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This title uses oral history methodology to record stories of
people who experienced the brunt of racist forced removals in the
city of Cape Town, South Africa. Through life stories and community
case studies, it traces the human impact of this disruptive, often
violent feature of apartheid's social engineering.
Until recently, development economists tended to assume a role
for private enterprise in reducing poverty, but they didn't
articulate it explicitly. The new institutional economics
literature, with its emphasis on transaction costs, addresses the
environment in which private businesses operate in various
countries - the "investment climate."
Building on this new thinking, Pathways Out of Poverty begins by
citing the worldwide drop in the number of very poor people and
goes on to identify the ways in which private firms and farms
contribute to economic mobility and poverty reduction and what
governments can do to enhance this contribution. In four Parts, the
editors and contributors address economic mobility, offer numerous
global examples, consider the importance of good investment
climates, and examine the impact of public policies and public
attitudes. Their theory, hard economic analysis, and case studies
provide rich and innovative mechanisms for reducing poverty in
developing and transition countries.
"This book provides an informative global perspective on soilless
culture systems (SCS) around the world...the book promises to bring
together the current best practice in SCS horticulture to create an
important industry reference for all participants." ISHS - Chronica
Horticulturae Soilless cultivation techniques (including hydroponic
systems) have attracted growing attention as a way of growing
horticultural crops more efficiently without taking up more land.
These controlled environment systems are also less vulnerable to
climate change and are particularly suited to urban farming as part
of the shift to more localised, circular food systems. Advances in
horticultural soilless culture provides a comprehensive assessment
of recent research in this important area, paying close attention
to the advances in optimising substrates for soilless cultivation,
as well as the developments in solid and liquid-medium container
systems, fertigation systems, modelling and process control. The
collection includes case studies on horticultural crops such as
tomatoes, strawberries and ornamentals. With its distinguished
editor and international range of expert authors, Advances in
horticultural soilless culture will be a standard reference for
university and other researchers involved in horticultural science,
hydroponics and soilless cultivation. It will also be a valuable
resource for government and other agencies supporting vertical and
urban farming systems, as well as companies involved in this
sector.
More than three billion people, nearly half of humankind, live on
less than two-and-a-half U.S. dollars per person per day. Studies
have shown repeatedly that the main and often the sole asset of the
poor is their labor. It follows that to understand global poverty
one must understand labor markets and labor earnings in the
developing world. Excellent books exist on ending world poverty
that discuss in depth many important aspects of economic
development but do not focus on employment and self-employment,
work and non-work. Working Hard, Working Poor fills in where the
other books leave off. Issues of analyzing poverty and low earnings
in the developing world are quite different from those in the
developed world. The discourse in the developed world is about
incentive effects of social welfare programs, cultures of poverty,
single-parenthood, homelessness, drug and alcohol abuse, ill
health, mental illness, domestic violence, and the like. But in the
developing world, different issues predominate, such as own-account
work and household enterprises, agricultural work, casual
employment, and informal work. And some of the policy
issues-stimulating economic growth, harnessing the energies of the
private sector, increasing paid employment, and raising the returns
to self-employment-take a different twist. This book shows how
people in poverty work, what has been effective in helping the poor
earn their way out of poverty, and how readers might help.
In this original and highly readable book, Peter S. Field explains
how Ralph Waldo Emerson became the first democratic intellectual in
American history. By focusing on his public career, Field contends
that Emerson was a democrat in two senses: he single-handedly
sought to create a vocation equal to his conviction that America
represented the democratic promise of the western world; and as
importantly, he acted the part of the democrat by attempting to
bring culture to all Americans. Utterly disaffected with the
self-satisfied Boston Brahmin establishment into which he had been
born, he set forth through the nation in order to assume the role
of conscience, critic, and gentle exhorter to the people. More poet
than philosopher, Emerson demands to be understood as a public
intellectual. Peter Field deftly portrays Emerson as he attempted
to create himself-as a unique, irenic prophet to the American
people.
