Provides an insightful and analytical look at CNR in terms of its relevance and perceived usefulness, limitations in current practices and areas for improvement and incentives and disincentives for disclosing non-financial information. Draws on disclosure theories and take account of the particular nature of CNR in terms of its predominantly forward-looking, qualitative and hard-to-audit nature. Brings together theory and practice and covers the key themes that will be of particular interest to and essential reading for students, academics, investors, annual report preparers, auditors and policy makers.

The Routledge Companion to Accounting History presents a single-volume synthesis of research in this expanding field, exploring and analysing accounting from ancient civilisations to the modern day. No longer perceived as the narrow study of how a mysterious technique was used in past, the scope of accounting history has widened substantially. This revised and updated volume moves beyond the history of accounting technologies, accounting theories and practices and the accountants who applied them. Expert contributors from around the world explore the interfaces between accounting and the economy, society, culture and the polity. Accounting history is shown to offer important insights into such disparate phenomena as the evolution of capitalism, control of labour, gender and family relationships, racial exploitation, the operation of religious organisations, and the functioning of the state. Illuminating the foundation and development of accounting systems, this updated, classic book opens the field to a new generation of accounting scholars and historians around the world.

The perspective of this book is to present "ethics" as a conversation about how we decide what is good or bad, right or wrong. It is a collection of conversations employed by educators to assist accounting students in developing their understanding of accounting's ethical aspects and to help them develop into critical thinkers who consider the ethical complexities of the function of accounting in human society. Because we are social beings, ethics is a central human concern, since it involves determining the ethicality of human actions and their effect on other individuals, as well as determining the collective societal acceptance or rejection of an action. Thus, the book's primary goal is to call attention to the intersectionality of accounting and ethics and to encourage students and researchers to consider the ethical implications of accounting decisions. The book contains a diversity of perspectives within which discussions of accountants' and accounting's ethical responsibilities may occur. The contributing authors were deliberately chosen for their diverse perspectives on whence moral guidance for accounting may come. Each chapter stands on its own and represents the thinking of its authors. The book is not a primer on correct behavior for accountants but a place where educators may spur the conversation along.

This book reveals the surprising role that credit, money created ex nihilo by financiers, played in raising the British government's war loans between 1793 and 1815. Using often overlooked contemporary objections to the National Debt a startling paradox is revealed as it is shown how the government's ostensible creditors had, in fact, very little "real" money to lend and were instead often reliant for their own solvency upon the very government they were lending to. By following the careers of unsuccessful loan-contractors, who went bankrupt lending to the government, to the triumphant career of the House of Rothschild; who successfully "exported" the British system of war-financing abroad with the coming of peace, the symbiotic relationship that existed between the British government and their ostensible creditors is revealed. Also highlighted is the power granted to the (technically bankrupt) Bank of England over credit and the money supply, an unprecedented and highly influential development that filled many contemporaries with horror. This is a tale of bankruptcy, stock market manipulation, bribery and institutional corruption that continues to exert its influence today and will be of interest to anyone interested in government financing, debt and the origins of modern finance.

* The only book that offers a new, easily understandable conceptual framework with which to identify, assess, and help remedy inequities in public funding. * Addresses both the inequities in public school funding and the wider societal and cultural issues that make it "normal" to underfund high-poverty schools and to expect low-income children and children of color to perform poorly in school. * Introduces a new theory with practical application and is grounded in contemporary research. * Explores how school district leaders, building principals, and policy makers can conduct meaningful "equity audits" in their schools and districts to determine equitable resource allocations.

The measurement of harmonization became a well-established area of academic research from the late 1980s, and the discerning selection of papers in this volume reveal a continuing interest in the topic by a large number of researchers. The coverage is divided into two parts. The first part concerns the measurement of harmonisation, and the second contains analysis of, and comment on, harmonization. This authoritative new volume will be of great interest to all those concerned with the issue of harmonization in international accounting.

