This is the first complete pictorial field guide to all the known Neotropical Primates/Monkeys of the New World. All taxa are depicted in full color by illustrators Stephen Nash and Piero Gozzaglio according to their phylogeography. Moreover, splash pages containing many, often unique photographs taken by the author of both monkeys in the wild or kept free-ranging in several rehabs/halfway houses run by him over more than 16 years in the rain forest at about 30 km from the city of Manaus-AM, Brazil. Included are also a number of recently identified but not yet published taxa new to science, among which several of the largest-sized Amazonian monkeys (i.e., Ateles, Lagothrix, Chiropotes, Cacajao).