The proposals in London of the Future aim to predict and prescribe how the metropolis might be governed, organized, and designed in years to come and to provoke debate among planners, architects, and developers. Over the course of eighteen essays, experts in various fields - engineering, urbanism, architecture, manufacturing, futurology, journalism, and more - examine possibilities for reimagining and improving many aspects of the city. These writers consider changes both radical and minor that could shape London into a more resilient city and a fairer, healthier place to live. The architectural commentator Peter Murray provides an engaging introduction. Discussing some of the more interesting and, in some cases, eccentric proposals of the earlier book, he paves the way for an entirely new and up-to-date collection of ideas for the twenty-first century and beyond. The architectural critic and consultant Hugh Pearman ponders the dangers and uses of prediction while proposing that London be improved and made more liveable, rather than expanded and developed. The architect Carolyn Steel continues the focus on making the city a more pleasant place to live by discussing the future of its food supplies, considering the place of farming within the city's boundaries to spearhead urban renewal in a newly environmental age. The engineer Roma Agrawal advocates increasing cross-disciplinary understanding in the building and engineering world so that tomorrow's engineers can be curious without boundaries. Yvonne Farrell and Shelley McNamara of the architectural practice Grafton interrogate the meaning of permanence, and what London's inhabitants will need from their buildings, and the urbanist Kat Hanna discusses the future of two of London's identities: the Central Business District and the Financial Services Hub. Mark Brearley, an architect and proprietor of a long-established London manufacturer, writes on the subject of the local high street and how the city is strengthened by these social, commercial hubs. Gillian Darley, a writer and historian, looks at the future of heritage, and how the city's past can be conserved and contribute towards its future. Sarah Ichioka is an environmental and social consultant, and her approach focuses on the climate emergency and natural solutions to make the city more resilient. The architect Indy Johar puts forward radical ideas about the shift that is required of all London's inhabitants if the city is to transform itself for the future, and Smith Mordak, an architect and engineer with Buro Happold, advocates for large infrastructural changes for sustainability. The cultural practitioner and writer Yasmin Jones-Henry, meanwhile, advocates for the value of cultural activities, powered by diversity, while the theatre director Jude Kelly calls for London's broadly inclusive cultural past to be put at the centre of future plans, and imagines a place for AI in that future. Dame Baroness Lawrence, a campaigner who has promoted reforms in the police service, uses housing, education, policing, and racial equality to put forward her vision for a more equitable London. The journalist Anna Minton sets the extraordinarily high values of property in certain areas of the city against the crisis of social housing and the poor quality of low-income housing and asks how the problem of housing inequality can be solved. The architect Claire Bennie also examines how housing can be made fairer and available to more people. The futurologist Mark Stevenson, meanwhile, imagines a commercial, building-focused solution to the problem of climate change, while the journalist Tony Travers imagines London's future in relation to its survival of past crises. Neal Shashore, an architectural historian, focuses on the approach to educating future designers of the capital, to champion inclusivity and focus on the needs of people and communities. As part of the London Society's growing role to campaign for a better London, the proposals in this book aim to influence the discourse of politicians and local authorities and to provoke debate among architects, developers, and planners. But it will also provide food for thought more generally, in a world where change will be required of everyone.

The immense power the Catholic Church once wielded in Ireland has considerably diminished over the last fifty years. During the same period the Irish state has pursued new economic and social development goals by wooing foreign investors and throwing the state's lot in with an ever-widening European integration project. How a less powerful church and a more assertive state related to one another during the key third quarter of the twentieth century is the subject of this book. Drawing on newly available material, it looks at how social science, which had been a church monopoly, was taken over and bent to new purposes by politicians and civil servants. This case study casts new light on wider processes of change, and the story features a strong and somewhat surprising cast of characters ranging from Sean Lemass and T.K. Whitaker to Archbishop John Charles McQuaid and Father Denis Fahey. -- .