Using a philosophical and interdisciplinary approach, this book looks at how accountability can provide solutions to our current environmental and global political problems. When a social system has external elements imposed upon it, or presented to it, political problems are likely to emerge. This book demonstrates that what is needed are connecting social elements with a natural affinity to bring people together despite their differences. This book is different from others in the field. It provides new insights by critiquing the extant understandings of accountability and expands the possibilities by building on Charles Taylor's philosophies. Central to the argument of the book are perspectives on authenticity and expressivism which are found to provide a radical reworking of our understanding of being in the world, and a starting point for rethinking the way individuals and communities ought to be dealing politically with accountability and ecological crises. The argument builds to an accountability perspective that utilises work from interpretivism, liberalism, and postmodern theory. The book will be of interest to researchers in environmental philosophy, critical perspectives on accounting, corporate governance, corporate social reporting, and environmental accounting.

Accountants and bookkeepers are working long hours but not making the profits they should. A value pricing strategy can lead to better prices for accounting professionals and better results for their clients. The concept of value pricing is simple to understand but many accountants struggle with the price conversation and lack the confidence to charge higher prices. Value Pricing for Accounting Professionals is a practical guide to building a clear pricing strategy, feeling more confident and increasing earnings. It covers the critical steps to pricing a new client and how to re-price existing clients without losing them by quantifying value. The book's step-by-step approach is backed up by dozens of real-life case studies of firms which applied these methods to get better results, along with benchmarking research based on a survey of thousands of accounting professionals. There is guidance on calculating a profitable price, creating effective packages and managing the 'invisible' cost of scope creep, and new insights into meeting clients remotely and pricing in difficult economic times. Become more profitable and deliver extraordinary solutions to clients with this essential guide to effective value pricing.

First published in 1924, as the second edition of a 1914 original, this book was written to provide a guide to agricultural accounting and effective financial management. The text uses examples based on the accounts of a Gloucestershire farm to illustrate its points. This book will be of value to anyone with an interest in accounting and the history of agriculture.

Current inquiries into the political economy of financial policymaking in Malaysia tend to focus on the high-level drama of crisis politics or simply point to the limited impact of post-crisis financial reforms, given that politico-business relations have remained close. In so doing, pundits ignore a number of intriguing questions: what is the relationship between financial development and financialisation and how has it played out in the Malaysian context? And more generally: how can a country like Malaysia become significantly more financially developed, yet fail to emancipate the financial system from political control; a core element of the financial development discourse? To unravel the complexities of this puzzle, this book subjects the history and contemporary practices of financial policymaking in Malaysia to scrutiny. It argues that to understand financial development in Malaysia, its progress and reversals, it is important to conceptualise it as a political, rather than a merely technical process. In so doing, the book echoes a more profound concern in the political economy literature, namely the evolving relationship between states and markets, and the supposed retreat or reassertion of the state at a time of increasing (financial) globalisation. The book can generate further insights into the evolving role of the state with regard to broader processes of development and marketisation, as they relate specifically to finance.

* Universally regarded as the most readable and student friendly school finance book on the market. * Includes strong explanations of budgets and budgetary processes. * More manageable and accessible than other texts, while maintaining comprehensive coverage * Authored by three of the nation's top school finance scholars with elite credentials and widespread name recognition. * Rich cases and point-counterpoint feature

Mutual-fund superstar Peter Lynch and author John Rothchild explain the basic principles of investing and business in a primer that will enlighten and entertain anyone who is high-school age or older.

Many investors, including some with substantial portfolios, have only the sketchiest idea of how the stock market works. The reason, say Lynch and Rothchild, is that the basics of investing -- the fundamentals of our economic system and what they have to do with the stock market -- aren't taught in school. At a time when individuals have to make important decisions about saving for college and 401(k) retirement funds, this failure to provide a basic education in investing can have tragic consequences.

For those who know what to look for, investment opportunities are everywhere. The average high-school student is familiar with Nike, Reebok, McDonald's, the Gap, and the Body Shop. Nearly every teenager in America drinks Coke or Pepsi, but only a very few own shares in either company or even understand how to buy them. Every student studies American history, but few realize that our country was settled by European colonists financed by public companies in England and Holland -- and the basic principles behind public companies haven't changed in more than 300 years.