How often do working-class children obtain college degrees and then
pursue professional careers? Conversely, how frequently do the
children of doctors and lawyers fail to enter high status careers
upon completion of their schooling? As inequalities of wealth and
income have increased in industrialized nations over the past 30
years, have patterns of between-generation mobility changed?
In this volume, leading sociologists and economists present
original findings and conceptual arguments in response to questions
like these. After assessing the range of mobility patterns observed
in recent decades, the volume considers the mechanisms that
generate mobility, focusing on both the training and skills that
are rewarded in the labor market as well as the role of educational
institutions in certifying graduates for professional positions.
The volume concludes with chapters that assess the contexts of
social mobility, examining the impact of macroeconomic conditions
and societal levels of inequality on social and economic mobility.
This volume represents the formal presentations and discussions
which took place during a three-day meeting in March 1988 at The
University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston. It is"
dedicated to my friend of more than thirty years, Prof. Dr. Klaus
Joachim Ziilch, who died in Berlin on December 2. 1988 while this
volume was still in preparation. Klaus Zulch had devoted a
significant portion of his professional life to a better
understanding of central nervous tumors. Over the past two decades
he served as the Director of the Collaborating Center for CNS
Tumors, under the auspices of the World Health Organization (WHO),
and it was largely through his efforts that the work of the CelJ.
ter in developing criteria for a histologic classification of these
neoplasms was kept alive. Without his stimulus this Houston meeting
would probably not have taken place. In early 1987 he approached me
with the idea of convening, at an early date, a meeting in Houston
in collaboration with the Department of Neuro-Oncology of the
Cancer Center, of which I was then Chairman. The purpose of this
proposed meeting was to discuss recent research developments that
might have a profound influence on the classification of brain
tumors and ultimately necessitate revision of the "Blue Book" of
the WHO on Histological Typing 0/ Tumours 0/ the Central Nervous
System.
This book uses oral history methodology to record stories of people
who experienced the brunt of racist forced removals in the city of
Cape Town, South Africa. Through life stories and community case
studies, it traces the human impact of this disruptive, often
violent feature of apartheid's social engineering.
How often do working-class children obtain college degrees and then
pursue professional careers? Conversely, how frequently do the
children of doctors and lawyers fail to enter high status careers
upon completion of their schooling? As inequalities of wealth and
income have increased in industrialized nations over the past 30
years, have patterns of between-generation mobility changed? In
this volume, leading sociologists and economists present original
findings and conceptual arguments in response to questions like
these. After assessing the range of mobility patterns observed in
recent decades, the volume considers the mechanisms that generate
mobility, focusing on both the training and skills that are
rewarded in the labor market as well as the role of educational
institutions in certifying graduates for professional positions.
The volume concludes with chapters that assess the contexts of
social mobility, examining the impact of macroeconomic conditions
and societal levels of inequality on social and economic mobility.
This text describes a system of reporting breast fine needle
aspiration biopsy that uses five clearly defined categories, each
described by a specific term and each with a specific risk of
malignancy. The five categories are insufficient/inadequate,
benign, atypical, suspicious of malignancy and malignant. Each
category has a risk of malignancy and is linked to management
recommendations, which include several options because it is
recognized that diagnostic infrastructure, such as the availability
of core needle biopsy and ultrasound guidance, vary between
developed and low and middle income countries. This text includes
key diagnostic cytological criteria for each of the many lesions
and tumors found in the breast. The cytopathology of specific
lesions is illustrated with high quality photomicrographs with
clear figure descriptions. Chapters also discuss current and
potential future ancillary tests, liquid based cytology, nipple
cytology and management. An additional chapter provides an overview
of an approach to the diagnosis of direct smears of breast fine
needle aspiration biopsies. The International Academy of Cytology
Yokohama System for Reporting Breast Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy
Cytopathology provides a clear logical approach to the diagnosis
and categorization of breast lesions by FNAB cytology, and aims to
facilitate communication with breast clinicians, further research
into breast cytopathology and related molecular pathology, and
improve patient care.
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