This volume provides a complete understanding of the fundamental causes of routing congestion in present-day and next-generation VLSI circuits, offers techniques for estimating and relieving congestion, and provides a critical analysis of the accuracy and effectiveness of these techniques. The book includes metrics and optimization techniques for routing congestion at various stages of the VLSI design flow. The subjects covered include an explanation of why the problem of congestion is important and how it will trend, plus definitions of metrics that are appropriate for measuring congestion, and descriptions of techniques for estimating and optimizing routing congestion issues in cell-/library-based VLSI circuits.

This volume provides a complete understanding of the fundamental causes of routing congestion in present-day and next-generation VLSI circuits, offers techniques for estimating and relieving congestion, and provides a critical analysis of the accuracy and effectiveness of these techniques. The book includes metrics and optimization techniques for routing congestion at various stages of the VLSI design flow. The subjects covered include an explanation of why the problem of congestion is important and how it will trend, plus definitions of metrics that are appropriate for measuring congestion, and descriptions of techniques for estimating and optimizing routing congestion issues in cell-/library-based VLSI circuits.

Countries are loved by their citizens. But India deserves maximum love and care from her children as she is not an ordinary country. Firstly, she is a great mother. And she is a great country too. Book tells us why India should be loved immensely & deeply. It explains the exceptional greatness of India in earlier times on various counts and why India should regain her first position in the world soon. She has fed one-fourth of world's population cumulatively since time immemorial, in spite of having only 2.5-3.0% of world's land-area. Tolerance of her people and abundance of water & food, coupled with favorable climate allowed so many people to migrate and settle here in earlier times. From ancient era to eighteenth century, her share in world-GDP was always more than 20%. Just before British rule, her share in world-GDP was around 25%, which reduced to 3% in 1947. Likewise, her share in world-trade reduced to 1.5% in 1947 from more than 60% in seventeenth century. She was a leader in almost all the fields - from Mathematics to Metaphysics, from Metallurgy to Medicine, and from Music to Martial arts. And her three unique virtues make her the greatest and the holiest place in the world - Tolerance, Kindness and Forgiveness. Our love for India should therefore be at the highest degree. And that immense love should be converted into action by launching and actively participating in a long-term intensive movement for quality & productivity. The book elaborates the concept & methodology for this grand movement for quality & productivity. It urges Indians to get motivation from the Gita for that. Besides, book urges Indians to help eliminate poverty, to clean the country and to fight against corruption.This book is an attempt to mobilize Indians for ultimately re-making India the best nation in the world in all aspects. We are not going to live for centuries & millenniums. But India will remain for ever. Let all of us - 1.25 billion Indians - make her the best nation in the world. Let future generations maintain that position. Her leadership position is good for the world too, as a renowned historian said, "It is already becoming clear that a chapter which had a western beginning will have to have an Indian ending if it is not to end in the self-destruction of the human race..." There are 10 chapters in this book, as under - -Chapter 1: Why we should love India immensely -Chapter 2: India's leadership in the world from ancient era to eighteenth century -Chapter 3: Decline of India under British rule and slow progress after Independence -Chapter 4: How to love India 'immensely' -Chapter 5: National movement for quality & productivity -Chapter 6: Helping poor people & eliminating poverty -Chapter 7: Cleaning India & saving the environment -Chapter 8: Fighting against corruption -Chapter 9: Relevance of teachings of the Gita -Chapter 10: My Appeals ( An appeal to parents & grand-parents, to teachers, to students & youngsters, to influential people, to industrialists & entrepreneurs, to high net-worth individuals, to senior citizens, to leaders of various organizations, to IIT-alumni and to citizens of countries of Indian sub-continent.) About the author - An engineering graduate from IIT-Delhi & a management post-graduate from IMT-Ghaziabad, Prashant Saxena is working with a corporate house and is currently responsible for its business development, strategy and analytics functions. In his pastime, he likes to read. A fitness freak, he is into rigorous work-outs. He also writes poems, mainly in Hindi. Prashant lives in Gurgaon along with his wife Ritu, son Prerit and daughter Ishi. His email ID is '[email protected]'.