In Learn to Earn, Lynch and Rothchild explain in a style accessible to anyone who is high-school age or older how to read a stock table in the daily newspaper, how to understand a company annual report, and why everyone should pay attention to the stock market. They explain not only how to invest, but also how to think like an investor.

* Universally regarded as the most readable and student friendly school finance book on the market. * Includes strong explanations of budgets and budgetary processes. * More manageable and accessible than other texts, while maintaining comprehensive coverage * Authored by three of the nation's top school finance scholars with elite credentials and widespread name recognition. * Rich cases and point-counterpoint feature

Modern Auditing has become established as one of the leading textbooks for students taking university and professional courses in auditing. This extensively revised third edition continues to provide the reader with a comprehensive and integrated coverage of the latest developments in the environment and methodology of auditing.
Aimed at introductory level courses in auditing at undergraduate, graduate and professional levels, it develops the auditing process in a logical and sequential manner enabling the reader to progressively consolidate their understanding of the concepts and process.
The book contains a strong pedagogical framework including: chapter overviews, learning objectives and checks, review questions, professional application questions, case studies and a glossary of technical terms.

New features include:
* Updated coverage of developments in companies legislation, regulation and corporate governance
* Discussion of new developments in ethical codes
* Coverage of the latest audit risk standards and the impact of the IAASB's Clarity Project
* Focus on changes in professional statements and structure and the increasing influence of IFAC

Sustainability Accounting, Management Control and Reporting: A European Perspective traces a picture of innovative performance measurement tools and approaches to drive organizations to implement their shared value and sustainability strategy, considering different perspectives around accounting, managerial control and reporting. In recent years, organizations managing their responsible approach with relevance and pressure from stakeholders and regulations has proven to be a major challenge. During the first two decades of the 21st century, many companies have reached a real maturity in this area and have deployed coherent responsible approaches that are integrated into their overall strategy. It is now a matter of steering these responsible approaches from an accounting and managerial standpoint, but also of reporting on them. It requires the simultaneous use of comprehensive accounting, controlling and reporting tools. This book provides an innovative perspective on sustainable management control, comprehensive accounting and integrated reporting, presenting the most recent proposals and the main critical issues. Aimed at researchers, academics, managers, business leaders and advanced students, the book will be especially valuable to those in the fields of corporate social responsibility, strategic management, and accounting.

Corporate governance and corporate reporting are closely linked to each other, and their respective evolutionary patterns are mutually influencing. Along with the recent expansion of company disclosure, a growing attention is being paid to corporate governance determinants and mechanisms underpinning the decision to voluntarily adopt non-financial disclosure formats, such as integrated reporting. At institutional level, several national corporate governance codes have been changed towards the recognition and inclusion of this innovative, non-financial language. In academic research, the influence of corporate governance variables vis-a-vis the choice to embrace such reporting practices has been subject to a long scrutiny. However, only a little inquiry has so far analysed the influence of corporate governance factors on integrated reporting adoption, quality, and credibility. Accordingly, the aim of the book is to investigate if, and to what extent, corporate board composition and characteristics can affect, at the same time, the decision to voluntarily adopt integrated reporting by companies as well as their financial performance. The study carries out an empirical analysis of the professional features of board members at the time of their decision to implement integrated reporting as a new form of company accountability. The work provides innovative insights into the articulated relationships between the quantitative and qualitative composition of corporate boards and the latter's choice to uptake this advanced form of reporting to represent the wider value creation processes of their organisations.

In recent years, nonprofit and voluntary organisations have faced challenges and unanticipated pressures as a result of increased competition for funding, technological advancements, the need to comply with government regulations, and increased social and community expectations regarding greater accountability and transparency. Cost accounting and cost management tools are considered to be a means of providing adequate and quality information for management control for all sorts of organisations, including nonprofits. Using empirical evidence from the Australian nonprofit sector, this research monograph offers insight into how nonprofit and voluntary organisations control and manage the costs of their operations and projects through cost accounting and cost management tools. The book will be of benefit to a range of stakeholders in the sector, including financial and management accountants, professional accounting bodies, the government, policymakers, academics, consultants and operational managers.

