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This book brings together the emerging trends and techniques
incorporated in regional science during the first two decades of
this millennium. The book includes systematic and analytical notes
making scientific commentary on the innovative methods of regional
development, measurement of the development, regional development
models, and policy measures that have significant implications and
wide applicability instrumental for India as well as the other
global south countries. There is clear evidence in the global south
of the uneven spatial distribution of resources, economic
activities, literacy, and health conditions. The most striking fact
is the coexistence of development and underdevelopment that makes
the planning process complicated. This can hardly be explored
without taking a deep insight into the matter of how the regional
parameters are impacting regional society or economy to shape the
development of that region. There can be no effective global policy
framework that will be effective equally for each and every region
to mitigate local issues of society or economy. It is here that the
book integrates the efforts of practitioners working towards
addressing these regional issues and striving for sustainable
regional development through their innovative ideas. Through its
contributions, the book addresses development issues, regional
impact of climate change, social justice, migration, well-being,
livelihood vulnerabilities, and regional urban-environmental issues
from the standpoint of regional science. It is a significant
resource for researchers of spatial science, and policy makers.
This book brings together the emerging trends and techniques
incorporated in regional science during the first two decades of
this millennium. The book includes systematic and analytical notes
making scientific commentary on the innovative methods of regional
development, measurement of the development, regional development
models, and policy measures that have significant implications and
wide applicability instrumental for India as well as the other
global south countries. There is clear evidence in the global south
of the uneven spatial distribution of resources, economic
activities, literacy, and health conditions. The most striking fact
is the coexistence of development and underdevelopment that makes
the planning process complicated. This can hardly be explored
without taking a deep insight into the matter of how the regional
parameters are impacting regional society or economy to shape the
development of that region. There can be no effective global policy
framework that will be effective equally for each and every region
to mitigate local issues of society or economy. It is here that the
book integrates the efforts of practitioners working towards
addressing these regional issues and striving for sustainable
regional development through their innovative ideas. Through its
contributions, the book addresses development issues, regional
impact of climate change, social justice, migration, well-being,
livelihood vulnerabilities, and regional urban-environmental issues
from the standpoint of regional science. It is a significant
resource for researchers of spatial science, and policy makers.
This book acquaints readers with a range of techniques to help them
effectively identify, record, map, analyze and report on patterns
in various dimensions of human development (HD) with spatial scales
down to the village level. It is impossible to capture HD at the
local and global scale with only a single index, because
differences in HD at the international scale are caused by
'general' factors, whereas local-scale differences are influenced
by 'specific' factors. This book offers a variety of methods for
scientifically mapping HD at any spatial scale. It covers how to
rationally select variables; how to test the models; how to
validate the results, and how to analyze them. For this purpose, it
employs a case study on an Indian district. The socio-economic
factors regulating the patterns of HD are now more complex than
they were only a few decades ago, making it essential to
incorporate newer models in order to successfully 'replicate' the
real-world situation. Accordingly, the book offers essential
methodological tools & techniques for mapping HD. It sheds new
light on a handful of statistical multivariate analysis and machine
learning algorithms that are rarely used in the social sciences
when dealing with HD, yet have sound mathematical and statistical
bases. These techniques can be successfully used for predictive
analysis in the earth & natural sciences, decision sciences and
management disciplines, and are equally effective in terms of
capturing, predicting and projecting the composite HD 'landscape.'
This book will especially benefit two groups of readers: firstly,
HD practitioners who want to find out 'why some areas are doing
better than others' by exploring the complex interactions of
spatially linked variables with different HD parameters. And
secondly, practitioners in other branches of the social sciences
who are not concerned with HD but are looking for 'hands-on
training' with techniques they can apply in their respective field
of spatial investigations.
This book discusses how to collect data and analyze databases in
order to map risk zones, and contributes to developing a conceptual
framework for coastal risk assessment. Further, the book primarily
focuses on a specific case study: the Bay of Bengal along the
southeastern coast of India. The dramatic rise in losses and
casualties due to natural disasters like wind, storm-surge-induced
flooding, seismic hazards and tsunami incidence along this coast
over the past few decades has prompted a major national scientific
initiative investigating the probable causes and possible
mitigation strategies. As such, geoscientists are called upon to
analyze the coastal hazards by anticipating the changes in and
impacts of extreme weather hazards on the Bay of Bengal coasts as a
result of global climate change and local sea-level change.
This book discusses the perceptions and sketches, geological
background, materials and coastal processes of the East Coast of
India. It also suggests strategies for effectively managing natural
coastal processes in these areas. India has a coastline of about
7,516 km with a variety of coastal extensions, which developed at
different time scales, producing permanent variations in the
morphologies of the coastal areas through hydrodynamic, fluvial,
aeolian and terrestrial processes. The book focuses on the Balasore
coast, an area drained by three main rivers (the Subarnarekha, the
Dugdeugi and the Burahbolong), which impacts the coastal
morphodynamic processes of the area and accounts for their
multifaceted nature. Large drops or increases in the sediment
supply within a short time span or over prolonged periods cause
shoreline shifting. Eight satellite images from 1975, 1980, 1990,
1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2013 were used to measure the shoreline
dynamics, and a reference line was established using first order
polynomial model with base data with 0.5 pixel root mean square
error (RMSE) accuracy. The end point rate (EPR) model was adopted
for estimating the future position of the shoreline. In order to
assess the beach morphodynamics, the coastal modeling system (SMC)
was used, which incorporates with a series of appliances and
numerical models structured consistent with the space and time
scale of the different dynamics affecting the littoral and beach
morphology based on diverse thematic and reference documents. This
study employed short-term analysis using the MOPLA module of the
SMC system, which consists of three attached modules: the wave
transformation module (Oluca), the depth-averaged currents module
(Copla) and the sediment transport and morphological evolution
module (Eros). The shoreline dynamics findings show that the
magnitude of erosion is higher in the northern part of the
coastline in the left bank area of the Subarnarekha river estuary
and in the estuarine part of the Dugdugi and Burahbalang rivers.
