Focuses on cotton breeding and biotechnology Proposes ideas, data, and strategies to mount breeding programs for enhancing cotton production Details strategies for cotton quality improvement against abiotic and biotic stresses

Focuses on cotton breeding and biotechnology Proposes ideas, data, and strategies to mount breeding programs for enhancing cotton production Details strategies for cotton quality improvement against abiotic and biotic stresses

A correlative study was conducted to test the impact of urban congestion on the avian diversity in Lahore, Pakistan. A feeding station, offering a variety of seeds, was installed in the nine towns of Lahore and the number of birds that visited the station was noted in both the monsoon and winter season.Winter showed a significant increase in the abundance of birds in comparison with the monsoon season.Grain preference observed, proved Bajra, Indian Millet and Red Indian Millet were the preferred seeds in all areas while Mustard seeds, Corn and Chick Peas were least preferred. 49 species were observed in Lahore with the largest diversity in Nishtar Town followed by 41 species in Wagah Town. Only 2 -3 species of birds which were most urbanized were found in Shalimar and Ravi Town, the most congested towns of Lahore.

Protected areas around the world are more prone to have negative effects of climatic variations that are disturbing the stabilization of ecosystems. Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary was studied to be the reference site, where climatic change factors were recorded and resilience of rural community to these changes was analyzed. A questionnaire of participatory human resource interaction appraisal was used to assess the socio-economics of rural communities, perception of local communities about climate change and their resilience capacity. Climatic factor like temperature and rainfall were proportionally changed as the data assessed from 1951-2010 and rural communities around Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary were also agreed to realize the phenomenon of climatic change. These communities have proved to be resilient, but at the same time they have increased the pressure on natural resource use. Thus, showing the Taunsa Barrage's vulnerability to climate change is in accordance with the Environmental Vulnerability Index of Pakistan.

The last century was century of genetics beginning with rediscovery of Mendel's work in 1900 and ended with the sequencing of whole genomes. The understanding of principles of genetics leaded to the development of science of biotechnology and genetic engineering. The manipulation of genes requires a clear understanding of the principles and methods of solving genetic problems. The students, young scientists dealing biological experiments particularly breeders feel great difficulty in analyzing and understanding genetic problems. This manuscript provides self-explanatory solutions to their difficulty in analyzing genetic problems related to measurable and categorical variates. It includes Mendelism, epistasis, multiple alleles and factor inheritance, linkage/crossing-over, goodness of fit, simple measures of variability, heterosis, inbreeding depression, heritabilities, selection differential, response to selection, genetic advance, correlation and path analysis, generation mean analysis and diallel analysis.

The use of geographical data is increasing in real world applications and due to this, Geographical information systems (GIS)are a growing interest area for research nowadays.Today, GIS is combined with the world wide web to provide information to alot of people. Web-based GIS applications have gained popularity because of their easy use and simplicity. Usability evaluation is becoming important part of interaction design to find out various usability isses in applications. In this study, two web-based GIS applications i.e. Google maps and MapsQuest are evaluated to find out usability issues.To accomplish the main goal of this study, differnt techniques have been used.Special creiteria are adopted for usability evaluation. Usability tests are performed on six graduate users, questionnaires are filled by these users and interviews were conducted to validate the results. The authors have provided a number of suggestions based on the problems that were identified in this study for google maps and MapsQuest to improve the usability of these applications.

Wetlands are valuable ecosystems that occupy about 6% of the world's land surface. Natural wetlands in Pakistan covering approximately 10% of the total land area of the country. This book helps in identification, ecology and population of waterbirds along. Jiwani Coastal Wetlands that is an internationally well known wetlands and declared as Ramsar Site on 5th October, 2001. Located along Gawater Bay arround the delta of the Dasht River, a very significant area of mangrove forests extending westward to the Iranian frontier, contiguous with Iran's Gawater Bay and Hur-e-Bahu Ramsar site. Number of birds species recorded were 112; representing 16 orders and 38 families with a total count of 15,469 that comprise, 79 species as migratory and 33 were resident. Out of 79 visitor species, 54 species were winter visitor, 11 summer visitor, 10 were irregular year round visitor, and three species were vagrant.

Salinity stress remains one of the world's oldest and the most serious environmental problem, which substantially hampers crop productivity in many arid and semi arid regions. Several reclamation measures like additions of gypsum, sulphur and sulphuric acid to soils, and construction of wells and drainage canals to reduce concentrations of salts in root zones had been advocated and used by many nations. However, these practices were discontinued due to escalating energy costs. The development of salt tolerant crop cultivars presents a possible alternative to expensive engineering approaches to bring saline lands under cultivation. The success of development of salt tolerant crop cultivars depends upon prebreeding research on the presence of genetic variation and its inheritance pattern. The present book, therefore, provides methodologies and analyses to examine the magnitude of genetic variation for salinity tolerance and its genetic basis in Triticum aestivum L.

This two-volume book offers a comprehensive guide to anesthetic management and critical care management in neurosurgical and neurological patients. This second volume focuses on neurocritical care. The book begins with basic information on the principles of neurocritical care. Management of various neurological problems such as myasthenia gravis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, epilepsy, stroke and many more are discussed in detail. Subsequent sections address nursing care, physiotherapy and psychological care, issues related to brain death and organ donation, and common complications observed in neurological patients during their ICS stays. Each complication is discussed in detail, guiding readers in their clinical practice. In turn, the book's closing chapters cover e.g. the role of hypothermia and evidence-based practice. The book offers a valuable resource for all residents, fellows and trainees in the fields of neurointensive care and critical care; it will also benefit intensivists and neurocritical care experts.