An Economic Philosophy of Production, Work and Consumption presents a new transhistorical framework of defining production, work and consumption. It shows that they all share the common feature of intentional physical transformation of something external to the agent, at some point in time. The book opens with a discussion of various theoretical traditions within economics, spanning mainstream and heterodox perspectives, and problems with production definitions in use today. Next, the author outlines various definitions in a more formal manner and provides a discussion on measurement and the production boundary. Unproductive work is redefined as socially reproductive, i.e. such that would not be performed on a Robinson Crusoe Island. Finally, the volume applies the new conceptual framework to various historical cases and discusses the future of production, work and consumption. This essential volume will be of interest to scholars of economic philosophy and methodology, the history of economic thought, economic history and national accounting. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

A focused, user-friendly introduction to international financial reporting International Financial Reporting, 8th edition by Melville employs a practical, applied approach in exploring and explaining the key financial standards. With more than 140 countries in the world now using international financial reporting standards (IFRS (R) Standards), knowledge of the standards issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB (R)) is vital to your success in financial accounting. Offering a thorough introduction to international financial reporting, this new edition brings the book completely up-to-date with international standards issued as of 1 January 2022. The title is suitable for second-year undergraduates studying for a degree in accounting and finance and those preparing for examinations for the professional accounting bodies. It explains each standard as clearly and concisely as possible and provides plenty of worked examples and solutions. End-of-chapter exercises feature questions from past exam papers of key professional accountancy bodies to test your grasp of the topics introduced in that chapter. 'Melville's textbook is accessible, comprehensive, reliable, and a pleasure to read.' Dr. Neil Dunne, Trinity College Dublin 'A practical book which takes a very technical subject and breaks it down into concise sections which are easy to follow.' Emma James, Swansea University Pearson, the world's learning company.

What part does customer and employee satisfaction play in overall business success?

Management Accountants developing business models must consider this question, especially if they are taking the popular "balanced scorecard" or "strategy mapping" approaches to performance measurement. When doing so, stating cause-and-effect relationships between measurable factors like satisfaction and profitability is common practice. However, few companies test their own hypotheses. If the links are incorrect, these models can actually guide the firm down a path to failure.

This report reveals the findings of state-of-the-art interventionist research on a major US homebuilder. The core claims of this company s business model were positive effects in the future due to improvements in customer and employee satisfaction. Tests were made on the validity of these claims to discover how much we can rely on these factors to improve performance. This report also examines how effective various measurement alternatives are through analysis of data compiled by different consulting companies.

The results reveal that the links between satisfaction and performance is less strong and more complex than the company had assumed: these measures cannot be relied upon to guarantee increased performance. Managers must have a sophisticated understanding of performance measurement systems and to test their strategy maps empirically, rather than relying on their intuitions. This report demonstrates how you can achieve both.

* State-of-the-art interventionist research: new method in which researchers interact with the subject of the research, monitoring the effects of their input

* Helps managers protect their businesses from badbusiness modelsthrough sophisticated understanding of likely causes of success

* Shows managers how to analyse data in balanced scorecards and strategy maps to draw reliable conclusions to make the best decisions for their business"

This research project examines the relationships between HR policies, management accounting and organisational performance on the basis of international case studies and interviews across a range of industries from building materials to software development.

