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Prior to 1979, China had a bifurcated and geographically-dispersed
industrial structure made up of a relatively small number of
large-scale, state-owned enterprises in various industries
alongside numerous small-scale, energy-intensive and polluting
enterprises. Economic reforms beginning in 1979 led to the rapid
expansion of these small-scale manufacturing enterprises in
numerous energy-intensive industries such as aluminum, cement, iron
and steel, and pulp and paper. Subsequently, the government adopted
a new industrial development strategy labeled "grasp the large, let
go the small." The aims of this new policy were to close many of
the unprofitable, small-scale manufacturing plants in these (and
other) industries, create a small number of large enterprises that
could compete with OECD multinationals, entice these larger
enterprises to engage in high-speed technological catch-up, and
save energy. China's Technological Catch-Up Strategy traces the
impact of this new industrial development strategy on technological
catch-up, energy use, and CO2 emissions. In doing so, the authors
explore several detailed, enterprise-level case studies of
technological catch-up; develop industry-wide estimates of energy
and CO2 savings from specific catch-up interventions; and present
detailed econometric work on the determinants of energy intensity.
The authors conclude that China's strategy has contributred to
substantial energy and CO2 savings, but it has not led to either a
peaking of or a decline in CO2 emissions in these industries. More
work is needed to cap and reduce China's CO2 emissions.
Getting growth going has been rare in the developing world-since
1960 only nine developing countries have succeeded in sustaining
high growth. The aim of Dictators, Democrats and Development in
Southeast Asia is to examine how dictators and democrats in three
of the nine fast growers -Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand,
hereafter IMT-built and sustained pro-growth political coalitions
that enabled them to adopt policies that ushered in sustained high
growth. The focus is on IMT because circa 1960 few thought the
three were candidates for high growth and because the three have
factor endowments, ethnic heterogeneity, and forms of governance
that resemble the Rest. These similarities suggest the Rest may
have much to learn from IMT. The focus is unabashedly on the
politics of development in IMT because dictators and democrats in
IMT built and sustained pro-growth political coalitions that
enabled them to link their long term political survival with
delivering development. How and why they did so should be of keen
interest to the Rest. Because dictators and democrats in IMT were
committed to capitalist, industrial and open economy development
strategies but deeply suspicious of a laissez faire approach to
development, none of the three ever adopted a Washington Consensus
style growth strategy. While all three toyed with a Northeast style
capitalist developmental state approach to growth, because
governments in IMT lacked the political requisites to make this
strategy work, none really stuck to this approach to growth either.
Instead dictators and democrats in IMT implemented highly pragmatic
growth and development strategies. When markets worked, governments
used them. When interventions worked governments relied on them.
When either failed to deliver expected results, governments weeded
out bad investments to sustain high growth. Such a pragmatic, trial
and error approach to development should also be of keen interest
to the Rest.
Ed Rock brings the reader Wild Weasel Stories from more than 40
authors, mostly Wild Weasel pilots and Electronic Warfare Officers
(EWOs). These are the true, first person, accounts written by the
men whose primary mission was, and is today, to find, attack and
destroy enemy Surface to Air Missile (SAM) sites and other radar
directed weapons systems. They fly into the enemy heartland through
skies filled with MiG fighters, SAMs, and Anti-Aircraft Artillery
(AAA). Losses are heavy and courage and heroism are commonplace.
The stories also include accounts by a cross section of Wild Weasel
associates without whose support the mission could not have been
successfully performed including a contractor, Flight Surgeon,
Chaplain Maintenance technician, and the wife of a pilot killed in
action (KIA). Some are shot down and rescued, others captured or
killed, and many successfully complete their missions. All wonder
if there will be a tomorrow. The stories take place in peace and
war. Many are thrilling accounts of combat action, some are funny,
others tragic, all are interesting. It is a moving testament to all
Wild Weasels and their families especially to those that paid the
ultimate price with courage and honor.
Using an elite consensus/conflict analytical frame, this book
examines why some majority Muslim countries perform so much better
at democracy and/or development than others, questioning received
wisdoms that Islam, authoritarianism and underdevelopment go
together. identifying four distinct democracy and development
outcomes in the Muslim world, four case studies are interrogated to
show that there is more variability in democracy and development
outcomes in Muslim majority countries than Macro-historical studies
and aggregate data have shown. By demonstrating that democracy and
development outcomes in Muslim countries are the consequence of
elite conflict and elite consensus, rather than the precepts or
institutions of Islam, the book places the competition for power
among contending elites, rather than Islam, at the center of the
story of democracy and development in the Muslim world. This book
will be of key interest to scholars and students of political
development/development studies, democratization and
autocratization studies, democracy promotion and more broadly to
comparative politics.
'Grow first, clean up later' environmental strategies in the
developing economies of East Asia - China, Korea, and Taiwan in
Northeast Asia and Indonesia, Malaysia, the Phillippines,
Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam in Southeast Asia - pose a critical
regional and global sustainability challenge in this area of
continuing rapid urban-based industrial growth. It is the most
polluted region in the world. Whilst being at the leading edge of
the processes of urbanization, industrialization, and globalization
these economies are in the midst, not at the end, of their
urban-industrial transformations. During the next 25 years urban
populations in the region are expected roughly to double, and most
of the industrial capital stock that will be on the ground by 2030
has not yet been built. Given East Asia's growing size in the
world's economy and ecology, and its increasingly polluted
environment, this looming urban-industrial transformation is both a
challenge and an opportunity. Unless steps are taken now to make
this transformation more sustainable, East Asia's, and the world's,
environmental future is likely to deteriorate seriously. Using
detailed case studies and rigorous empirical analyses Rock and
Angel, leading experts in this field, show that East Asian
governments have found institutionally unique ways to overcome the
sustainability challenge. As a result of these findings, they
demonstrate how even low income economies in the rest of the world
can use regulatory polices, industrial policies, and an openness to
trade and foreign investment that will increase the competitiveness
of their firms whilst improving their environmental performance,
thus proving an important antidote to those who argue that poor
countries cannot afford to clean up their environment whilst their
economies remain under-developed.
Ed Rock brings the reader Wild Weasel Stories from more than 40
authors, mostly Wild Weasel pilots and Electronic Warfare Officers
(EWOs). These are the true, first person, accounts written by the
men whose primary mission was, and is today, to find, attack and
destroy enemy Surface to Air Missile (SAM) sites and other radar
directed weapons systems. They fly into the enemy heartland through
skies filled with MiG fighters, SAMs, and Anti-Aircraft Artillery
(AAA). Losses are heavy and courage and heroism are commonplace.
The stories also include accounts by a cross section of Wild Weasel
associates without whose support the mission could not have been
successfully performed including a contractor, Flight Surgeon,
Chaplain Maintenance technician, and the wife of a pilot killed in
action (KIA). Some are shot down and rescued, others captured or
killed, and many successfully complete their missions. All wonder
if there will be a tomorrow. The stories take place in peace and
war. Many are thrilling accounts of combat action, some are funny,
others tragic, all are interesting. It is a moving testament to all
Wild Weasels and their families especially to those that paid the
ultimate price with courage and honor.
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