The Handbook of Ion Sources delivers the data needed for daily work with ion sources. It also gives information for the selection of a suitable ion source and ion production method for a specific application. The Handbook concentrates on practical aspects and introduces the principle function of ion sources. The basic plasma parameters are defined and discussed. The working principles of various ion sources are explained, and examples of each type of ion source are presented with their operational data. Tables of ion current for various elements and charge states summarize the performance of different ion sources. The problems related to the production of ions of non-gaseous elements are detailed, and data on useful materials for evaporation and ion source construction are summarized. Additional chapters are dedicated to extraction and beam formation, ion beam diagnosis, ion source electronics, and computer codes for extraction, acceleration, and beam transport. Emittance and brilliance are described and space charge effects and neutralization discussed. Various methods for the measurement of current, profile, emittance, and time structure are presented and compared. Intensity limits for these methods are provided for different ion energies. Typical problems related to the operation of ion source plasmas are discussed and practical examples of circuits are given. The influence of high voltage on ion source electronics and possibilities for circuit protection are covered. The generation of microwaves and various microwave equipment are described and special problems related to microwave operation are summarized. The Handbook of Ion Sources is a valuable reference on the subject, of benefit to practitioners and graduate students interested in accelerators, ion implantation, and ion beam techniques.

This book summarizes the experience of many years of teamwork with my group, the beam diagnostics group of GSI. For a long time the group was also responsible for operating the machines and application programming. In my opinion, this connection was very e?cient: ?rst, because a beam diagnostic system has to place powerful tools at the operators' disposal; second, because data evaluation and presentation of results for machine operation demand application programs which can be handled not only by skilled experts. On the other hand, accelerator developments and improvements as well as commissioning of new machines by specialists require more complex measu- ments than those for routine machine operation. A modern beam diagnostic system, including the software tools, has to cover these demands, too. Therefore, this book should motivate physicists, constructors, electronic engineers, and computer experts to work together during the design and daily use of a beam diagnostic system. This book aims to give them ideas and tools for their work. I would not have been able to write this book without a good education in physics and many discussions with competent leaders, mentors, and c- leagues. After working about 40 years in teams on accelerators, there are so many people I have to thank that it is impossible to mention them all by name here.

The Handbook of Ion Sources delivers the data needed for daily work with ion sources. It also gives information for the selection of a suitable ion source and ion production method for a specific application.
The Handbook concentrates on practical aspects and introduces the principle function of ion sources. The basic plasma parameters are defined and discussed. The working principles of various ion sources are explained, and examples of each type of ion source are presented with their operational data. Tables of ion current for various elements and charge states summarize the performance of different ion sources.
The problems related to the production of ions of non-gaseous elements are detailed, and data on useful materials for evaporation and ion source construction are summarized. Additional chapters are dedicated to extraction and beam formation, ion beam diagnosis, ion source electronics, and computer codes for extraction, acceleration, and beam transport. Emittance and brilliance are described and space charge effects and neutralization discussed. Various methods for the measurement of current, profile, emittance, and time structure are presented and compared. Intensity limits for these methods are provided for different ion energies.
Typical problems related to the operation of ion source plasmas are discussed and practical examples of circuits are given. The influence of high voltage on ion source electronics and possibilities for circuit protection are covered. The generation of microwaves and various microwave equipment are described and special problems related to microwave operation are summarized.
The Handbook of Ion Sources is a valuable reference on the subject, of benefit to practitioners and graduate students interested in accelerators, ion implantation, and ion beam techniques.

This book summarizes the experience of many years of teamwork with my group, the beam diagnostics group of GSI. For a long time the group was also responsible for operating the machines and application programming. In my opinion, this connection was very e?cient: ?rst, because a beam diagnostic system has to place powerful tools at the operators' disposal; second, because data evaluation and presentation of results for machine operation demand application programs which can be handled not only by skilled experts. On the other hand, accelerator developments and improvements as well as commissioning of new machines by specialists require more complex measu- ments than those for routine machine operation. A modern beam diagnostic system, including the software tools, has to cover these demands, too. Therefore, this book should motivate physicists, constructors, electronic engineers, and computer experts to work together during the design and daily use of a beam diagnostic system. This book aims to give them ideas and tools for their work. I would not have been able to write this book without a good education in physics and many discussions with competent leaders, mentors, and c- leagues. After working about 40 years in teams on accelerators, there are so many people I have to thank that it is impossible to mention them all by name here.

Diplomarbeit aus dem Jahr 2008 im Fachbereich Verkehrswissenschaft, Note: 1,7, Universitat Stuttgart (ISV / VuV), 65 Quellen im Literaturverzeichnis, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Nachdem im Jahr 2005 die Autobahnmaut fur Lastkraftwagen (Lkw) in Deutschland eingefuhrt wurde, werden in den letzten Jahren auch immer mehr Stimmen laut, die eine Einfuhrung von Strassenbenutzungsgebuhren (Road Pricing) auf Autobahnen ebenfalls fur Personenkraftwagen (Pkw) fordern. Mindestens genauso viele Stimmen, wenn nicht sogar deutlich mehr, sind jedoch gegen die Einfuhrung eines Road Pricing fur Pkw. Generell gibt es noch einiges an Diskussionsbedarf zu diesem Thema, was vor allem auch zu einem hohen politischen Interesse fuhrt. Wahrend Verkehrsminister Wolfgang Tiefensee klar gegen die Einfuhrung einer Maut ist, gibt es mit Wolfgang Reinhart und Gunther Beckstein, um nur einige Namen zu nennen, auch Befurworter fur Road Pricing im Pkw-Verkehr. In der Bevolkerung gehen die Meinungen zum Thema Pkw-Maut ebenfalls auseinander, wobei die ablehnenden Stimmen uberwiegen. Umfragen aus dem Jahr 2005 des Allgemeinen Deutschen Automobil Clubs (ADAC), von Spiegel, Forsa oder des Allensbach-Instituts ergaben Werte fur Stimmen, die sich fur eine Einfuhrung der Pkw-Maut aussprachen, in Hohe von 20% bis maximal 41% und Werte fur Stimmen, welche dagegen waren, im Bereich von 45-73%. Nicht nur bedingt durch die Osterweiterung der Europaischen Union (EU) und der Stellung Deutschlands als Transitland im Verkehr, sondern vor allem auch durch die Zunahme des Pkw-Bestandes und der Anzahl an Neuzulassungen steigt die Verkehrsnachfrage im motorisierten Individualverkehr (MIV) in den letzten Jahren stetig an. Ebenfalls nimmt der relative Anteil an Fahrten im MIV verglichen mit den Fahrleistungen im Schienenverkehr zu. In einer Studie des Instituts fur Mobilitatsforschung Dr. Hell wurde eine Steigerung der Fahrleistung im Personenverkehr um 20% im Zeitraum vom Jahr 2000 bis 2020 prognostiziert