Music aesthetics in late eighteenth-century Germany has always been problematic because there was no aesthetic theory to evaluate the enormous amount of high-quality instrumental music produced by composers like Haydn and Mozart. This book derives a practical aesthetic for German instrumental music during the late eighteenth century from a previously neglected source, reviews of printed instrumental works. At a time when the theory of mimesis dominated aesthetic thought, leaving sonatas and symphonies at the very bottom of the aesthetic hierarchy, a group of reviewers were quietly setting about the task of evaluating instrumental music on its own terms. The reviews document an intersection with trends in literature and philosophy, and reveal interest in criteria like genius, the expressive power of music, and the necessity of unity, several decades earlier than has previously been supposed.

The phrase "popular music revolution" may instantly bring to mind such twentieth-century musical movements as jazz and rock 'n' roll. In Sounds of the Metropolis, however, Derek Scott argues that the first popular music revolution actually occurred in the nineteenth century, illustrating how a distinct group of popular styles first began to assert their independence and values. London, New York, Paris, and Vienna feature prominently as cities in which the challenge to the classical tradition was strongest, and in which original and influential forms of popular music arose, from Viennese waltz and polka to vaudeville and cabaret.
Scott explains the popular music revolution as driven by social changes and the incorporation of music into a system of capitalist enterprise, which ultimately resulted in a polarization between musical entertainment (or "commercial" music) and "serious" art. He focuses on the key genres and styles that precipitated musical change at that time, and that continued to have an impact upon popular music in the next century. By the end of the nineteenth century, popular music could no longer be viewed as watered down or more easily assimilated art music; it had its own characteristic techniques, forms, and devices. As Scott shows, "popular" refers here, for the first time, not only to the music's reception, but also to the presence of these specific features of style. The shift in meaning of "popular" provided critics with tools to condemn music that bore the signs of the popular-which they regarded as fashionable and facile, rather than progressive and serious.
A fresh and persuasive consideration of the genesis of popular music on its own terms, Sounds ofthe Metropolis will appeal to students of music, cultural sociology, and history.

The International Who s Who in Classical Music 2009 is an unparalleled source of biographical information on singers, instrumentalists, composers, conductors and managers. The directory section lists orchestras, opera companies and other institutions connected with the classical music world.

Each biographical entry comprises personal information, principal career details, repertoire, recordings and compositions, and full contact details where available. Appendices provide contact details for national orchestras, opera companies, music festivals, music organizations and major competitions and awards.

Entries include individuals involved in all aspects of the world of classical music: composers, instrumentalists, singers, arrangers, writers, musicologists, conductors, directors and managers.

Key features:

• over 8,000 detailed biographical entries
• covers the classical and light classical fields
• includes both up-and-coming musicians and well-established names.

This book will prove invaluable for anyone in need of reliable, up-to-date information on the individuals and organizations involved in classical music.

