In Nursing in an Integrated Digital World that Supports People, Systems, and the Planet, the leading-edge innovators in digital health applications, global thought leaders, and multinational, cooperative research initiatives are woven together against the backdrop of health equity and policy-setting bodies, such as the United Nations and the World Health Organization. As the authors prepared this book, the world is struggling with the core issues of access to care, access to needed medical equipment and supplies, and access to vaccines. This access theme is reflected throughout the policy and world health chapters with an emphasis on how this COVID-19 pandemic is exposing the fissures, divides, unfairness, and unpreparedness that are in play across our globe. Sustainability and global health policy are linked to the new digital technologies in the chapters that illustrate healthcare delivery modalities that nurse innovators are developing, leading, and using to deliver care to hard-to-reach populations for better population health. A trio of chapters focus on the underlying need for standards to underlie nursing care in order to capture the data needed to enable new science and knowledge discoveries. The authors give particular attention to the cautions, potential for harm, and biases that the artificial intelligence technologies of algorithms and machine learning pose in healthcare. Additionally, they have tapped legal experts to review the legal statues, government regulations, and civil rights law in place for patients' rights, privacy, and confidentiality, and consents for the United States, the United Kingdom, and the European Union. The book closes with a chapter written by the editors that envisions the near future-the impact that the new digital technologies will have on how care is delivered, expanding care settings into community and home, virtual monitoring, and patient generated data, as well as the numerous ways that nurses' roles and technology skill sets must increase to support the global goals of equal access to healthcare. Nursing and Informatics for the 21st Century - Embracing a Digital World, 3rd Edition is comprised of four books which can be purchased individually: Book 1: Realizing Digital Health - Bold Challenges and Opportunities for Nursing Book 2: Nursing Education and Digital Health Strategies Book 3: Innovation, Technology, and Applied Informatics for Nurses Book 4: Nursing in an Integrated Digital World that Supports People, Systems, and the Planet

In just the past decade, the emergence of digital health has finally become palpable. Enhanced by the pandemic, social justice events, and planetary health urgency, Realizing Digital Health - Bold Challenges and Opportunities for Nursing explores that evolution with a focus on capturing the current state of digital health. Anchored in an introduction to digital health, new technologies, opportunities, and challenges are described. Consideration of the opportunities and challenges of digital health calls for specific attention to ethical considerations. This book includes a current state synopsis of healthcare in the USA, with the inclusion of specific implications for nursing leaders and executives. Engagement of the people (patients, families, communities) working in partnership to enhance health is described. Information management and the necessary definition and access to data are discussed with a particular explication of the function of information management and operational decision-making. The challenges and learnings related to informatics drawn from the experiences of leaders in large health systems shed insight into the current state of informatics-enabled digital health and healthcare. The global example of the integration of technology, nursing, and health systems expands our knowledge of the current state as well as explores possibilities. This book concludes with a commitment to and description of the current state of teamwork and the integral role/functions within informatics, nursing, and healthcare. This book provides the reader with a succinct overview of digital technologies, a reality-anchored description of the current state in the USA and globally and highlights the core foundation and integration of informatics and information management. This book stimulates thought and actions to advance digital health within a full partnership among the people, organizations, systems, and global imperatives including planetary survival. This book lifts up the next era calling for full teamwork, collaboration, and partnership as we emerge into a true global community. Nursing and Informatics for the 21st Century - Embracing a Digital World, 3rd Edition is comprised of four books which can be purchased individually: Book 1: Realizing Digital Health - Bold Challenges and Opportunities for Nursing Book 2: Nursing Education and Digital Health Strategies Book 3: Innovation, Technology, and Applied Informatics for Nurses Book 4: Nursing in an Integrated Digital World that Supports People, Systems, and the Planet

