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Environmental, health and sanitary requirements in developed
countries are sometimes perceived in developing countries as
non-tariff barriers to trade. This book shows that such
restrictions are perceived to be more stringent during the domestic
production season or when stock levels are high. The authors argue
that scientific data for specific thresholds or limit values
sometimes appear to be questionable and that they vary widely
between countries. In some cases, products that had initially been
refused access to a domestic market have subsequently been allowed
access but at a lower price. Thus standards are perceived to be a
mechanism for bidding down the export price. Countries from the
same region with similar water or climatic conditions may be
subject to differential degrees of Sanitary and Phytosanitary
measures (SPS). Measures to address protectionist aspects of
standards must be devised to ensure free and fair trade.The
contributors to this book show that there are good reasons for
suspecting that these standards could indeed be protectionist.
Utilising a wealth of empirical evidence, the book includes case
studies written by authors based in the regions and does not fail
to address awkward issues such as 'whose standards?', 'why
standards?' and whether cartelisation is the consequence of
standards. The contributors also address the political economy of
standard setting, not simply the technical process, north-south
issues and the political economy of organic food markets.
Environmental Regulation and Food Safety will appeal to
policymakers and NGOs, researchers and scholars of international
and development economics as well as industry strategists.
Copublished with Canada's International Development Research
Centre.
The link between trade and the environment has focused on two broad
issues: how changing trade regimes have affected the environment
and how stricter environmental regulations have affected trade. The
answers are of particular importance to developing and transition
countries where the relationship between trade and the environment
has a major impact. This unique book, based on eleven case studies
undertaken by research institutes in developing countries with the
support of UNCTAD and UNDP, provides detailed empirical evidence
from Brazil, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, India, Malaysia, The
Philippines, Poland, Thailand, Turkey and Zimbabwe. The central
questions addressed are: * has the international programme of trade
liberalization affected the environment negatively? * are stricter
environmental regulations in both developed and developing
countries having an effect on exports and imports and how can these
effects be addressed? * what impacts, if any, result from
differences in environmental standards between richer and poorer
countries? * what impacts have multilateral environmental
agreements had on trade flows between developed and developing
countries * what impacts are firms' voluntary measures to protect
the environment having on the export flows from developing and
transition countries? The book provides a wealth of information and
shows a wide difference of outcomes from country to country,
allowing the authors to draw an interesting set of conclusions. It
will be useful for students and researchers in environmental and
international economics and will be essential reading for
policymakers in government and non-governmental organizations.
Eco-labelling is an increasingly popular way of meeting consumer's
demands for environmental information about the products they
purchase. The first book on this important subject collects
contributions from the academic, policy-making and commercial
spheres to look at the conceptual and practical issues, and to
discuss how eco-labelling can be made effective and equitable, and
must avoid distorting international trade to the detriment of
developing countries.
Trade, Environment and Sustainable Development explores the
linkages between the objectives of liberalised international trade,
protection of the environment and sustainable development. It is an
anthology of essays by leading experts, key government officials
and political leaders from the South Asian region, supported by
officials of the OECD, UNCTAD and non-governmental organisations.
Trade, Environment and Sustainable Development outlines the
concerns of the developing nations of the South Asian region about
the impacts on their trade and development from the environmental
policies of the North. A range of country case and sector studies
are presented, along with analysis of key regional issues.
Trade, Environment and Sustainable Development explores the
linkages between the objectives of liberalised international trade,
protection of the environment and sustainable development. It is an
anthology of essays by leading experts, key government officials
and political leaders from the South Asian region, supported by
officials of the OECD, UNCTAD and non-governmental organisations.
Trade, Environment and Sustainable Development outlines the
concerns of the developing nations of the South Asian region about
the impacts on their trade and development from the environmental
policies of the North. A range of country case and sector studies
are presented, along with analysis of key regional issues.
A modern approach to understanding the dichotomy between growth and
development, this book explores the links between growth and
inequality and debates whether or not growth has been inclusive in
recent experience. Suggesting unusual solutions to India's
development problems, this account--which also investigates issues
such as philanthropy and migration--will be beneficial to
development economists.
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