MUSIC in the BAROQUE ERA FROM Monteverdi TO Bach By MANFRED R BUKOFZER PROFESSOR OF MUSIC, THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. New York NORTON tf COMPANY INO COPYRIGHT, 1947, BY W. W. NORTON COMPANY, INC. NEW YORK, N. Y. IN THE tmiTED STATES OB AMERICA FOR THE PUBLISHERS BY THE VAIL-BALLOXJ PRESS MCE IVEO R. Y CMF 1869 1943 . A. I ion. eer o CONTENTS PREFACE xiii Chapter One RENAISSANCE versus BAROQUE MUSIC i Disintegration of Stylistic Unity i Stylistic Comparison between Renaissance and Baroque Music 9 The Phases of Baroque Music 16 Chapter Two EARLY BAROQUE IN ITALY 20 The Beginnings of the Concertato Style Gabriel 20 The Monody Peri and Caccini 25 Transformation of the Madrigal Monteverdi 33 The Influence of the Dance on Vocal Music 38 Emancipation of Instrumental Music Frcscobaldi 43 The Rise of the Opera Monteverdi 55 Tradition and Progress in Sacred Music 64 Chapter Three EARLY AND MIDDLE BAROQUE IN THE NORTHERN COUNTRIES 71 The Netherlands School and Its English Background 71 English Antecedents the Abstract Instrumental Style 72 The Netherlands Sweelinck 74 Germany and Austria in the 17th Century 78 Chorale and Devotional Song 79 Chorale Motet and Chorale Concertato Schein 83 The Dramatic Concertato Schiitz 88 Continue Lied, Opera, and Oratorio 97 Instrumental Music Scheldt, Froberger, and Biber 104 Chapter Four ITALIAN MUSIC OF THE MIDDLE BAROQUE 118 The Bel-Canto Style 118 The Chamber Cantata Luigi Rossi and Carissimi 120 vii viii Contents The Oratorio Carissimi and Stradella 123 The Venetian Opera School 128 Instrumental Music the Bologna School 136 Chapter Five FRENCH MUSIC UNDER THE ABSOLUTISM 141 The Ballet de Cour 141 French Reactions to Italian Opera 147 Comedie-Ballet andTragedie Lyrique Lully 151 Cantata, Oratorio, and Church Music 161 Lute Miniatures and Keyboard Music Gaultier and Chambon niires 164 Music in the Iberian Peninsula, New Spain, and Colonial America 174 Chapter Six ENGLISH MUSIC DURING THE COM MONWEALTH AND RESTORATION 180 The Masque and the English Opera Lawes and Blow 180 Consort Music Jenkins and Simpson 190 Anglican Church Music Porter, Humfrcy, and Blow 198 Henry Purcell, the Restoration Genius 203 Chapter Seven LATE BAROQUE LUXURIANT COUN TERPOINT AND CONCERTO STYLE 219 The Culmination of Late Baroque Music in Italy 219 The Rise of Tonality 219 Concerto Grosso and Solo Concerto 222 Ensemble Sonata and Solo Sonata 232 Opera Seria and Opera B Cantata and Sacred Music 239 Late Baroque and Rococo Style in France 247 Ensemble and Clavecin Music 247 Opera and Cantata in France 253 Chapter Eight FUSION OF NATIONAL STYLES BACH 260 The State of Instrumental Music in Germany before Bach 260 The State of Protestant Church Music before Bach 268 Bach The Early Period 270 Bach the Organist Weimar 275 Bach the Mentor C5then 282 Contents ix Bach the Cantor Leipzig 291 Bach, the Past Master 300 Chapter Nine COORDINATION OF NATIONAL STYLES HANDEL 306 The State of Secular Vocal Music in Germany before Handel 306 Handel German Apprentice Period 314 Italian Journeyman Period 318 English Master Period Operas Oratorios Instrumental Music 3 2 4 Bach and Handel, a Comparison 345 Chapter Ten FORM IN BAROQUE MUSIC 35 Formal Principles and Formal Schemes 350 Style and Form 362 Audible Form and Inaudible Order 365 Chapter Eleven MUSICAL THOUGHT OF THE BAROQUE ERA 37 Code of Performance Composer and Performer 371 Theory and Practice of Composition 382 MusicalSpeculation 39 Chapter Twelve SOCIOLOGY OF BAROQUE MUSIC 394 Courtly Musical Institutions of State and Church Private Patronage 394 Civic Musical Institutions Collective Patronage 401 Social and Economic Aspects of Music and Musicians 404 APPENDICES List of Abbreviations 4 5 Checklist of Baroque Books on Music 4 X 7 Bibliography 433 List of Editions 4 i List of Musical Examples 47 1 INDEX 475 ILLUSTRATIONS Facing page PLATE i. Claudio Monteverdi 80 PLATE 2. Schutz among his Choristers 81 PLATE 3. Carissimis The Deluge 112 PLATE 4...

William Billings (1746-1800) was the most important native-born composer of the American colonial and Federal eras. He wrote hundreds of choral compositions, which were set to sacred or devotional texts for use by church choirs, singing schools, and musical societies. Extremely popular in his own time, Billings's music was denigrated during the nineteenth century when European styles governed American musical tastes. In the twentieth century his genius was recognized, and his music is widely sung and studied. Originally published in six tunebooks, the 338 extant pieces were issued in a scholarly edition by the American Musicological Society and The Colonial Society of Massachusetts as The Complete Works of William Billings (4 vols., 1977-1990). The present catalog complements the Complete Works by serving as a guide to its contents and providing a wealth of additional data. Included for each composition are exact title; text source; first line; technical information on length, meter, key, and melody; manuscript sources and contemporaneous reprints; bibliography and modern recordings. An extensive list of works cited is followed by five indexes providing access to the material in the catalog by first line of text, Billings's anthem titles, text sources, musical form (tune types), and musical incipits. The catalog provides for Billings's music information similar to that found in Schmeider's listings for Bach and Koechel's listings for Mozart.

