The retrieval problems arising in atmospheric remote sensing belong to the class of the - called discrete ill-posed problems. These problems are unstable under data perturbations, and can be solved by numerical regularization methods, in which the solution is stabilized by taking additional information into account. The goal of this research monograph is to present and analyze numerical algorithms for atmospheric retrieval. The book is aimed at physicists and engineers with some ba- ground in numerical linear algebra and matrix computations. Although there are many practical details in this book, for a robust and ef?cient implementation of all numerical algorithms, the reader should consult the literature cited. The data model adopted in our analysis is semi-stochastic. From a practical point of view, there are no signi?cant differences between a semi-stochastic and a determin- tic framework; the differences are relevant from a theoretical point of view, e.g., in the convergence and convergence rates analysis. After an introductory chapter providing the state of the art in passive atmospheric remote sensing, Chapter 2 introduces the concept of ill-posedness for linear discrete eq- tions. To illustrate the dif?culties associated with the solution of discrete ill-posed pr- lems, we consider the temperature retrieval by nadir sounding and analyze the solvability of the discrete equation by using the singular value decomposition of the forward model matrix.

Brian Hodgson lived in Nepal from 1820 to 1843 during which time he wrote and publisged extensively on Nepalese culture, religion, natural history, architecture, ethnography and linguistics. Contributors from leading historians of Nepal and South Asia and from specialists in Buddhist studies, art history, linguistics, ornithology and ethnography, critically examine Hodgson's life and achievement within the context of his contribution to scholarship. Many of the drawings photographed for this book have not previously been published.

Series Information:
Royal Asiatic Society

The retrieval problems arising in atmospheric remote sensing belong to the class of the - called discrete ill-posed problems. These problems are unstable under data perturbations, and can be solved by numerical regularization methods, in which the solution is stabilized by taking additional information into account. The goal of this research monograph is to present and analyze numerical algorithms for atmospheric retrieval. The book is aimed at physicists and engineers with some ba- ground in numerical linear algebra and matrix computations. Although there are many practical details in this book, for a robust and ef?cient implementation of all numerical algorithms, the reader should consult the literature cited. The data model adopted in our analysis is semi-stochastic. From a practical point of view, there are no signi?cant differences between a semi-stochastic and a determin- tic framework; the differences are relevant from a theoretical point of view, e.g., in the convergence and convergence rates analysis. After an introductory chapter providing the state of the art in passive atmospheric remote sensing, Chapter 2 introduces the concept of ill-posedness for linear discrete eq- tions. To illustrate the dif?culties associated with the solution of discrete ill-posed pr- lems, we consider the temperature retrieval by nadir sounding and analyze the solvability of the discrete equation by using the singular value decomposition of the forward model matrix.

This book presents the theory and applications of radiative transfer in the atmosphere. It is written for graduate students and researchers in the fields of meteorology and related sciences. The book begins with important basic definitions of the radiative transfer theory. It presents the hydrodynamic derivation of the radiative transfer equation and the principles of variance. The authors examine in detail various quasi-exact solutions of the radiative transfer equation and give a thorough treatment of the radiative perturbation theory. A rigorous treatment of Mie scattering is given, including Rayleigh scattering as a special case, and the important efficiency factors for extinction, scattering and absorption are derived. The fundamentals of remote sensing applications of radiative transfer are presented. Problems of varying degrees of difficulty are included at the end of each chapter, allowing readers to further their understanding of the materials covered in the book.

This book presents the theory and applications of radiative transfer in the atmosphere. It is written for graduate students and researchers in the fields of meteorology and related sciences. The book begins with important basic definitions of the radiative transfer theory. It presents the hydrodynamic derivation of the radiative transfer equation and the principles of variance. The authors examine in detail various quasi-exact solutions of the radiative transfer equation and give a thorough treatment of the radiative perturbation theory. A rigorous treatment of Mie scattering is given, including Rayleigh scattering as a special case, and the important efficiency factors for extinction, scattering and absorption are derived. The fundamentals of remote sensing applications of radiative transfer are presented. Problems of varying degrees of difficulty are included at the end of each chapter, allowing readers to further their understanding of the materials covered in the book.

"Das Interview erscheint als einfache Methode, nicht zuletzt aufgrund seiner Nahe zum Alltagsgesprach. Fragen zu stellen liegt nahe und erscheint so leicht. Darin liegt etwas Verfuhrerisches..." (Friedrichs 1990) Taglich werden auf der Erde vielmillionenfach Informationen ausgetauscht. Die Tendenzen der letzten Jahre zeigen, dass der Begriff der "Informationsgese- schaft" sehr zu Recht besteht. Gerade aber unter den Aspekten des Einsatzes von Computern zum schnellen Verarbeiten von Informationen werden Stimmen laut, die Nachteile solcher technisierten Ablaufe sehen. Bei allen zu begrussenden Formen der Nutzung von Informationen zur weiteren Entwicklung technischer und technologischer - also oekonomischer - Prozesse bleiben dabei mitunter die 1 genuin Menschen verbindenden Informationstransfers auf der Strecke. Klagen uber eine kalte, akommunikative, nur auf Gewinn fokussierte Gesellschaft sind uns nicht fremd. Auch die Erziehungs- und Sozialwissenschaften beschaftigen sich unter mann- faltigen Fragestellungen mit dem Problemkreis der zwischenmenschlichen Kommunikation. Dabei geht es in erster Linie darum, Heranwachsenden sowohl Moeglichkeiten zum Erlernen der vielfaltigen sprachlichen und nichtsprachlichen Riten und Regeln zwischenmenschlicher Kommunikation nahe zu bringen, als auch ihr problemarmes Hineinwachsen in die Informationsgesellschaft zu - moeglichen. Kindheit als Medienkindheit, zunehmende Verinselung, Kinder als Konsumentenzielgruppe - all diese Schlagworte machen die Vielschichtigkeit der Problemlagen deutlich, mit denen Kinder aufwachsen und mit denen Eltern und Lehrpersonen konfrontiert werden. Mitunter wird beklagt, dass Kinder - nig von sich erzahlen, dass Zeit fehlt, sich zu unterhalten, dass die Kultur des Gesprachs auf der Strecke bleibt u. v. a.