Nursing Education and Digital Health Strategies explores the current state of health and healthcare education, as well as that of nursing informatics education. These topics include technologies-enabled education for all nurses and interprofessional collaborations from a worldwide perspective. The "New" learning for applied critical thinking will include technology, content, skills versus tools, and the use of "smart" systems for care delivery, the role of critical thinking, and uniqueness of nursing care delivery. Further, how these changes are understood as a paradigm shift that needs to be incorporated along with nursing and healthcare education is emphasized. The effects of technology on human behavior are also explored, addressing human-factors interaction, interdependence of human-computer interaction, and other effects of technology on wellbeing. As part of nursing education, learning from clients/patients to better shape and advance nursing education and scholarship are discussed. Academic-clinical practice partnerships for a digital future, how teams are working together (clinician/teacher) for better healthcare delivery and applied knowledge-including joint appointments (exchange of academia and applied expertise), academic-applied human resources, and interprofessional learning/development-are discussed. This book closes by discussing and using case studies to showcase nursing competencies for the next decade, implications for preparing the healthcare workforce for a digital world, faculty readiness, and the interaction with gaming and simulations. Nursing informatics education, including continuing education beyond academia, i.e., informal education, worldwide, as well as global challenges to support digital world capabilities are described. Hands-on Experiential Delivery and learning-based case studies are also included. Nursing and Informatics for the 21st Century - Embracing a Digital World, 3rd Edition is comprised of four books which can be purchased individually: Book 1: Realizing Digital Health - Bold Challenges and Opportunities for Nursing Book 2: Nursing Education and Digital Health Strategies Book 3: Innovation, Technology, and Applied Informatics for Nurses Book 4: Nursing in an Integrated Digital World that Supports People, Systems, and the Planet

Innovation, Technology, and Applied Informatics for Nurses explores informatics trends emerging over the next decade including personalized healthcare, telehealth, artificial intelligence, voice recognition, and predictive analytics. Emphasis is placed on their importance, benefits, and key challenges for nurses. Digital health and patient-generated data in the context of remote monitoring are highlighted with a focus on digital health tools, issues, challenges, and implications for the future. A featured case study includes the use of patient-generated data during the COVID-19 pandemic including critical lessons learned. A discussion of the technological building blocks of sensors and the Internet of Things highlights examples of how healthcare delivery system models of care are being transformed. Applied data science as an emerging healthcare discipline explores natural language processing, data science frameworks, implications for data bias, and ethical considerations. The conceptual building blocks of artificial intelligence and machine learning are outlined resulting in a call for all nurses to develop an improved understanding of implications for our practice and our patients. Telehealth is described as including modalities, services, virtual care, human factors, and financial, legal, and regulatory considerations. Key drivers and stakeholders advancing simulation-based care delivery are discussed including recommendations for how healthcare organizations can perform event simulation as they prepare to meet the risk management needs of the future. This book concludes by highlighting documentation best practices implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nursing and Informatics for the 21st Century - Embracing a Digital World, 3rd Edition is comprised of four books which can be purchased individually: Book 1: Realizing Digital Health - Bold Challenges and Opportunities for Nursing Book 2: Nursing Education and Digital Health Strategies Book 3: Innovation, Technology, and Applied Informatics for Nurses Book 4: Nursing in an Integrated Digital World that Supports People, Systems, and the Planet

In The Rhetoric and Medicalization of Pregnancy and Childbirth in Horror Films, Courtney Patrick-Weber argues that the medicalization of pregnancy and childbirth traumatizes pregnant people in a number of ways, even as many people believe the shift toward medicalization has improved conditions for pregnant people. Patrick-Weber analyzes a selection of horror films, including The Void and Black Christmas, to demonstrate not only evidence of this trauma on a visceral level, but also how horror films can reflect and contribute to cultural conversations surrounding pregnancy and childbirth. While horror films are often neglected as vital sources of intellect and analysis, many of these films use their subversive viewpoints on cultural issues to offer a unique perspective that can ultimately help to shape the way society views them. Patrick-Weber reminds us that pregnancy and childbirth can be traumatic events, both physically and emotionally, as she discusses the current conversations surrounding the issue and critiques the "advancement" of medicalization. Scholars of film studies, gender studies, rhetoric, and medicine may find this book particularly useful.