Drawing upon a surprising wealth of evidence found in surviving manuscripts, this book restores friars to their rightful place in the history of English health care. Friars are often overlooked in the picture of health care in late medieval England. Physicians, surgeons, apothecaries, barbers, midwives - these are the people we think of immediately as agents of healing; whilst we identify university teachers as authorities on medical writings. Yet from their first appearance in England in the 1220s to the dispersal of the friaries in the 1530s, four orders of friars were active as healers of every type. Their care extended beyond the circle of their own brethren: patients included royalty, nobles and bishops, and they also provided charitable aid and relief to the poor. They wrote about medicine too. Bartholomew the Englishman and Roger Bacon were arguably the most influential authors, alongside the Dominican Henry Daniel. Nor should we forget the anonymous Franciscan compilers of the Tabula medicine, a handbook of cures, which, amongst other items, contains case histories of friars practising medicine. Even after the Reformation, these texts continued to circulate and find new readers amongst practitioners and householders. This book restores friars to their rightful place in the history of English health care, exploring the complex, productive entanglement between care of the soul and healing of the body, in both theoretical and practical terms. Drawing upon the surprising wealth of evidence found in the surviving manuscripts, it brings to light individuals such as William Holme (c. 1400), and his patient the duke of York (d. 1402), who suffered from swollen legs. Holme also wrote about medicinal simples and gave instructions for dealing with eye and voice problems experienced by his brother Franciscans. Friars from the thirteenth century onwards wrote their medicine differently, reflecting their religious vocation as preachers and confessors.

Probably the most popular building of the last century, Sydney Opera House is the icon of modern Australia. It has repaid its Au$100 million cost many times over, both as a tourist attraction and as a cultural center; as a brand, it is priceless. The story of its creation is one of both triumph and tragedy: universally loved these days, it was attacked by press and public when under construction. It is a masterpiece of modern architecture, yet Jorn Utzon, its designer, walked out before completion. Opinions are still divided over who was at fault when he resigned after a row with the client in 1966, and the story continues to rouse powerful passions to this day. Now, nearly 40 years later, Utzon has been invited back to oversee the building's refurbishment.
Peter Murray's compelling and highly readable biography of the building presents both sides of the story. Using previously unpublished files and papers; Murray has managed to unravel one of the most intriguing architectural controversies of recent times - what really happened when they built Sydney Opera House?

Peter Murray's compelling and highly readable biography of the building presents both sides of the story. Using previously unpublished files and papers, Murray has managed to unravel one of the most intriguing architectural controversies of recent times - what really happened when they built Sydney Opera House...

Organized under the Rapid Transit Act of 1875, the Manhattan Railway Company (commonly known as the Manhattan Elevated Railway, or the "el") dominated public transportation in late-nineteenth-century New York City. Its four lines extended the length of Manhattan Island into the Bronx, with 334 steam locomotives carrying 1,122 passenger cars over 102 miles of track. From 1880 to 1902, more passengers traveled the el than on any other rapid transit system in the world. Frank K. Hain was vice president and general manager of the company for 16 years, during which time he confronted union organizers, horrifying accidents, and a relentless media crusade for a conversion to electric power and the establishment of a subway system. Based on Hain's experiences, this chronicle of New York's elevated steam railways illuminates an important era in transportation.

The immense power the Catholic Church once wielded in Ireland has considerably diminished over the last fifty years. During the same period the Irish state has pursued new economic and social development goals by wooing foreign investors and throwing the state's lot in with an ever-widening European integration project. How a less powerful church and a more assertive state related to one another during the key third quarter of the twentieth century is the subject of this book. Drawing on newly available material, it looks at how social science, which had been a church monopoly, was taken over and bent to new purposes by politicians and civil servants. This case study casts new light on wider processes of change, and the story features a strong and somewhat surprising cast of characters ranging from Sean Lemass and T.K. Whitaker to Archbishop John Charles McQuaid and Father Denis Fahey. -- .

