. Greene is fascinated by characters who have a flaw they just
can't overcome. Though Elmer Kelton reads widely when he can, he
concentrates on specific research when working on a project.
Frances Mossiker says that she struggles hard to give each person
in her books a distinct voice. Leon Hale claims he doesn't mind
being criticized occasionally, "Just so long as they don't get too
close to the truth." These are just a few of the insights into the
minds of Texas writers that these conversations provide.
Others who contribute their views are Larry McMurtry, John Graves,
Max Apple, Shelby Hearon, Preston Jones, Tom Lea, William Goyen,
and Larry King, but since they all talk about the work of many
colleagues, the scope of the book is not limited to this particular
dozen.
Readers of Texas writing as well as anyone interested in literature
will value the light these interviews shed on the work of those
authors they have read and will be stimulated to sample the works
of those authors they have not.
Derbyshire is a county of contrasts, and the development of the
railways reflect this. In Limestone Country in the west the LNW
held sway with its railways from Ashbourne and Cromford to Buxton
involved in the extraction of limestone. Meanwhile, in the east of
the county, no fewer than four different companies fought over the
lucrative business of coal carrying in the huge North Midlands
Coalfield. From the historic railway town of Derby, the Midland
Railway had routes south to London, west to Birmingham and north to
Sheffield. In the north of the county was the MR's Hope Valley
route, which included two of the longest tunnels in Britain.
Further north still was the Great Central's Woodhead route carving
its way through the gritstone. Altogether no fewer than six railway
companies were represented in the county, including the Great
Northern penetrating from the east, the North Staffordshire in the
south-west and the Lancashire, Derbyshire & East Coast Railway
with its transversal Chesterfield-Lincoln line. A complex but
fascinating story, told using previously unpublished photographs,
this book charts the development of the county's railways from the
earliest days.
No fewer than sixteen pre-grouping companies were represented
within Cumbria's borders, seven of these in Carlisle alone. To the
east of the mountains are the great Anglo-Scottish lines of the
London and North Western and the Midland. Venturing across the
Pennines were the transversal routes of the North Eastern Railway,
from Newcastle to Carlisle, and Darlington to Tebay and Penrith.
The Cumbrian coast presents a completely different picture. Here
the multiple competing companies were concerned principally with
the transport of coal and mineral ores to serve the huge industrial
complexes to the west and south. The two principal coastal lines
were the Maryport and Carlisle in the north and the Furness in the
west and south. In the Whitehaven/Workington hinterland there was a
number of other railways, all concerned with mineral extraction and
transport. Lines penetrating the interior of the Lake District were
the Coniston, Lakeside and Windermere branches and the Cockermouth,
Keswick & Penrith Railway that crossed the Lake District from
west to east. In the north were the Caledonian with its main line
to Carlisle and the short-lived Solway Junction Railway, and the
North British with the Waverley, Port Carlisle, and Silloth lines.
The Glasgow and South Western also ran trains into Glasgow. The
history, development, and in some cases closure of each of these
lines is described in turn, illustrated with a selection of
photographs from different periods in their history.
The railway in 1980 had not changed much since the 1960s. There
were certainly no more steam locomotives, but passenger trains
consisted largely of carriages hauled by locomotives, which had
mostly been constructed in the 1950s or early 1960s. Secondary
services were provided by various types of multiple units from the
same era. Freight traffic was still buoyant and marshalling yards
busy. There were numerous freight branches and sidings. Traditional
signalling was still very much in evidence throughout the system,
even on some main lines. In 1980, BR was still one railway. All
this was about to change. Sectorisation arrived during the 1980s;
many freight traffics were lost, including newspapers and parcels.
Numerous freight branches and sidings went out of use. At the same
time new types of motive power were introduced, replacing the
former loco-hauled trains. Hundreds of traditional signal boxes
closed. Finally, in 1995, privatisation arrived. Focusing here on
the north of England and Scotland and utilising a wealth of
photographs and maps, together with comprehensive notes, this book
reflects the immense changes that took place in the railway scene
between 1980 and 1995.
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