Contents:
List of Illustrations List of Maps Introduction: The Land and the People 1. Early History 2. The Emergence of the Afghan Kingdom 3. The Rise of Dost Mohammed 4. The First Anglo-Afghan War 5. Dost Mohammad and Sher Ali 6. The Second Anglo-Afghan War 7. Abdur Rahman, The 'Iron Amir' 8. Habibullah and the Politics of Neutrality 9. Amaah and the Drive for Modernisation 10. The Rule of the Brothers 11. Daoud: The First Decade 12. King Zahir and Cautious Constitutionalism 13. The Return of Daoud and the Saur Revolution 14. Khalq Rule and Soviet Invasion 15. Occupation and Resistance 16. Humiliation and Withdrawal 17. Civil War 18. Enter the Taliban 19. Afghanistan and the Wider World 20. The Taliban and the Future Appendix: The Durrani Dynasty Notes Bibliography Indexnull

Nursing Education and Digital Health Strategies explores the current state of health and healthcare education, as well as that of nursing informatics education. These topics include technologies-enabled education for all nurses and interprofessional collaborations from a worldwide perspective. The "New" learning for applied critical thinking will include technology, content, skills versus tools, and the use of "smart" systems for care delivery, the role of critical thinking, and uniqueness of nursing care delivery. Further, how these changes are understood as a paradigm shift that needs to be incorporated along with nursing and healthcare education is emphasized. The effects of technology on human behavior are also explored, addressing human-factors interaction, interdependence of human-computer interaction, and other effects of technology on wellbeing. As part of nursing education, learning from clients/patients to better shape and advance nursing education and scholarship are discussed. Academic-clinical practice partnerships for a digital future, how teams are working together (clinician/teacher) for better healthcare delivery and applied knowledge-including joint appointments (exchange of academia and applied expertise), academic-applied human resources, and interprofessional learning/development-are discussed. This book closes by discussing and using case studies to showcase nursing competencies for the next decade, implications for preparing the healthcare workforce for a digital world, faculty readiness, and the interaction with gaming and simulations. Nursing informatics education, including continuing education beyond academia, i.e., informal education, worldwide, as well as global challenges to support digital world capabilities are described. Hands-on Experiential Delivery and learning-based case studies are also included. Nursing and Informatics for the 21st Century - Embracing a Digital World, 3rd Edition is comprised of four books which can be purchased individually: Book 1: Realizing Digital Health - Bold Challenges and Opportunities for Nursing Book 2: Nursing Education and Digital Health Strategies Book 3: Innovation, Technology, and Applied Informatics for Nurses Book 4: Nursing in an Integrated Digital World that Supports People, Systems, and the Planet

Innovation, Technology, and Applied Informatics for Nurses explores informatics trends emerging over the next decade including personalized healthcare, telehealth, artificial intelligence, voice recognition, and predictive analytics. Emphasis is placed on their importance, benefits, and key challenges for nurses. Digital health and patient-generated data in the context of remote monitoring are highlighted with a focus on digital health tools, issues, challenges, and implications for the future. A featured case study includes the use of patient-generated data during the COVID-19 pandemic including critical lessons learned. A discussion of the technological building blocks of sensors and the Internet of Things highlights examples of how healthcare delivery system models of care are being transformed. Applied data science as an emerging healthcare discipline explores natural language processing, data science frameworks, implications for data bias, and ethical considerations. The conceptual building blocks of artificial intelligence and machine learning are outlined resulting in a call for all nurses to develop an improved understanding of implications for our practice and our patients. Telehealth is described as including modalities, services, virtual care, human factors, and financial, legal, and regulatory considerations. Key drivers and stakeholders advancing simulation-based care delivery are discussed including recommendations for how healthcare organizations can perform event simulation as they prepare to meet the risk management needs of the future. This book concludes by highlighting documentation best practices implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nursing and Informatics for the 21st Century - Embracing a Digital World, 3rd Edition is comprised of four books which can be purchased individually: Book 1: Realizing Digital Health - Bold Challenges and Opportunities for Nursing Book 2: Nursing Education and Digital Health Strategies Book 3: Innovation, Technology, and Applied Informatics for Nurses Book 4: Nursing in an Integrated Digital World that Supports People, Systems, and the Planet