* Explores the relationship between different HR policies and organisational performance and how management accountants can establish links between the two;

* The first to extend existing research into Japanese companies to give a different perspective and another point of comparison;

* Case study results are tested in the telephone survey for better accuracy and insight

* Original, cutting-edge research funded by the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants

* Unique international perspective: extends existing research into Japanese companies to give a different perspective and another point of comparison

* Results of six extensive case studies and 100 telephone interviews

This book addresses the important role of communication within the context of performing an audit, project, or review (i.e., planning, detailed testing, and reporting). Intended for audit, information security, enterprise, and operational risk professionals at all levels, including those just starting out, Say What!? Communicate with Tact and Impact: What to Say to Get Results at Any Point in an Audit contains an array of practical and time-tested approaches that foster efficient and effective communication at any point during an engagement. The practical and memorable techniques are culled from author Ann M. Butera's CRP experience as a trusted advisor who has taught thousands of professionals how to develop and hone their interpersonal, communication, and empathic skills. Those familiar with the Five Tier Competency ModelTM she developed will recognize these techniques as a deep dive on the competencies comprising Tier 3: Project Management and Tier 5: Managing Constituent Relations. The author discusses the following behaviors in one's dealings with executives, process owners, control performers, and colleagues: Demonstrating executive presence Becoming the trusted advisor Influencing others Communicating with tact, confidence, and impact Facilitating productive meetings and discussions Overcoming resistance and objections Managing and resolving conflict Knowing when to let a topic go and move on This book is a guide for professionals who want to interact proactively and persuasively with those they work with, audit, or review. It describes techniques that can be used during virtual, in-person, telephone, or video conferences (as opposed to emails, workpapers, and reports). It provides everyone (newer associates in particular) with the interpersonal skills needed to (1) develop and build relationships with their internal constituents and clients, (2) facilitate conversations and discussions before and during meetings, and (3) handle impromptu questions with confidence and executive presence and make positive first impressions. The topics and techniques discussed are accompanied by case studies, examples, and exercises to give the readers the opportunity to develop plans to bridge the gap between theory and practice. The readers can use the book as a reliable resource when subject matter experts or training guides are not readily available.

International GAAP 2021 International GAAP 2021 is a detailed guide to interpreting and implementing International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). By setting IFRS in a relevant business context, it provides insights on how complex practical issues should be resolved in the real world of global financial reporting. This book is an essential tool for anyone applying, auditing, interpreting, regulating, studying or teaching IFRS. Written by EY financial reporting professionals from around the world, this three-volume guide to reporting under IFRS provides a global perspective on the application of IFRS. The book explains complex technical accounting issues clearly by setting IFRS in a practical context with numerous worked examples and hundreds of illustrations from the published financial reports of major listed companies from around the world. Volume 1 contains the following chapters and sections: International GAAP The IASB's Conceptual Framework Presentation of financial statements and accounting policies Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations First-time adoption Consolidated financial statements Consolidation procedures and non-controlling interests Separate and individual financial statements Business combinations Business combinations under common control Investments in associates and joint ventures Joint arrangements Disclosure of interests in other entities Fair value measurement Foreign exchange Hyperinflation Intangible assets Property, plant and equipment Investment property Impairment of fixed assets and goodwill Capitalisation of borrowing costs Inventories Index of extracts from financial statements for all three volumes Index of standards for all three volumes Index for all three volumes This book is printed on acid-free paper, responsibly manufactured from well-managed FSC-certified forests and other controlled sources. This material has been prepared for general informational purposes only and is not intended to be relied upon as accounting, tax, legal or other professional advice. Please refer to your advisors for specific advice. ey.com/igaap

Budgeting is at the heart of the performance management process for most companies. However, some argue that many companies today are dissatisfied with budgeting. It is seen to be costly and time-consuming; it inhibits action and causes organisational problems. The influence of the "Beyond Budgeting" model has caused many major companies, including Toyota, to abandon traditional budgeting altogether. Should other companies follow suit?

This report explores the changes in budgeting through a survey of financial and non-financial managers. Concerns include:

The attitudes of managers towards budgeting models

How budgetary practices have changed

What problems budgeting can cause

The effects of budgets on overall company performance.

This report reveals that there s little evidence to suggest widespread dissatisfaction with traditional budgeting. However, to enable a company to perform at its best, understanding budgeting in context is essential and it is imperative that budgeting works in tandem with other control systems and organisational structure.

* Original research funded by the Chartered Institute of Management Accounting

* Reveals the realities of budgeting models in practice

* Includes interviews and surveys ofactual businesses"