The southern part of the shoreline near Rasalpur and Joydevkasba is
relatively stable, and the study suggests that the current
shoreline shift trend will continue in the future. The SMC model
indicates that the wave height, significant wave height, current
velocity and the potential transport of sediment at the Kirtaniya
study point are high, while at Choumukh they are low and at the
Rasalpur study point they are intermediate.
This book acquaints readers with a range of techniques to help them
effectively identify, record, map, analyze and report on patterns
in various dimensions of human development (HD) with spatial scales
down to the village level. It is impossible to capture HD at the
local and global scale with only a single index, because
differences in HD at the international scale are caused by
'general' factors, whereas local-scale differences are influenced
by 'specific' factors. This book offers a variety of methods for
scientifically mapping HD at any spatial scale. It covers how to
rationally select variables; how to test the models; how to
validate the results, and how to analyze them. For this purpose, it
employs a case study on an Indian district. The socio-economic
factors regulating the patterns of HD are now more complex than
they were only a few decades ago, making it essential to
incorporate newer models in order to successfully 'replicate' the
real-world situation. Accordingly, the book offers essential
methodological tools & techniques for mapping HD. It sheds new
light on a handful of statistical multivariate analysis and machine
learning algorithms that are rarely used in the social sciences
when dealing with HD, yet have sound mathematical and statistical
bases. These techniques can be successfully used for predictive
analysis in the earth & natural sciences, decision sciences and
management disciplines, and are equally effective in terms of
capturing, predicting and projecting the composite HD 'landscape.'
This book will especially benefit two groups of readers: firstly,
HD practitioners who want to find out 'why some areas are doing
better than others' by exploring the complex interactions of
spatially linked variables with different HD parameters. And
secondly, practitioners in other branches of the social sciences
who are not concerned with HD but are looking for 'hands-on
training' with techniques they can apply in their respective field
of spatial investigations.
Urban Heat Island Modeling for Tropical Climates takes into account
the different urban physics in tropical environments, presenting a
way of UHI scaling for tropical cities. Topics include measuring,
modeling and proper mitigation strategies, which account for the
surface energy balance of tropics. Tropical cities are more
susceptible to the effects of projected global warming because of
conditions in tropical climates and the rapid growth of so many
cities in this zone. The need for research on measuring, modeling
and mitigation of UHI effects in tropical cities is of growing
importance. This book walks through the basics of Urban Heat
Islands, including causes, measurement and analysis then expands
upon issues as well as the novel techniques that can be used to
address issues specific to the region.
This book focuses on vulnerability issues associated with urban
development over Dehradun paleo-alluvial fan. The city of Dehradun
occupies the central part of the elongated piggy back syncline Doon
Valley and sits on loose unconsolidated coarse clastic Doon gravels
derived from the Lesser Himalayas being deposited by Bindal and
Rispana river systems during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene age.
Rapid and unmatched conversion of land into continuously built up
area over the tectonically active, geomorphologically sensitive,
structurally feeble, and hydrologically incapable area has grossly
obliterated the natural setting. Thus the age old city has become
susceptible to various physical hazards. The city area has been
divided into geomorphological units having varying risk of being
affected by different hazards like flash flood, landslide, and
earthquake. This work examines the nature of urban space juxtaposed
upon the physical space offered by the alluvial fan using satellite
images; analyses of sedimentary facies, hydrological data and shear
wave velocity data. Such information have been fused in GIS
platform to a vulnerability map. This book is likely to help the
urban planners.
This book, through a bunch of systematic and analytical notes and
scientific commentaries, acquaints the readers with the innovative
methods of regional development, measurement of the development in
regional scale, regional development models, and policy
prescriptions. Conceptualizing development as a regional process is
a geographer's brainchild, and the sense of region has long been
rooted deeply in the fundamental research practices that
geographers are accustomed to. The geographical perspective of
regions entails conceptualizing them nested horizontally as the
formal region and hierarchical relationships in space with spatial
flows or interactions as the functional region. In geographical
research, the region works as a tool by serving as a statistical
unit of analysis. More importantly, however, regions serve as the
fundamental spatial units of management and planning by specifying
a territory or a part of it for which a certain spatial development
or regulatory plan is sought. This book addresses the complex
processes in different regions of the world, particularly South
Asia, to perceive the regional development planning involved and
the sustainable management practiced there. The book is a useful
resource for socio-economic planners, policymakers, and policy
researchers.
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