Engineering Aspects of Membrane Separation and Application in Food Processing presents an overview and introduction to a wide range of membrane processes, their unique characteristics and challenges. In the food industry, as in many industries, membranes have an environmental advantage over conventional processes that they displace, because they are less energy intensive. The processing at near-ambient conditions also retains flavors and nutritional value. These advantages, together with significant reductions in the cost of membrane modules, augers well for their future not only in the dairy industry but in other parts of the food industry, such as alcohol processing, animal product processing, and fruit and vegetable processing. Chapters address a wide range of membranes separations in the food and beverage industries, and applications are provided that will be of value not only to food engineers but also to process engineers working in other areas. The processing of food is now a highly interdisciplinary science, and anyone concerned with food processing will benefit from reading this book and understanding what membrane processes of the twenty-first century have to offer.

These seven lectures are intended to serve as an introduction for beginning graduate students to the spectra of small molecules. The author succeeds in illustrating the concepts by using language and metaphors that capture and elegantly convey simple insights into dynamics that lie beyond archival molecular constants. The lectures can simultaneously be viewed as a collection of interlocking special topics that have fascinated the author and his students over the years. Though neither a textbook nor a scholarly monograph, the book provides an illuminating perspective that will benefit students and researchers alike.

This book is written for graduate students just beginning research, for theorists curious about what experimentalists actually can and do measure, and for experimentalists bewildered by theory. It is a guide for potential users of spectroscopic data, and uses language and concepts that bridge the frequency-and time-domain spectroscopic communities.

Key topics, concepts, and techniques include: the assignment of simple spectra, basic experimental techniques, definition of Born-Oppenheimer and angular momentum basis sets and the associated spectroscopic energy level patterns (Hund's cases), construction of effective Hamiltonian matrices to represent both spectra and dynamics, terms neglected in the Born-Oppenheimer approximation (situations intermediate between Hund's cases, spectroscopic perturbations), nonlinear least squares fitting, calculation and interpretation of coupling terms, semi-classical (WKB) approximation, transition intensities and interference effects, direct photofragmentation (dissociation and ionization) and indirect photofragmentation (predissociation and autoionization) processes, visualization of intramolecular dynamics, quantum beats and wavepackets, treatment of decaying quasi-eigenstates using a complex Heff model, and concluding with some examples of polyatomic molecule dynamics.

Students will discover that there is a fascinating world of cause-and-effect localized dynamics concealed beyond the reduction of spectra to archival molecular constants and the exact ab initio computation of molecular properties. Professional spectroscopists, kinetics, ab initio theorists will appreciate the practical, simplified-model, and rigorous theoretical approaches discussed in this book.

Key Features:

A fundamental reference for all spectra of small, gas-phase molecules.

It is the most up-to-date and comprehensive book on the electronic spectroscopy and dynamics of diatomic molecules.

The authors pioneered the development of many of the experimental methods, concepts, models, and computational schemes described in this book.

*A fundamental reference for all spectra of small, gas-phase molecules
*It is the most up-to-date and comprehensive book on the electronic spectroscopy and dynamics of diatomic molecules.
*The authors pioneered the development of many of the experimental methods, concepts, models, and computational schemes described in this book."