In Nursing in an Integrated Digital World that Supports People, Systems, and the Planet, the leading-edge innovators in digital health applications, global thought leaders, and multinational, cooperative research initiatives are woven together against the backdrop of health equity and policy-setting bodies, such as the United Nations and the World Health Organization. As the authors prepared this book, the world is struggling with the core issues of access to care, access to needed medical equipment and supplies, and access to vaccines. This access theme is reflected throughout the policy and world health chapters with an emphasis on how this COVID-19 pandemic is exposing the fissures, divides, unfairness, and unpreparedness that are in play across our globe. Sustainability and global health policy are linked to the new digital technologies in the chapters that illustrate healthcare delivery modalities that nurse innovators are developing, leading, and using to deliver care to hard-to-reach populations for better population health. A trio of chapters focus on the underlying need for standards to underlie nursing care in order to capture the data needed to enable new science and knowledge discoveries. The authors give particular attention to the cautions, potential for harm, and biases that the artificial intelligence technologies of algorithms and machine learning pose in healthcare. Additionally, they have tapped legal experts to review the legal statues, government regulations, and civil rights law in place for patients' rights, privacy, and confidentiality, and consents for the United States, the United Kingdom, and the European Union. The book closes with a chapter written by the editors that envisions the near future-the impact that the new digital technologies will have on how care is delivered, expanding care settings into community and home, virtual monitoring, and patient generated data, as well as the numerous ways that nurses' roles and technology skill sets must increase to support the global goals of equal access to healthcare. Nursing and Informatics for the 21st Century - Embracing a Digital World, 3rd Edition is comprised of four books which can be purchased individually: Book 1: Realizing Digital Health - Bold Challenges and Opportunities for Nursing Book 2: Nursing Education and Digital Health Strategies Book 3: Innovation, Technology, and Applied Informatics for Nurses Book 4: Nursing in an Integrated Digital World that Supports People, Systems, and the Planet

In just the past decade, the emergence of digital health has finally become palpable. Enhanced by the pandemic, social justice events, and planetary health urgency, Realizing Digital Health - Bold Challenges and Opportunities for Nursing explores that evolution with a focus on capturing the current state of digital health. Anchored in an introduction to digital health, new technologies, opportunities, and challenges are described. Consideration of the opportunities and challenges of digital health calls for specific attention to ethical considerations. This book includes a current state synopsis of healthcare in the USA, with the inclusion of specific implications for nursing leaders and executives. Engagement of the people (patients, families, communities) working in partnership to enhance health is described. Information management and the necessary definition and access to data are discussed with a particular explication of the function of information management and operational decision-making. The challenges and learnings related to informatics drawn from the experiences of leaders in large health systems shed insight into the current state of informatics-enabled digital health and healthcare. The global example of the integration of technology, nursing, and health systems expands our knowledge of the current state as well as explores possibilities. This book concludes with a commitment to and description of the current state of teamwork and the integral role/functions within informatics, nursing, and healthcare. This book provides the reader with a succinct overview of digital technologies, a reality-anchored description of the current state in the USA and globally and highlights the core foundation and integration of informatics and information management. This book stimulates thought and actions to advance digital health within a full partnership among the people, organizations, systems, and global imperatives including planetary survival. This book lifts up the next era calling for full teamwork, collaboration, and partnership as we emerge into a true global community. Nursing and Informatics for the 21st Century - Embracing a Digital World, 3rd Edition is comprised of four books which can be purchased individually: Book 1: Realizing Digital Health - Bold Challenges and Opportunities for Nursing Book 2: Nursing Education and Digital Health Strategies Book 3: Innovation, Technology, and Applied Informatics for Nurses Book 4: Nursing in an Integrated Digital World that Supports People, Systems, and the Planet

Sir Martin Ewans, former Head of the British Chancery in Kabul, puts into an historical and contemporary context the series of tragic events that have impinged on Afghanistan in the past fifty years. The book examines the roots of these developments in Afghanistan's earlier history and external relationships, as well as their contemporary relevance, internally, regionally, and globally. The book also reviews in details the emergence of the Taliban, their ideology and their place within Islam, and examines Afghanistan's relevance in global issues, notably the nature of Islamic extremism, the international drugs trade and international terrorism. It ends with an analysis of the country post-Taliban.