An examination of how academic colleges commemorated their patrons in a rich variety of ways. WINNER of a 2019 Cambridgeshire Association for Local History award. The people of medieval Cambridge chose to be remembered after their deaths in a variety of ways - through prayers, Masses and charitable acts, and bytomb monuments, liturgical furnishings and other gifts. The colleges of the university, alongside their educational role, arranged commemorative services for their founders, fellows and benefactors. Together with the town's parishchurches and religious houses, the colleges provided intercessory services and resting places for the dead. This collection explores how the myriad of commemorative enterprises complemented and competed as locations where the living and the dead from "town and gown" could meet. Contributors analyse the commemorative practices of the Franciscan friars, the colleges of Corpus Christi, Trinity Hall and King's, and within Lady Margaret Beaufort's Cambridge household; the depictions of academic and legal dress on memorial brasses, and the use and survival of these brasses. The volume highlights, for the first time, the role of the medieval university colleges within the family ofcommemorative institutions; in offering a new and broader view of commemoration across an urban environment, it also provides a rich case-study for scholars of the medieval Church, town, and university. JOHN S. LEE is Research Associate at the Centre for Medieval Studies, University of York; CHRISTIAN STEER is Honorary Visiting Fellow in the Department of History, University of York. Contributors: Sir John Baker, Richard Barber, Claire GobbiDaunton, Peter Murray Jones, Elizabeth A. New, Susan Powell, Michael Robson, Nicholas Rogers.

The Oxford Dictionary of Christian Art and Architecture explains a wide range of terms used in the study of the history of Christian art and architecture including subjects, topics, themes, artists, works, movements, and buildings. This long-awaited new edition of Peter and Linda Murray's classic text continues to provide an invaluable, authoritative, and engaging guide to interpreting Christian Art both for students and teachers of the subject, as well as non-specialists or those without a formal education in Christianity. The new editor, the Reverend Tom Devonshire Jones, has been aided by over a dozen expert contributors, fully updating the text for the new century. Areas that have been expanded upon include the artwork, artists, and innovations of the 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries (such as the relationship between Christianity and film). Coverage includes art from around the world, with new entries upon the Christian art of North America, Latin America, Australasia, and of the non-Western world, as well as Christian artistic interactions with other religions, including Judaism and Islam. The detailed bibliography has been heavily revised and updated, increasing the number of sources cited and expanding on sources relevant to the study of non-traditional Christian art. The updated bibliography will be placed on a companion webpage to the Dictionary, which will also feature an appendix of web links to sites of relevant interest.

After the Second World War the Irish state maintained the high industrial tariffs of the 1930s, despite the inefficiency of its protected industries. Such inefficiency fed into the crisis of economic stagnation and mass emigration that engulfed the Republic in the 1950s. As EEC entry became the state's goal, adapting and upgrading Irish industries for free trade conditions loomed large in the 1960s. These ends were pursued through technical assistance schemes and a productivity drive - innovations introduced to the Irish state by the US Marshall Plan. This book looks at this neglected aspect of post-war Irish history and analyzes the social, political, and economic effects of the policies pursued.

(Bass Instruction). Peter Murray's book, which scored an "A+" rating from Bass Player magazine, provides bassists with everything they need to know to play effectively, helping them master the basics, and then explore what's beyond. Essential to any bass player "Once in a while, a book comes along that stands head and shoulders above the endless rows of 'method books' that fill the racks in music stores. This is one of those exceptional books. If you're a beginner, study of Murray's method could save you from countless hours of frustration (and possibly injury) by showing you the correct way to use you hands right from the start; if you're a more advanced player, it should help you to refine your ability and overcome the technical barriers that can block further development. Bravo " Jim Roberts, Bass Player magazine

