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Arsenic contamination poses a major environmental problem,
especially in Southeast Asian countries like Bangladesh and India.
Threatening the health of millions of people due to arsenic's
toxicity and carcinogenicity, the major routes of arsenic exposure
for humans are either through drinking water or crops. Rice is the
crop most affected by arsenic owing to its cultivation in major
arsenic contaminated areas, biogeochemical factors in the soil
during rice growth, and specific features of rice that enable it
take up more arsenic than other crop plants. This book addresses
the problem of arsenic by pursuing a holistic approach. It presents
the status quo in different parts of the world (North and South
America, Europe, Asia, etc.) and provides essential information on
food-related arsenic exposure risks for humans, and possible
preventive and curative measures for tackling arsenic poisoning. It
covers the arsenic contamination status of rice, rice-based
products, other vegetables, fishes, mushrooms, and other foods,
with a special focus on rice-arsenic interactions. The mechanisms
of arsenic uptake, translocation and distribution in plants and
grains are also explained. In closing, the book reviews a variety
of prospective agronomic and biotechnological solutions to the
problem of arsenic accumulation in rice grains. The book is
intended for a broad audience including researchers, scientists,
and readers with diverse backgrounds including agriculture,
environmental science, food science, environmental management, and
human health. It can also be used as an important reference guide
for undergraduate and graduate students, university faculties, and
environmentalists.
This book covers all aspects of deficiency of essential elements
and excess of toxic ones in crop plants. The metal deficiency and
toxicity are the two sides of same problem that are threatening to
sustainable agricultural growth. The book presents prospective
strategies for the management of elemental nutrition of crop
plants. Chapters are arranged in a manner so as to develop a lucid
picture of the topic beginning from basics to advanced research.
The content is supplemented with flow charts and figures to make it
convenient for readers to holistically grasp the concepts. It will
be a value addition for students, research scholars and
professionals in understanding the basics as well latest
developments in the area of metal deficiency and excess in crop
plants.
Metal toxicity and deficiency are both common abiotic problems
faced by plants. While metal contamination around the world is a
critical issue, the bioavailability of some essential metals like
zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) can be seriously low in other
locations. The list of metals spread in high concentrations in
soil, water and air includes several toxic as well as essential
elements, such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr),
aluminum (Al), and selenium (Se). The problems for some metals are
geographically confined, while for others, they are widespread. For
instance, arsenic is an important toxic metalloid whose
contamination in Southeast Asia and other parts of world is well
documented. Its threats to human health via food consumption have
generated immense interest in understanding plants' responses to
arsenic stress. Metals constitute crucial components of key enzymes
and proteins in plants. They are important for the proper growth
and development of plants. In turn, plants serve as sources of
essential elements for humans and animals. Studies of their
physiological effects on plants metabolism have led to the
identification of crucial genes and proteins controlling metal
uptake and transport, as well as the sensing and signaling of metal
stresses. Plant-Metal Interactions sheds light on the latest
development and research in analytical biology with respect to
plant physiology. More importantly, it showcases the positive and
negative impacts of metals on crop plants growth and productivity.
Environmental contamination of heavy metals is a major problem
threatening sustainable agricultural production and health of
millions of people. The extensive distribution of heavy metals in
soil and water makes it necessary to employ environment-friendly
low-cost and sustainable approaches for the remediation of
contaminated sites. Phytoremediation has been considered a viable
approach to meet these demands; however it must provide some
economic gains too. The use of economically important medicinal and
aromatic plants is helpful in restoration of metal-contaminated
sites and also may provide economic gains to the farmers. The book
brings about a critical overview of the prospects of utilizing
medicinal and aromatic plants in phytoremediation including their
utility, economical benefits and human safety issues. The book will
be a timely addition to the field and would act as landmark. This
book is of interest to teachers, researchers, doctoral and graduate
students working in the area of environmental pollution and cleanup
technologies. The students working in the field of metal(loid)
stress and crop biofortification will also find this to be a useful
read. The content of the book are presented in simple language and
represented through beautiful and scientifically informative
figures and tables.
This edited book stands as a one place knowledge hub for plant
metal(loid) transporters. The book comprehensively covers holistic
aspect of metal(loid) transporters involved in uptake and
translocation of essential as well as toxic metal(loid)s. Essential
and beneficial metal(loid)s are required in every biological
process for normal plant growth and development, however in excess
they are toxic. There are toxic metal(loid)s also whose
accumulation in plants interferes with normal cellular functioning
and hampers growth of plants. Hence, metal(loid) uptake and
accumulation in plants is a highly regulated phenomenon involving
the role of several transporters, enzymes, metabolites,
transcription factors and post translational modifications. The
book contains chapters from the experts and the contents of the
book are presented in simple language and represented through
beautiful and scientifically informative figures and tables. This
book is of interest to teachers, researchers, doctoral and graduate
students working in the area of plant physiology, environmental
biotechnology, plant biotechnology metal(loid) stress,
phytoremediation and crop biofortification.
Arsenic contamination poses a major environmental problem,
especially in Southeast Asian countries like Bangladesh and India.
Threatening the health of millions of people due to arsenic's
toxicity and carcinogenicity, the major routes of arsenic exposure
for humans are either through drinking water or crops. Rice is the
crop most affected by arsenic owing to its cultivation in major
arsenic contaminated areas, biogeochemical factors in the soil
during rice growth, and specific features of rice that enable it
take up more arsenic than other crop plants. This book addresses
the problem of arsenic by pursuing a holistic approach. It presents
the status quo in different parts of the world (North and South
America, Europe, Asia, etc.) and provides essential information on
food-related arsenic exposure risks for humans, and possible
preventive and curative measures for tackling arsenic poisoning. It
covers the arsenic contamination status of rice, rice-based
products, other vegetables, fishes, mushrooms, and other foods,
with a special focus on rice-arsenic interactions. The mechanisms
of arsenic uptake, translocation and distribution in plants and
grains are also explained. In closing, the book reviews a variety
of prospective agronomic and biotechnological solutions to the
problem of arsenic accumulation in rice grains. The book is
intended for a broad audience including researchers, scientists,
and readers with diverse backgrounds including agriculture,
environmental science, food science, environmental management, and
human health. It can also be used as an important reference guide
for undergraduate and graduate students, university faculties, and
environmentalists.
Metal toxicity and deficiency are both common abiotic problems
faced by plants. While metal contamination around the world is a
critical issue, the bioavailability of some essential metals like
zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) can be seriously low in other
locations. The list of metals spread in high concentrations in
soil, water and air includes several toxic as well as essential
elements, such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr),
aluminum (Al), and selenium (Se). The problems for some metals are
geographically confined, while for others, they are widespread. For
instance, arsenic is an important toxic metalloid whose
contamination in Southeast Asia and other parts of world is well
documented. Its threats to human health via food consumption have
generated immense interest in understanding plants' responses to
arsenic stress. Metals constitute crucial components of key enzymes
and proteins in plants. They are important for the proper growth
and development of plants. In turn, plants serve as sources of
essential elements for humans and animals. Studies of their
physiological effects on plants metabolism have led to the
identification of crucial genes and proteins controlling metal
uptake and transport, as well as the sensing and signaling of metal
stresses. Plant-Metal Interactions sheds light on the latest
development and research in analytical biology with respect to
plant physiology. More importantly, it showcases the positive and
negative impacts of metals on crop plants growth and productivity.
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