Mathematics education in contrast has a variable and culturally based character, and this is certainly true of educational organization and practice. Educational research is both an applied social science and a multidisciplinary domain of theoretical scholarship.

Among organizations devoted to mathematics education, The International Commission on Mathematical Instruction (ICMI) is distinctive because of its close ties to the mathematics community. The great challenges now facing mathematics education around the world demand a deeper and more sensitive involvement of disciplinary mathematicians than we now have, both in the work of educational improvements and in research on the nature of teaching and learning.

This book constitutes the Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Mathematical Education (ICME9), which was held in Tokyo/Makuhari Japan, in July and August 2000. ICME9 brought together experts from 70 countries, working to understand the challenges of mathematics education including boundary crossing and collaboration, such as the need to reconcile language, epistemology, norms of evidence and, in general, all of the intellectual and attitudinal challenges that face multidisciplinary research and development.

The program for ICME9 reflects a truly international character and includes four distinguished regular lectures, 52 lectures, four national presentations and reports from current ICMI Studies and ICMI Affiliated Study Groups. The goal of the meeting was to offer presentations and learning on various aspects of mathematics educations; its research, experiences, materials, and information with special emphasis on achievements and trends thatarose in mathematics education during the period of 1996-2000, and that would make important contributions to mathematics education in the new century.

The International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) is a very important competition for high school students. China has taken part in the IMO 31 times since 1985 and has won the top ranking for countries 19 times, with a multitude of gold medals for individual students. The six students China has sent every year were selected from 60 students among approximately 300 students who took part in the annual China Mathematical Competition during the winter months.This book includes the problems and solutions of the most important mathematical competitions from 2010 to 2014 in China, such as China Mathematical Competition, China Mathematical Olympiad, China Girls' Mathematical Olympiad. These problems are almost exclusively created by the experts who are engaged in mathematical competition teaching and researching. Some of the solutions are from national training team and national team members, their wonderful solutions being the feature of this book. This book is useful to mathematics fans, middle school students engaged in mathematical competition, coaches in mathematics teaching and teachers setting up math elective courses.

This comprehensive book is a state-of-the-art review of research and practices of mathematics education in Singapore. It traces the fascinating journey from the original development of the Singapore mathematics curriculum in the 1950s to the present day, and reports on diverse findings about the Singapore experience that are not readily available in print. All of the authors are active mathematics educators or senior mathematics teachers in Singapore, thus adding authenticity and distinctiveness to the stories covered in this book. The issues they so earnestly explore in this book will undoubtedly be of interest to graduate students, mathematics educators, and the international mathematics education community.

The International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) is a very important competition for high school students. China has taken part in the IMO 31 times since 1985 and has won the top ranking for countries 19 times, with a multitude of gold medals for individual students. The six students China has sent every year were selected from 60 students among approximately 300 students who took part in the annual China Mathematical Competition during the winter months.This book includes the problems and solutions of the most important mathematical competitions from 2010 to 2014 in China, such as China Mathematical Competition, China Mathematical Olympiad, China Girls' Mathematical Olympiad. These problems are almost exclusively created by the experts who are engaged in mathematical competition teaching and researching. Some of the solutions are from national training team and national team members, their wonderful solutions being the feature of this book. This book is useful to mathematics fans, middle school students engaged in mathematical competition, coaches in mathematics teaching and teachers setting up math elective courses.

The International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) is a competition for high school students. China has taken part in the IMO 21 times since 1985 and has won the top ranking for countries 14 times, with a multitude of golds for individual students. The six students China has sent every year were selected from 20 to 30 students among approximately 130 students who took part in the annual China Mathematical Competition during the winter months. This volume comprises a collection of original problems with solutions that China used to train their Olympiad team in the years from 2006 to 2008. Mathematical Olympiad problems with solutions for the years 20022006 appear in an earlier volume, Mathematical Olympiad in China.

The International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) is a competition for high school students. China has taken part in the IMO 21 times since 1985 and has won the top ranking for countries 14 times, with a multitude of golds for individual students. The six students China has sent every year were selected from 20 to 30 students among approximately 130 students who took part in the annual China Mathematical Competition during the winter months. This volume of comprises a collection of original problems with solutions that China used to train their Olympiad team in the years from 2009 to 2010. Mathematical Olympiad problems with solutions for the years 2002-2008 appear in an earlier volume, Mathematical Olympiad in China.