Do US Circuit Courts' decisions on criminal appeals influence
sentence lengths imposed by US District Courts? This Element
explores the use of high-dimensional instrumental variables to
estimate this causal relationship. Using judge characteristics as
instruments, this Element implements two-stage models on court
sentencing data for the years 1991 through 2013. This Element finds
that Democratic, Jewish judges tend to favor criminal defendants,
while Catholic judges tend to rule against them. This Element also
finds from experiments that prosecutors backlash to Circuit Court
rulings while District Court judges comply. Methodologically, this
Element demonstrates the applicability of deep instrumental
variables to legal data.
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