This highly practical reference presents for the first time in a single volume all types of environmental degradation a metallic compound may undergo during its processing, storage, and service. Clarifying general and localized corrosion effects, Environmental Degradation of Metals describes the effects of atmospheric exposure, high-temperature gases, soil, water, weak and strong chemicals, liquid metals, and nuclear radiation. It determines whether corrosion can occur under a given set of conditions, shows how improvements in component design can reduce corrosion, and details the high- and low-temperature effects of oxidizing agents. The book also investigates the instantaneous and delayed failure of solid metal in contact with liquid metal, highlights the influence of hydrogen on metal, and profiles radiation effects on metal.

Written in a simple and lucid language, this book at the outset, presents a thorough introduction to the subject. Different measurement errors with their types and nature are described along with measurement of horizontal distances and electronic distances measurements. This text covers in detail the topics in levelling, angles and directions and compass survey. The functions and uses of different instruments, such as theodolites, tacheometers and stadia rods are also covered in the text. Besides, the book elaborates different fields of surveying, such as plane table surveying, topographical surveying, construction surveying and underground surveys. Finally, the book includes a chapter on computer applications in surveying.

More stress has been given to the Limit State Method of Analysis which is based on the ultimate strength of the structures. More examples on Limit State Method of Analysis and Design have been included. Limit State Method of Design has been illustrated in the Chapters on Foundation and Footing (Chapter 9) as well as for Retaining Walls In Chapter 13, in which Design features of Building Frames have provided including provisions in Limit State Method, a section has been included for discussion on Seismic Method of Analysis for Buildings. This will be helpful for the students and the designers. In Chapter 16, a section has been included on the Design of Overhead Water Tanks and Staging. An example on Design of an Overhead Water Tank including the staging has been inserted. Chapter 15, discussing Yield Lime Theory and Strip Methods has been retained, as these are connected with the ulitmate Design of Reinforced Concrete Slabs. Chapter 17, dealing with Deflections, Limit Method of Analysis and Cracking of concrete are important when design of structures are done on basis of ultimate strengths. A new Chapter on Deep Beam has been included as Chapter 19 with several examples on design of Deep Beam, used in hoppers, sides. Chapter 20 has been added for discussion as Distribution of Concentrated Loads, other related problems and Design of Bridges and Box Culverts. Suitable examples on Design of Slab and Deck Girder Bridges and Box Culverts have also been included. Besides a typical design of a R.C. Jetty supported on piles has also been included.