This book is a state of the art treatise on what has been done so far on measuring sustainability for decision making. Contributions will appeal to engineers and scientists engaged in technology development, assessment, and verification. Researchers working on engineering sustainability are likely to get ideas for further research in quantifying sustainability for industrial systems. Concepts described can be applied across all scales, from process technology to global sustainability; and challenges and limitations are also addressed. Readers will discover important insights about simulation-based approaches to process design and quantitative measurement techniques of sustainability for business and technology systems. Most of the examples and case studies are from chemical enterprises but the methodologies presented could be applicable to any system for which quantitative data for indicators are available, and the choice of the set of indicators of sustainability are comprehensive.

This book is a state of the art treatise on what has been done so far on measuring sustainability for decision making. Contributions will appeal to engineers and scientists engaged in technology development, assessment, and verification. Researchers working on engineering sustainability are likely to get ideas for further research in quantifying sustainability for industrial systems. Concepts described can be applied across all scales, from process technology to global sustainability; and challenges and limitations are also addressed. Readers will discover important insights about simulation-based approaches to process design and quantitative measurement techniques of sustainability for business and technology systems. Most of the examples and case studies are from chemical enterprises but the methodologies presented could be applicable to any system for which quantitative data for indicators are available, and the choice of the set of indicators of sustainability are comprehensive.

Various statistical features can be used to characterize the surface in quantitative way. Such an analysis can be done by the multi-resolution capabilities of wavelet transforms (WT) of the surface microscopic image. A multi-scale molecular model can help to investigate the physical and chemical mechanism in manufacturing process. Multiresolution characterization can be performed on the model structure to compare with image analysis. In this book, we have used a soft polymeric surface and applied multiresolution characterization for surface feature extraction and multiscale modeling for optimizing system variables to get desired surface characteristics. In microfabrication, the efficiency of the product reduced by line-edge roughness (LER). Off-line LER characterization is usually based on the top-down SEM image. This book shows wavelet based segmentation method for edge searching region as well as wavelet based characterization. For mesoscale modeling, the Flory-Huggins interaction parameters of the clusters of atoms or molecules are used. We have identified the phase separation by spinodal decomposition resulting in the formation of LER on polymer surface.