This book provides an overview of the problems involved in engineering scalable, elastic, and cost-efficient cloud computing services and describes the CloudScale method - a description of rescuing tools and the required steps to exploit these tools. It allows readers to analyze the scalability problem in detail and identify scalability anti-patterns and bottlenecks within an application. With the CloudScale method, software architects can analyze both existing and planned IT services. The method allows readers to answer questions like: * With an increasing number of users, can my service still deliver acceptable quality of service? * What if each user uses the service more intensively? Can my service still handle it with acceptable quality of service? * What if the number of users suddenly increases? Will my service still be able to handle it? * Will my service be cost-efficient? First the book addresses the importance of scalability, elasticity, and cost-efficiency as vital quality-related attributes of modern cloud computing applications. Following a brief overview of CloudScale, cloud computing applications are then introduced in detail and the aspects that need to be captured in models of such applications are discussed. In CloudScale, these aspects are captured in instances of the ScaleDL modeling language. Subsequently, the book describes the forward engineering part of CloudScale, which is applicable when developing a new service. It also outlines the reverse and reengineering parts of CloudScale, which come into play when an existing (legacy) service is modified. Lastly, the book directly focuses on the needs of both business-oriented and technical managers by providing guidance on all steps of implementing CloudScale as well as making decisions during that implementation. The demonstrators and reference projects described serve as a valuable starting point for learning from experience. This book is meant for all stakeholders interested in delivering scalable, elastic, and cost-efficient cloud computing applications: managers, product owners, software architects and developers alike. With this book, they can both see the overall picture as well as dive into issues of particular interest.

This book provides an overview of the problems involved in engineering scalable, elastic, and cost-efficient cloud computing services and describes the CloudScale method - a description of rescuing tools and the required steps to exploit these tools. It allows readers to analyze the scalability problem in detail and identify scalability anti-patterns and bottlenecks within an application. With the CloudScale method, software architects can analyze both existing and planned IT services. The method allows readers to answer questions like: * With an increasing number of users, can my service still deliver acceptable quality of service? * What if each user uses the service more intensively? Can my service still handle it with acceptable quality of service? * What if the number of users suddenly increases? Will my service still be able to handle it? * Will my service be cost-efficient? First the book addresses the importance of scalability, elasticity, and cost-efficiency as vital quality-related attributes of modern cloud computing applications. Following a brief overview of CloudScale, cloud computing applications are then introduced in detail and the aspects that need to be captured in models of such applications are discussed. In CloudScale, these aspects are captured in instances of the ScaleDL modeling language. Subsequently, the book describes the forward engineering part of CloudScale, which is applicable when developing a new service. It also outlines the reverse and reengineering parts of CloudScale, which come into play when an existing (legacy) service is modified. Lastly, the book directly focuses on the needs of both business-oriented and technical managers by providing guidance on all steps of implementing CloudScale as well as making decisions during that implementation. The demonstrators and reference projects described serve as a valuable starting point for learning from experience. This book is meant for all stakeholders interested in delivering scalable, elastic, and cost-efficient cloud computing applications: managers, product owners, software architects and developers alike. With this book, they can both see the overall picture as well as dive into issues of particular interest.

Models are used in all kinds of engineering disciplines to abstract from the various details of the modelled entity in order to focus on a speci?c aspect. Like a blueprint in civil engineering, a software architecture providesan abstraction from the full software system's complexity. It allows software designers to get an overview on the system underdevelopmentandtoanalyzeitsproperties.Inthissense, modelsarethefoundation needed for software development to become a true engineering discipline. Especially when reasoning on a software system's extra-functional properties, its software architecture carries the necessary information for early, design-time analyses. These analyses take the software architecture as input and can be used to direct the design process by allowing a systematic evaluation of different design alternatives. For example, they can be used to cancel out decisions which would lead to architecture - signs whose implementation would not comply with extra-functionalrequirements like performance or reliability constraints. Besides such quality attributes directly visible to the end user, internal quality attributes, e.g., maintainability, also highly depend on the system's architecture. In addition to the above-mentioned technical aspects of software architecture m- els, non-technical aspects, especially project management-related activities, require an explicit software architecture model. The models are used as input for cost esti- tions, time-, deadline-, and resource planning for the development teams. They serve the project management activities of planning, executing, and controlling, which are necessary to deliver high-quality software systems in time and within the budget.

