This book focuses on fractional calculus, presenting novel advances in both the theory and applications of non-integer order systems. At the end of the twentieth century it was predicted that it would be the calculus of the twenty-first century, and that prophecy is confirmed year after year. Now this mathematical tool is successfully used in a variety of research areas, like engineering (e.g. electrical, mechanical, chemical), dynamical systems modeling, analysis and synthesis (e.g technical, biological, economical) as well as in multidisciplinary areas (e.g. biochemistry, electrochemistry).As well as the mathematical foundations the book concentrates on the technical applications of continuous-time and discrete-time fractional calculus, investigating the identification, analysis and control of electrical circuits and dynamical systems. It also presents the latest results.Although some scientific centers and scientists are skeptical and actively criticize the applicability of fractional calculus, it is worth breaking through the scientific and technological walls. Because the "fractional community" is growing rapidly there is a pressing need for the exchange of scientific results. The book includes papers presented at the 9th International Conference on Non-integer Order Calculus and Its Applications and is divided into three parts:* Mathematical foundations* Fractional systems analysis and synthesis* System modelingSeven papers discuss the mathematical foundations, twelve papers address fractional order analysis and synthesis and three focus on dynamical system modeling by the fractional order differential and difference equations. It is a useful resource for fractional calculus scientific community.

The main subject of the monograph is the fractional calculus in the discrete version. The volume is divided into three main parts. Part one contains a theoretical introduction to the classical and fractional-order discrete calculus where the fundamental role is played by the backward difference and sum. In the second part, selected applications of the discrete fractional calculus in the discrete system control theory are presented. In the discrete system identification, analysis and synthesis, one can consider integer or fractional models based on the fractional-order difference equations. The third part of the book is devoted to digital image processing.

This book touches upon various aspects of a very interesting, and growing in popularity category of models of dynamical systems. These are the so-called fractional-order systems. Such models are not only relevant for many fields of science and technology, but may also find numerous applications in other disciplines applying the mathematical modelling tools. Thus, the book is intended for a very wide audience of professionals who want to expand their knowledge of systems modelling and its applications. The book includes the selections of papers presented at the International Conference on Fractional Calculus and its Applications organized by the Warsaw University of Technology and was held online on 6-8 September 2021. The International Conference on Fractional Calculus and its Applications (ICFDA) has an almost twenty years history. It started in Bordeaux (France) in 2004, followed by Porto (Portugal) 2006, Istanbul (Turkey) 2008, Badajoz (Spain) 2010, Nanjing (China) 2012, Catania (Italy) 2014, Novi Sad (Serbia) 2016, Amman (Jordan) 2018. Next ICFDA was planned in 2020 in Warsaw (Poland), but COVID-19 pandemic shifted it to 6-8 September 2021. Hence, the organizers were forced to change the form of the conference to the online one. In the volume twenty eight high-quality research papers presented during the ICFDA 2021 eleven Regular Sessions with an additional online Discussion Session are presented. The presented papers are scientifically inspiring, leading to new fruitful ideas. They cover a very broad range of many disciplines. Nowadays, and especially in such a subject as fractional calculus, it is very difficult to assign papers to specific scientific areas. So, many of the papers included have an interdisciplinary character.