Wissenschaftlicher Aufsatz aus dem Jahr 2009 im Fachbereich Philosophie - Philosophie der Antike, Note: 6, Universitat Zurich (Philosophische Fakultat), Veranstaltung: Lizenziatsprufung, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Eudaimonia, das von einem guten (eu) Geist (daimon) begunstigt oder beseelt sein," ist der zentrale Begriff der aristotelischen Ethik. Verstanden als die Gluckseligkeit" oder das vollstandig gelungene Leben,"1 ist die Eudaimonia das hochste anzustrebende Gut, das idealiter das Ziel allen Strebens in der personlichen und politischen Praxis eines Menschen darstellt. Dieses teleologische Verstandnis menschlichen Seins und eines genuin menschlichen Guts ist der Philosophie der Neuzeit, mit einigen wenigen Ausnahmen, weitgehend abhandengekommen. Die Philosophie getraut sich nicht mehr, das umfassende menschliche Gluck zu definieren und lasst in eudamonistischer Resignation die Individuen mit ihren Praferenzen alleine."2 Infolge des unuberwindbaren Pluralismus der Lebensentwurfe" muss eine moderne Moraltheorie, will sie nicht Gefahr laufen, als subjektivistisch abgelehnt zu werden, eine strikte Unabhangigkeit gegenuber jeder partikularen Sicht vom guten Leben wahren."3 Trotz dieser grundsatzlichen Divergenz zwischen antiker und neuzeitlicher Philosophie ist das Interesse an der aristotelischen Ethik ungeschmalert und die Nikomachische Ethik zahlt zu den Grundtexten des abendlandischen Geistes uberhaupt.4 Das liegt moglicherweise daran, dass einzelne Kapitel der Nikomachischen Ethik bis heute nichts an Aktualitat verloren haben, so zum Beispiel die Bestimmungen uber die Gerechtigkeit oder uber die Freundschaft. Vielleicht ist es auch die Hoffnung, das schlechthin Gute doch noch zu finden, vielleicht auch die Ziellosigkeit der neuzeitlichen Philosophie, die uns immer wieder zuruckfuhrt zu Aristoteles und seinem Konzept des gelungenen Lebens. Die Schriften von Alasdair MacIntyre5 oder Philippa Foot6, auf die ich am Schluss der Arbeit kurz eingehen werde, la

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2006 im Fachbereich Philosophie - Praktische (Ethik, Asthetik, Kultur, Natur, Recht, ...), Note: angenommen, Universitat Zurich (Philosophisches Seminar ), Veranstaltung: Seminar, 25 Quellen im Literaturverzeichnis, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die vorliegende Arbeit setzt sich mit zwei Idealen auseinander, die aus dem gegenwartigen Verstandnis unserer abendlandischen Gesellschaft nicht mehr wegzudenken sind: Individualismus und Demokratie. Ausformuliert bedeutet dies, dass sich die Menschen, zumindest in der westlichen Hemisphare, als freie Individuen verstehen, die in einem demokratischen Staat leben. Sie verfugen uber politische Rechte, die es ihnen ermoglichen, an der Ausgestaltung der Gesellschaft mitzuwirken. Wie sich dieses Recht institutionell konkret manifestiert, soll nicht der Gegenstand dieser Arbeit sein. Uns interessiert die Notwendigkeit individualistischen Denkens fur die Entstehung liberal-demokratischer Rechtsstaaten; uns interessiert das Individuum" in seiner Entwicklung, seiner temporaren Auspragung und seinem historischen Kontext. Was heisst es, ein freies Individuum zu sein, als das wir uns so gerne bezeichnen?

