Development of environmentally friendly products gains an increasing - portance in science and in industry. While product development was strongly dedicated to achieve quality, cost and time targets, environmental issues indirectly had always been under consideration by engineers, see Fig. 1. Furthermore a methodology for the development of environm- tally sound products was missing. Despite of significant progress in using computer aided tools for product development and design, environmental aspects were attended. Computer aided tools typically do not include methods for considering environmental issues enabling the designer to - sess a product's environmental effects. Fig. 1. Vision of Environment as a key target for product development v vi Preface Product related environmental issues are getting more and more political and public awareness. Development of environmentally friendly products has become an action item for both, politics and industry (UNFCCC 1997). Energy consumption is on the agenda and covers pollution and resource saving. Typical topics of directives of the European Union are waste, noise, air pollution, water, nature and biodiversity, soil protection, civil protection and climate change. After the translation into national law the development of environmentally friendly products is a basic approach to contribute to the fulfilment of the topics mentioned above. In the European Community a "Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament" on "Integrated Product Policy" was adopted on th 18 June 2003 (EC 2003).

The modern market economy is founded on economic growth and increasing consumption of manufactured products, leading to over use of resources and environmentally-damaging pollution. We can help protect the environment by focussing on the entire life-cycle of each manufactured product. A holistic view of every stage and process of a product's life-cycle is needed in order to find sound solutions to adverse environmental effects and help us develop a new generation of eco-designed products. Environmentally-friendly Product Development introduces methods to improve the environmental characteristics of products. Every manufactured product has environmental impacts during its life-cycle. These arise in the product's manufacture, use, recycling and disposal. In the past designers have focussed only on technical and economical aspects when developing new products, taking into account market-conditions and their company's resources. However, designing a product in accordance with environmental demands requires that designers consider potential influences from all part of its life-cycle. The book describes an integrated approach that assists designers to develop environmentally-friendly products, illustrating the methods and tools with case studies. Process and information modelling, life-cycle assessment and ecological product optimisation are surveyed in detail. Unique to Environmentally-friendly Product Development is the introduction of the Eco Design Workbench - a computer based design environment that supports the designer during the product development process. Environmentally-friendly Product Development is a comprehensive survey of environmental design. Readers will learn about thecomplexity of ecological product design and be introduced to methods and tools that can minimise environmental impacts. As well as a practical guide for product designers and design engineers, the book will provide managers in industry with an introduction to the environmental costs involved in a manufacturing economy and signposts to how these may be limited.

Reiner Anderl The Advanced Modelling part of the CAD*I project aimed at the development of a new generation of modelling techniques as a basic functionality of future CAD/CAM systems. The methodology and concepts for advanced modelling techniques, their availability in the communication interface of a CAD/CAM system and their influence on internal interfaces in the software architecture of a CAD/CAM system are fundamental results of advanced modelling work. These results form the basis for the development of a new generation of CAD/CAM systems which are called product modelling systems. CAD/CAM systems today mainly support the geometric description of a technical part or its description as a technical drawing. Advanced geometric modelling capabilities deal with parametric design functions embedded into CAD/CAM systems. However, development strategies for future CAD/CAM systems are directed toward the following: 1. The development of product modelling systems and 2. the development of integrated systems based on CAD, CAP (Computer Aided Planning), CAM and other CIM (Computer Integrated Manu facturing) functionalities."

Die Produktentwicklung durchlauft seit den letzten zwei Dekaden einen massiven Wandel, der auch heute weiter anhalt. Einflussgroessen auf diesen Wandel sind die zunehmende Integration der Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie sowohl in den Entwicklungsprozess als auch in die Produkte selbst, die Verringerung der Entwicklungstiefe bei gleichzeitiger Zunahme der Kooperation zwischen Hersteller und Zulieferanten sowie die voranschreitende und zunehmende Internationalisierung. Gerade die zunehmende Integration von Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie in den Produktentwicklungsprozess und in Produkte selbst bewirkt einen Paradigmenwechsel, der den Wandel von einer an Disziplinen orientierten Vorgehensweise hin zu einer interdisziplinaren, durch rechnerintegrierte Methoden getragenen und auf digitalen Modellen basierenden Vorgehensweise beinhaltet. Der Begriff "Smart Engineering" steht fur interdisziplinares, vernetztes, intelligentes, kluges Vorgehen in der Produktentwicklung, um attraktive Innovationen erfolgreich in zukunftigen intelligenten, vernetzten Produkten zu ermoeglichen.

