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Femto-second Probing of Photoinduced Refractive Index Charges in
Semiconductor; H.M. Van Driel, E.C. Fox. Tunneling of Electrons and
Holes in Asymmetries Double Quantum Wells; J. Shah, et al.
Ultrashort Excitation in Semiconductors; W.E. Bon. Contact-Free
Characterization of Electronic and Optoelectronic Devices with
Ultrashort Laser Pulses; J. Kuhl. Vibrational Relaxation Studied
with Light; A. Lagendijk. Relaxation of Frenkeltype Rotational and
Vibrational Excitons in Diatomic Molecular Crystals; E. Goovaertz.
Quantum Transient Transport; C. Jacoboni, F. Rossi. Study of
Irreversible Processes in Condensed Matter by Nonlinear Time and
Space Resolved Techniques; Chr. Flytzanis. Index.
The Advanced Study Institute (AS!) considered a number offacets of
the very rapidly advancing field of theoretical and experimental
aspects of ultrashort processes in condensed matter. Common threads
exist between a series of example cases. One major subgroup of
topics involves the ultrashort dynamics of excitations of various
"particles" produced through the interactions of condensed matter
with ultrashort duration laser light. Examples ofthe excitations
include electronic and hole carriers, electron-hole plasma,
phonons, vibrons and rotons, two phonon states, and excitons.
Experimentation on the dynamics of such excitations, are carried
out in the bulk, at surfaces, in thin films, and in quantum wells.
The dynamical steps which the excitations usually undergo include
photo-excitation, local thermalization, particle-particle
interaction, particle phonon interactions and eventual return to
true thermal equilibrium. This ASI was organized to benefit
particularly advanced graduate students, specifically, those near
the end of their Ph.D. thesis projects, and also for postdoctoral
scholars already active in the field. The overall organizational
goal was centered around a set oftutorially based lectures
intermingled with full scale discussion periods of equal time and
importance as the lectures. The general discussion periods were
designed to offer to the participants ample time to ask detailed
questions and to make comments and contributions of their own. In
order to complete the involvement of the participants a full length
poster session was also held. A representative set of abstracts of
these posters appear as an Appendix to the lectures.
Phonons are always present in the solid state even at an absolute
temperature of 0 K where zero point vibrations still abound.
Moreover, phonons interact with all other excitations of the solid
state and, thereby, influence most of its properties. Historically
experimental information on phonon transport came from measurements
of thermal conductivity. Over the past two decades much more, and
much more detailed, information on phonon transport and on many of
the inherent phonon interaction processes have come to light from
experiments which use nonequilibrium phonons to study their
dynamics. The resultant research field has most recently blossomed
with the development of ever more sophisticated experimental and
theoretical methods which can be applied to it. In fact, the field
is moving so rapidly that new members of the research community
have difficulties in keeping up to date. This NATO Advanced Study
Institute (ASI) was organized with the objective of overcoming the
information barrier between those expert in the field and those who
are new to it. Thus it was decided to (i) organize a set of
tutorially based lectures covering most of the important facets in
the field, and (ii) to produce an Institute proceedings which would
serve both as the first general textbook, as well as a valuable
reference book, for this field of knowledge.
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