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2006 im Fachbereich Philosophie - Praktische (Ethik, Asthetik, Kultur, Natur, Recht, ...), Note: angenommen, Universitat Zurich (Philosophisches Seminar ), Veranstaltung: Seminar, 30 Quellen im Literaturverzeichnis, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Fur diese Arbeit setze ich voraus, dass Menschen moralische Wesen sind und daher eine Pflicht haben, moralische Grundsatze zu akzeptieren und ihr Leben danach auszurichten - lehnen wir diesen Grundsatz ab, erubrigt sich jegliches Nachdenken uber ethische Prinzipien und wir konnen getrost zuruckkehren zu einem wahren Naturrecht, zu einem Recht des Starkeren, wie wir es bei Stirner oder in den spaten Schriften Nietzsches finden. Als moralische Wesen sind wir einem Konzept des guten und gerechten Zusammenlebens verpflichtet und folglich schulden wir einander Gerechtigkeit. Daruber, was das Gerechte konkret sein soll und wer wem Gerechtigkeit schuldet, spekulieren die Philosophen schon seit der Geburt der Philosophie. Ein kurzer Ausflug in die Antike kann uns illustrieren, dass sich die Grundfragen der Gerechtigkeit seither nur wenig verandert haben.

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2005 im Fachbereich Geschichte - Weltgeschichte - Fruhgeschichte, Antike, Note: angenommen, Universitat Zurich, 30 Quellen im Literaturverzeichnis, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die vorliegende Arbeit beschaftigt sich gleich mit zwei historischen Personlichkeiten, ohne deren Einfluss die Welt heute eine andere ware: Alexander, den die Nachwelt infolge seiner unglaublichen militarischen Erfolge den Grossen nennen wird, und Aristoteles, dessen philosophische Schriften das abendlandische Denken entscheidend gepragt haben. Staunend und fasziniert entnehmen wir den Quellen, wie der beruhmte Philosoph an den makedonischen Konigshof gerufen wurde, um den Welteroberer zu unterrichten. Nur zu leicht vergessen wir dabei, dass weder Alexander zu jener Zeit bereits sein Schicksal kannte, noch Aristoteles dieses Ansehen genoss, das ihm heute zuteil wird. Wir, die wir versuchen die Vergangenheit zu verstehen und zu erklaren, konnen erkennen, wie Entscheidungen einzelner Personen, die Zusammenkunft verschiedener Charaktere, materielle Einflusse oder auch der blosse Zufall sich im Nachhinein zu dem verdichten, was wir den Verlauf der Geschichte nennen

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2007 im Fachbereich Philosophie - Praktische (Ethik, Asthetik, Kultur, Natur, Recht, ...), Note: angenommen, Universitat Zurich, Veranstaltung: Seminar, 25 Quellen im Literaturverzeichnis, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Ich orientiere mich an der Theorie von Michael Walzer, wie er sie in seinen Spharen der Gerechtigkeit" entwickelt und werde im ersten Teil der Arbeit sein Konzept kurz darlegen. Diese Wahl beruht einerseits darauf, dass uns Walzer einen Begriff der Gerechtigkeit ubergeben hat, der die Forderung nach einem modernen und umfassenden Verstandnis der Gerechtigkeit erfullt. Andererseits bin ich der Uberzeugung, dass sein Konzept der Gerechtigkeit den meisten anderen Konzepten, und was modernere Schriften betrifft besonders der Theorie der Gerechtigkeit" von Rawls, uberlegen ist. Michael Walzers Spharen der Gerechtigkeit" ist eines der grossen Werke in der Geschichte der modernen Philosophie und jedes Konzept der Gerechtigkeit muss sich mit seinem Werk messen.5 Danach mache ich mich auf die Suche nach der Gerechtigkeit bei Adam Smith. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit wende ich mich dem Menschenbild von Adam Smith zu. Ich werde die moralischen Subjekte, das heisst die Individuen als Trager der Gerechtigkeit, beschreiben und ebenso die institutionelle Auspragung der gesellschaftlichen Zusammenarbeit. Das Ergebnis dieser Analyse dient mir im dritten Teil der Arbeit dazu, Smiths Vorstellungen uber die gesellschaftliche Zusammenarbeit durch die Matrize der distributiven Gerechtigkeit, wie sie Walzer vorschlagt, auf ihren Gehalt zu untersuchen. Zu beweisen, ob sich Smith tatsachlich, wie es die oben erwahnte Ubereinstimmung der Pramissen impliziert, in eine kommunitaristische Denktradition einordnen lasst, ist nicht das primare Ziel dieser Arbeit.