Die TU Darmstadt setzte in Kooperation mit namhaften Industrieunternehmen EcoDesign nachhaltig in deren Unternehmenspraxis um. Der Forschungsbereich wurde von der DFG gef rdert und erzielte praxisnahe und nachvollziehbare Ergebnisse: zuk nftige rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen, Implementierung, Entwicklung umweltgerechter Energiespeicher, Arbeitsmittel f r Investitionsg ter u.v.m. Plus: konkrete Fallbeispiele, Umsetzungsleitfaden f r Anwender.

Heute entstehen zunehmend branchenubergreifende Projektgruppen, welche gemeinsame Losungen fur komplexe, technische Produkte erarbeiten. Dieses Buch tragt dazu bei, die grundlegenden Anforderungen an eine branchenubergreifende Rechnerunterstutzung aufzuzeigen und die Moglichkeiten ganzheitlicher Ansatze zu verdeutlichen. Besondere Berucksichtigung findet dabei die Integration der Informationsverarbeitung in allen Phasen des Produktentstehungsprozesses. Dieser "state-of-the-art"-Report stellt exemplarisch die Erfahrungen des Karlsruher CAD/CAM-Schwerpunktes dar, weist auf zukunftige Entwicklungsansatze hin und gibt wichtige Hinweise fur den praktischen Einsatz von CAD/CAM-Technologien.

Die Normenreihe ISO 10303 (STEP) stellt die wesentliche Grundlage der Produktdatentechnologie dar. Mit der zunehmenden Verbreitung in den unterschiedlichsten Ingenieurdisziplinen sind heute Ansatze zur Integration von CA-Systemen ohne STEP undenkbar. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt die Einfuhrung von STEP fur alle technischen Unternehmen sowie auch die Weiterentwicklung der Produktdatennorm eine grosse Herausforderung dar. Das vorliegende Buch soll einen fundierten Einblick in die STEP Technologie ermoglichen. Thematische Schwerpunkte wie Leistungsumfang, Implementierung und Normung von STEP werden im Zusammenhang mit industriellen Anforderungen an die Produktdatentechnologie betrachtet und bewertet. Ausgehend von einer Betrachtung industrieller Kooperationsmodelle an den Produktentstehungsprozessen wird die Komplexitat sowie der Integrationsbedarf von CA-Systemen und deren Produktdaten dargestellt. Es folgen ausfuhrliche Erlauterungen zu den Inhalten der Normenreihe STEP. Dabei werden auf die Modellierungssprache EXPRESS, den Aufbau und die Inhalte der Datenmodelle sowie die Implementierungsmethoden eingegangen. Die Einbettung von STEP in relevante begleitende Standards wie CORBA, JAVA und SGML sowie unterstutzende Technologien wie Internet/Intranet wird ausfuhrlich erlautert. Weitere Schwerpunkte sind die Implementierung von STEP sowie die Einfuhrung bzw. die Anwendung von STEP basierten Softwareprodukten. Beispiele aus der industriellen Einfuhrung und Anwendung von STEP runden das Gesamtbild ab und stellen den Praxisbezug her."

Testing and optimizing the performance of digital products with Siemens NX and Simcenter 3D In times of Industry 4.0 the digitalization of the value-chain becomes more and more important. The so-called digital twin allows simulations that are very close to reality. This book provides all necessary basics to perform simple as well as complex simulations with NX and Simcenter 3D (former NX CAE). It is aimed at design engineers, CAE engineers and engineering students. The following topics are covered in the book: Motion Simulation (MBD) Design Simulation (FEA, Nastran) Simcenter/Advanced Simulation (FEA, CFD and EM) Management of Calculation and Simulation Data (Teamcenter for Simulation) Starting off with brief theoretical introductions each chapter contains learning tasks of increasing difficulty. Most of them are based on the CAD model of the legendary Opel RAK2. The presented methods are based on NX 12 and Simcenter 3D, the new 3D CAE solution. Revised topics in this edition are Motion Simulation with the LMS solver and post-processing in Simcenter (FEA). The CAD data and calculation results of all exercises can be found online. The exercises can be completed in NX 11, NX 12 and probably later versions.