Although sensor fusion is an essential prerequisite for autonomous driving, it entails a number of challenges and potential risks. For example, the commonly used deep fusion networks are lacking in interpretability and robustness. To address these fundamental issues, this book introduces the mechanism of deep fusion models from the perspective of uncertainty and models the initial risks in order to create a robust fusion architecture. This book reviews the multi-sensor data fusion methods applied in autonomous driving, and the main body is divided into three parts: Basic, Method, and Advance. Starting from the mechanism of data fusion, it comprehensively reviews the development of automatic perception technology and data fusion technology, and gives a comprehensive overview of various perception tasks based on multimodal data fusion. The book then proposes a series of innovative algorithms for various autonomous driving perception tasks, to effectively improve the accuracy and robustness of autonomous driving-related tasks, and provide ideas for solving the challenges in multi-sensor fusion methods. Furthermore, to transition from technical research to intelligent connected collaboration applications, it proposes a series of exploratory contents such as practical fusion datasets, vehicle-road collaboration, and fusion mechanisms. In contrast to the existing literature on data fusion and autonomous driving, this book focuses more on the deep fusion method for perception-related tasks, emphasizes the theoretical explanation of the fusion method, and fully considers the relevant scenarios in engineering practice. Helping readers acquire an in-depth understanding of fusion methods and theories in autonomous driving, it can be used as a textbook for graduate students and scholars in related fields or as a reference guide for engineers who wish to apply deep fusion methods.

This SpringerBrief mainly focuses on effective big data analytics for CPS, and addresses the privacy issues that arise on various CPS applications. The authors develop a series of privacy preserving data analytic and processing methodologies through data driven optimization based on applied cryptographic techniques and differential privacy in this brief. This brief also focuses on effectively integrating the data analysis and data privacy preservation techniques to provide the most desirable solutions for the state-of-the-art CPS with various application-specific requirements. Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are the "next generation of engineered systems," that integrate computation and networking capabilities to monitor and control entities in the physical world. Multiple domains of CPS typically collect huge amounts of data and rely on it for decision making, where the data may include individual or sensitive information, for e.g., smart metering, intelligent transportation, healthcare, sensor/data aggregation, crowd sensing etc. This brief assists users working in these areas and contributes to the literature by addressing data privacy concerns during collection, computation or big data analysis in these large scale systems. Data breaches result in undesirable loss of privacy for the participants and for the entire system, therefore identifying the vulnerabilities and developing tools to mitigate such concerns is crucial to build high confidence CPS. This Springerbrief targets professors, professionals and research scientists working in Wireless Communications, Networking, Cyber-Physical Systems and Data Science. Undergraduate and graduate-level students interested in Privacy Preservation of state-of-the-art Wireless Networks and Cyber-Physical Systems will use this Springerbrief as a study guide.

Do US Circuit Courts' decisions on criminal appeals influence sentence lengths imposed by US District Courts? This Element explores the use of high-dimensional instrumental variables to estimate this causal relationship. Using judge characteristics as instruments, this Element implements two-stage models on court sentencing data for the years 1991 through 2013. This Element finds that Democratic, Jewish judges tend to favor criminal defendants, while Catholic judges tend to rule against them. This Element also finds from experiments that prosecutors backlash to Circuit Court rulings while District Court judges comply. Methodologically, this Element demonstrates the applicability of deep instrumental variables to legal data.