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2007 im Fachbereich Geschichte Europa - and. Lander - Mittelalter, Fruhe Neuzeit, Note: angenommen, Universitat Zurich (Historisches Seminar ), Veranstaltung: Seminar, 17 Quellen im Literaturverzeichnis, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Das erste Kapitel dieser Arbeit setzt sich damit auseinander, was den modernen Djihad, den Kampf fur die Sache Gottes, auszeichnet. Welche Weltanschauung steht dahinter und welche Ziele verfolgen die Kampfer im Namen Allahs? Da das Hauptanliegen der vorliegenden Untersuchung die Darstellung des klassischen, bzw. koranischen Djihads ist, muss in diesem Rahmen die Auseinandersetzung mit der modernen Auspragung des Djihads notwendigerweise skizzenhaft und unvollstandig bleiben - sie ist sozusagen das Kontrastmittel fur den zweiten Teil der Arbeit und gibt uns die Fragestellung, der wir uns im Hauptteil der Arbeit zuwenden wollen. Gerade dann, wenn man die islamistischen Terroristen als Fundamentalisten bezeichnet, stellt sich die Frage nach eben dem Fundament, d.h. nach dem ursprunglichen Wesen dieser Ideologie. Wir werden uns also an die Wurzeln des Islam begeben und untersuchen, wie in der heiligen Schrift der Muslime, im Koran, der Heiligen Krieg" dargestellt ist und inwiefern zum Djihad aufgerufen wird. Wie ist dieser Krieg beschaffen, welche Motivation steht dahinter und welche Ziele verfolgt er? Handelt es sich wirklich um einen Angriffskrieg gegen die Unglaubigen, so wie es die militanten Kampfer fordern und vor dem der Westen erzittert? Um dem Wesen des Djihad gerecht zu werden, genugt es naturlich nicht, einfach die Stellen des Korans aneinander zu reihen, welche zum Kampfe aufrufen. Wir mussen die heilige Schrift des Islam als Produkt von soziokulturellen und politischen Begebenheiten verstehen und uns dem Leben des Urhebers dieser Schrift zuwenden. Wer war Muhammad, der Prophet der Araber, und welche Ideale vertrat er?

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2004 im Fachbereich Geschichte Europa - and. Lander - Neuzeit, Absolutismus, Industrialisierung, Note: angenommen, Universitat Zurich, 13 Quellen im Literaturverzeichnis, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Entsprechend dem Titel der Arbeit, handelt es sich um eine Gesamtbetrachtung uber die publizistischen Erzeugnisse im 17. Jahrhundert, deren Publikum und deren Wirkung. Nachdem im ersten Teil der Arbeit die publizistische Landschaft in ihrer Vielfalt aufgezeigt wird, beschreibt das zweite Kapitel das Publikum der neuen Medien und auch wie durch die Herrscher versucht wurde, auf die publizierten Inhalte Einfluss zu nehmen. Wir konnen in der fruhen Neuzeit eine explosionsartige Verbreitung publizistischer Erzeugnisse beobachten. Gedruckt wurde schon fruher, doch im beginnenden 17. Jahrhundert erhalt das Phanomen der Druckmedien sowohl eine neue Qualitat, als auch eine neue Quantitat. Eine Entwicklung von diesem Ausmass kann nicht ohne Wirkung bleiben und eben diese bildet den inhaltlichen Schwerpunkt des dritten Teils meiner Arbeit. Die vorliegende Arbeit will also nicht mehr, aber auch nicht weniger sein, als der Versuch einer auf dem aktuellen Forschungsstand basierenden, vorubergehenden Synthese von Qualitat und Qutitat, Publikum und Wirkung der politischen Publizistik des 17. Jahrhunderts. Vorubergehend deshalb, weil die Geschichtsschreibung immer nur den aktuellen Forschungsstand wiedergeben kann und sich nie mit endgultiger Sicherheit vor neuen Entdeckungen oder neuer Erkenntnis schutzen kann; ein Versuch deshalb, weil eine vollstandige und gegen jeden Einwand abgesicherte Theorie im Rahmen des Proseminars Einfuhrung in das Studium der Geschichte" nicht moglich is