Intelligent systems provide a platform to connect the research in artificial intelligence to real-world problem solving applications. Various intelligent systems have been developed to face real-world applications. This book discusses the modern advances in intelligent systems and the tools in applied artificial intelligence. It consists of twenty-three chapters authored by participants of the 25th International Conference on Industrial, Engineering & Other Applications of Applied Intelligent Systems (IEA/AIE 2012) which was held in Dalian, China. This book is divided into six parts, including Applied Intelligence, Cognitive Computing and Affective Computing, Data Mining and Intelligent Systems, Decision Support Systems, Machine Learning, and Natural Language Processing. Each part includes three to five chapters. In these chapters, many approaches, applications, restrictions, and discussions are presented. The material of each chapter is self-contained and was reviewed by at least two anonymous referees to assure the high quality. Readers can select any individual chapter based on their research interests without the need of reading other chapters. We hope that this book provides useful reference values to researchers and students in the field of applied intelligence. We also hope that readers will find opportunities and recognize challenges through the papers presented in this book.

Information Architecture is about organizing and simplifying information, designing and integrating information spaces/systems, and creating ways for people to find and interact with information content. Its goal is to help people understand and manage information and make the right decisions accordingly. This updated and revised edition of the book looks at integrated information spaces in the web context and beyond, with a focus on putting theories and principles into practice. In the ever-changing social, organizational, and technological contexts, information architects not only design individual information spaces (e.g., websites, software applications, and mobile devices), but also tackle strategic aggregation and integration of multiple information spaces across websites, channels, modalities, and platforms. Not only do they create predetermined navigation pathways, but they also provide tools and rules for people to organize information on their own and get connected with others. Information architects work with multi-disciplinary teams to determine the user experience strategy based on user needs and business goals, and make sure the strategy gets carried out by following the user-centered design (UCD) process via close collaboration with others. Drawing on the authors' extensive experience as HCI researchers, User Experience Design practitioners, and Information Architecture instructors, this book provides a balanced view of the IA discipline by applying theories, design principles, and guidelines to IA and UX practices. It also covers advanced topics such as iterative design, UX decision support, and global and mobile IA considerations. Major revisions include moving away from a web-centric view toward multi-channel, multi-device experiences. Concepts such as responsive design, emerging design principles, and user-centered methods such as Agile, Lean UX, and Design Thinking are discussed and related to IA processes and practices.

Intelligent systems provide a platform to connect the research in artificial intelligence to real-world problem solving applications. Various intelligent systems have been developed to face real-world applications. This book discusses the modern advances in intelligent systems and the tools in applied artificial intelligence. It consists of twenty-three chapters authored by participants of the 25th International Conference on Industrial, Engineering & Other Applications of Applied Intelligent Systems (IEA/AIE 2012) which was held in Dalian, China. This book is divided into six parts, including Applied Intelligence, Cognitive Computing and Affective Computing, Data Mining and Intelligent Systems, Decision Support Systems, Machine Learning, and Natural Language Processing. Each part includes three to five chapters. In these chapters, many approaches, applications, restrictions, and discussions are presented. The material of each chapter is self-contained and was reviewed by at least two anonymous referees to assure the high quality. Readers can select any individual chapter based on their research interests without the need of reading other chapters. We hope that this book provides useful reference values to researchers and students in the field of applied intelligence. We also hope that readers will find opportunities and recognize challenges through the papers presented in this book.

This volume constitutes the thoroughly refereed conference proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Other Applications of Applied Intelligend Systems, IEA/AIE 2012, held in Dalian, China, in June 2012. The total of 82 papers selected for the proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on machine learning methods; cyber-physical system for intelligent transportation applications; AI applications; evolutionary algorithms, combinatorial optimization; modeling and support of cognitive and affective human processes; natural language processing and its applications; social network and its applications; mission-critical applications and case studies of intelligent systems; AI methods; sentiment analysis for asian languages; aspects on cognitive computing and intelligent interaction; spatio-temporal datamining, structured learning and their applications; decision making and knowledge based systems; pattern recognition; agent based systems; decision making techniques and innovative knowledge management; machine learning applications.

Kernpunkt dieser Arbeit ist die ontologische Wende der Hermeneutik und ihre Bedingungen der Moeglichkeit. Die Hauptthese ist: Die ontologische Wende beginnt zwar mit Heidegger, wird aber von Gadamer vollbracht. Sie vollendet sich nicht beim fruhen Heidegger, weil er nur die Einheit von Sein und Verstehen klar erschliesst, aber das Wesen der Sprache nicht ausreichend erklart. Sie vollendet sich auch nicht beim spaten Heidegger, weil er zwar die Einheit von Sein und Sprache bestatigt, aber das individuelle Verstehen ausschliesst. Durch Gadamers Interpretation der Phronesis gilt seine philosophische Hermeneutik als das faktische Ergebnis der ontologischen Wende der Hermeneutik, und auch als eine verbesserte Theorienversion der Heideggerschen Hermeneutik(en) in der Geschichte der Hermeneutik.

As leaders of the decentralisation movement, Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) and Peer-to-Peer (P2P) systems are hot topics in networking community. Decentralisation model puts ordinary network users on the driver's seat, gives them much more control, and stimulates their enthusiasm in active participation. It is believed that decentralisation will replace the client/server model as dominant model in the new century. MANETs and P2P systems share similar theoretical foundations. Both break away from the client/server model using multi-hop multicast. Both are dynamic, highly decentralised, self-organised, and self-healed. However, their levels of real world application are polar apart. Cachelogic reported that in January 2006 P2P traffic accounted for approximately 71% of all Internet traffic. On the other hand, only few MANETs applications have been commercially realized. Remarkable research initiatives in the synergy of P2P systems and MANETs have been sparked by this interesting phenomenon. While most focus on routing, the bootstrapping problem remains indispensable for the transplantation of successful approaches in P2P systems into MANETs. The crucial problem in bootstrapping is topology construction in P2P overlay layer. In this book, a novel solution for this problem, i.e. the Ring Ad-hoc Network (RAN) protocol, is introduced. RAN builds effective rings in node ID space of the overlay layer for ring-based P2P systems like Chord, Pastry, and Virtual Ring Routing. With this ring, lengthy stabilisation is absolutely unnecessary.

From the turn of the new millennium, the decentralisation movement has gained more and more attention. Popular examples, which are given not only from pure technical viewpoint, but also from the user viewpoint, include eBay, Expedia, YouTube, Skype, iPhone, Bluetooth, BitTorrent, Gnutella, various commercial sensor networks motes, SETI@home, etc. The core of the decentralisation movement is the idea of giving more autonomy, more control, and more respect to ordinary users of a computing system, or a network, or a product. With fast growing user body of more fancy cell phones and other mobile devices, the technical trend has been blend into a world-wide cultural fashion. This book discusses all these issues with focus on bootstrapping and routing of the synergised P2P systems over MANETs.