The goal of software engineering is to achieve high-quality software in a cost-effective, timely, and reproducible manner. Advances in technology offer reductions in cost and schedule, but their effect on software quality often remains unknown. The International Conferenceon the Quality of Software Architectures(QoSA 2005)focusedon software architectures and their relation to software quality, while the International Workshop on Software Quality (SOQUA 2005) mainly focused on quality assurance and more precisely on software testing. These events complement each other in their view on software quality. One of the main motivations for explicitly modelling software architectures is to enable reasoning on software quality. From a software engineering perspective, a so- ware architecture not only depicts the coarse-grained structure of a program, but also includes additional information such as the program's dynamics (i. e., the ?ows of c- trol through the system) and the mapping of its components and connections to e- cution environments (such as hardware processors, virtual machines, network conn- tions, and the like). In this area, QoSA 2005is concernedwith researchand experiences that investigate the in?uence a speci?c software architecturehas on software quality - pects. Additionally, the developmentof methodsto evaluate software architectureswith respect to these quality attributes is considered to be an important topic. The quality - tributes of interest include external properties, such as reliability and ef?ciency, as well as internal properties, such as maintainability.

Dieses Buch aus der Anti-Stress-Trainer-Reihe ist auf die Berufsgruppe der Handelsvertreter zugeschnitten. Ein hohes Arbeitspensum sowie Termin- und Erfolgsdruck und der Umgang mit schwierigen Kunden sind nur einige der Stressoren. Der Tatigkeitsbereich hat sich gewandelt und dennoch ist eines gleichgeblieben: Der Handelsvertreter steht im Spannungsfeld zwischen den Bedurfnissen der zu vertretenden Firmen, der Kunden und seiner eigenen. Diesem Spannungsfeld gerecht zu werden, ohne sich selbst aus den Augen zu verlieren, ist ein Balanceakt, der taglich neu gemeistert werden muss. Dieses Buch kann dem Leser wichtige Hilfestellungen bieten. Der Autor geht auf die unterschiedlichen Anforderungen von den zu vertretenden Unternehmen, der Kunden, der Familien und Freunde ein und zeigt dem Leser Wege auf, wie er den Arbeitsalltag selbstbestimmt und ausgeglichen meistern kann, ohne in die Stressfalle zu geraten.

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2004 im Fachbereich Geowissenschaften / Geographie - Fremdenverkehrsgeographie, Note: 2,3, Christian-Albrechts-Universitat Kiel (Geographisches Institut), Veranstaltung: Geographie des Tourismus, 29 Quellen im Literaturverzeichnis, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Das Thema dieser Hausarbeit ist der Tourismus in der Dritten Welt. Mit Hilfe dieser schriftlichen Ausarbeitung sollen die Dimension und die Formen des Dritte-Welt-Tourismus dargestellt werden. Des weiteren sollen die Auswirkungen auf die Ziellander in wirtschaftlicher, soziokultureller und okologischer Hinsicht untersucht werden. Um den Einstieg in diese Thematik zu vereinfachen folgt im Anschluss an diese Einleitung ein kurzes Kapitel mit Definitionen von Tourismus und Entwicklungslandern. Die zentrale Fragestellung innerhalb dieser Arbeit ist, inwieweit der Tourismus in den Ziellandern als Motor der Entwicklung und des wirtschaftlichen Aufschwungs zu sehen ist oder ob die Vorteile durch den Tourismus in den Entwicklungslandern" doch eher marginal sind und die Nachteile und negativen Auswirkungen uberwiegen. Der letzte Themenblock beinhaltet ein Fazit und die Beantwortung der zentralen Fragestellung.

Diplomarbeit aus dem Jahr 2007 im Fachbereich Geowissenschaften / Geographie - Wirtschaftsgeographie, Note: 1,0, Christian-Albrechts-Universitat Kiel (Geographisches Institut), 79 Quellen im Literaturverzeichnis, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to introduce impact monitoring as a tool of assessing improvement in development projects with a focus on sustainable management of natural resources at municipal level. The impact monitoring system is introduced in theory as well as in practice on the basis of project examples in South Africa. The South African Government identified inappropriate utilization of natural resources leading to degradation and impacting negatively on the economic potential and on biodiversity of rural areas as a main obstacle for development. This overexploitation and degradation of the natural resources due to lack of alternative opportunities for subsistence and income generation finally reduces further income generating opportunities in the long term. This lead to an innovative, participatory conservation approach called Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM). CBNRM attempts, simultaneously, to secure rural people's livelihoods, improve the natural resource base, and to strengthen local governance potential. In contrast to earlier strategies which have dealt with resource protection and/or nature conservation, now the community with its ecological as well as economic problems takes centre stage. In this context a paradigm shift from nature conservation and resource protection at all costs to nature conservation and resource protection for and by the local population has taken place. Therefore, the community itself is the centre of the support measures.