Biologische Theorien bewegen sich nicht selten, wie Kleidermoden, vollstandig im Kreis. Vor hundert Jahren behauptete der angesehe ne Histologe C. G. Ehrenberg, er konnte eine komplexe Serie in nerer Organe in den Zellen von Protozoen nachweisen; aber seine Ideen wurden verlacht. Die letzten zwanzig Jahre haben jedoch ge zeigt, dass er trotz seiner sehr extravaganten Ansichten zumin dest darin Recht hatte, in Zellen eine hochorganisierte Innen struktur zu vermuten, membranbegrenzte Vesikel mit ganz speziel len Funktionen. Das Interesse an den intrazellularen Membranen ist sehr viel grosser geworden seit der Erkenntnis, dass sie nicht nur eine pas sive Rolle durch das Abgrenzen von verschiedenen Zellbereichen spielen, sondern in ihrer Funktion alle Facetten der Zellakti vitat umfassen. Die Vielfalt ihrer Stoffwechselerscheinungen und die Komplexitat ihrer Struktur haben die Membranen zum "naturli chen Treffpunkt der Wissenschaften" gemacht, dem sich Elektronen mikroskopiker, Physikochemiker, Biochemiker und Biophysiker unter verschiedenen Aspekten nahern. Die Ergebnisse dieses konzertier ten Forschens haben es offenkundig gemacht, dass die genaue Kennt nis der Struktur und Funktion der verschiedenen Membranen einen Weg eroffnen sowohl fur das Verstandnis, was Leben im molekula ren Bereich ausmacht, als auch fur die vitale und komplizierte Kontrolle von Zell- und Gewebsfunktionen, eine Kenntnis, die bei der Behandlung von Zellversagen und fur Gewebstransplantationen Voraussetzung ist. Der Biologe, der das Studium der Membranen vernachlassigt, tut dies also auf eigene Gefahr. Die ganze Vielfalt der verschiedenen Aufgaben von Membranen ist zwar erst seit kurzem bekannt."

DICTIONARY OF ART AND ARTISTS

Fully revised for this seventh edition, The Penguin Dictionary of Art and Artists is one of the most comprehensive and detailed reference works available on the subject. It contains:

* Entries on all the major artists of the last seven centuries
* Short, incisive biographies of over 1,200 artists, including many new entries on modern American artists
* Evaluations of the works of the greatest artists and their location
* Expositions of the best-known groups of schools of artists
* Descriptions of artistic techniques and styles
* Definitions of artistic movements

Fully updated, with new and expanded entries, this remarkable dictionary is an indispensable source of information for both artists and those interested in the arts in general.

Marsupials and monotremes are the dominant mammalian fauna in Australia, Papua New Guinea (PNG) and parts of South America. Monotremes are unique; they possess a range of reptilian and mammalian characteristics. Marsupials are highly diverse and occupy a wide range of ecologically diverse niches and habitats. They have distinct physiologies and their ability to control foetal development and nurture extremely immature young is providing beneficial insights into developmental physiology and human medicine. Insights into marsupial herbivory are benefitting agriculture and climate science. Studies on these mammals that have or will benefit mankind in medicine, agriculture and environmental science have been highlighted. This book covers current knowledge of all aspects of the basic biology and ecology of marsupials and monotremes including evolution and biogeography, genomics, musculoskeletal anatomy, thermal regulation, reproduction, nutrition and feeding strategies, behaviour and social interactions, health and disease, current conservation status, exploitation and utilisation and finally addresses this question: "Are monotremes and marsupials inferior?" The principal audience for this book will be undergraduate students at the tertiary level. Within these chapters, standalone text boxes have been incorporated with examples of the most up-to-date research undertaken to make the book a resource to research students and scientists. Many text boxes highlight the enigmatic nature of marsupials and monotremes and where knowledge of their biology could be of value to the wider community (medicine, agriculture and environment). This compilation emphasises the utility of the information being generated from research with these mammals to the wider scientific community.