"International Whos Who in Classical Music 2006" is an unparalleled source of biographical information on singers, instrumentalists, composers, conductors and managers. The directory section lists orchestras, opera companies and other institutions connected with the classical music world.
Each biographical entry comprises personal information, principal career details, repertoire, recordings and compositions, and full contact details where available. The directory gives contact details for orchestras, opera companies, festivals, music libraries and conservatories, major competitions and awards, and other music organizations in classical music.
Entries include individuals involved in all aspects of the world of classical music: composers, instrumentalists, singers, arrangers, writers, musicologists, conductors, directors and managers. Among those listed in this new edition are Philip Glass, Lang Lang, George Crumb, Evelyn Glennie, Yo-Yo Ma and Inga Nielsen.
Over 8,000 detailed biographical entries
Covers the Classical and Light Classical fields
Includes both up-and-coming musicians and well-established names
This book will prove invaluable for anyone in need of reliable, up-to-date information on the individuals and organizations involved in classical music.

Heinrich Schenker ranks among the most important figures in the development of western music theory in the twentieth century. His approach to the analysis of music permeates nearly every aspect of the field and continues to this day to be a topic of great interest among music theorists, historians, composers and performers. In his four volume work, Die letzen Sonaten von Beethoven: Kritische Ausgabe mit Einfuhrung und Erlauterung (The Last Piano Sonatas by Beethoven: Critical edition with Introduction and Commentary) Schenker presented editions of Beethoven's Opp. 109, 110, 111 and 101 that were, at the time, unprecedented in their faithfulness to such authoritative sources as Beethoven's autograph manuscripts. He included a movement-by-movement and section-by-section discussion of form and content that grew increasingly penetrating from one volume to the next as the musical theory for which he is now known was developed, alongside inspired and detailed suggestions for the performance of each section of each work. In Beethoven's Last Piano Sonatas: An Edition, with Elucidation, noted Schenker scholar John Rothgeb presents the first English language edition and translation of these important works. Rothgeb builds upon Schenker's text, adding explanations of certain points in the commentary, references to corrections and other remarks entered by Schenker in his personal copies of the volumes, and graphic presentations of several passages (a practice that became standard in Schenker's own analytical work later in his career). Making these seminal works accessible to English speaking scholars and students for the first time, Beethoven's Last Piano Sonatas is an essential reference for music theorists, historians, performers, and composers alike.

Exploring the personal and cultural experiences that have shaped the creative output of one of Australia's foremost composers, this fascinating study begins in a Russian enclave in northern China, progresses through student days in Sydney and San Francisco, and culminates with Sitsky's present position as Professor of Composition at The Australian National University in Canberra. The many influences on his work, including important professional and personal relationships with such eminent persons as the poet Gwen Harwood and the violinist Jan Sedivka, are discussed in detail as are the sources of much of the inspiration for Sitsky's compositions, now numbering close to 200. Of interest to scholars, students, and anyone interested in 20th-century music. In addition to presenting Sitsky's fascinating life story and expounding on the central position he has occupied for the past 40 years in Australia's musical culture, this important work provides for the first time comprehensive bibliographic references to all of Sitsky's compositions, his writing, his recordings, and his appearances as a pianist and lecturer on music. The book is a most valuable addition to any collection, for it is both a work of reference and a compelling story of the development of one of the most eclectic, visionary, and confronting artists of his generation.

Contains some of the most popular pieces ever written for guitar, including MalagueAa, El Testamento de Amelia, Lagrima and Recuerdos de la Alhambra. Helpful playing tips and plenty of fingerings are included, making this your ultimate source for Spanish guitar pieces. Every piece is written in standard music notation and easy-to-read tablature showing exactly where each note should be played on the guitar.

Brings new insights to the music of well-known European composers by telling a fascinating, little-known story about French music publishing, specifically through the lens of Jacques Durand's Édition Classique. French composers, performers and musicologists acted as editors of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century European 'classics', primarily for piano. Among these editors were Fauré, Saint-Saëns, Debussy, Ravel and Dukas; the objects of their enquiries included core works by Rameau, Bach, Mozart, Beethoven, Mendelssohn, Schumann and Chopin. Presenting six composer-editor case studies, the volume shows that the French 'accent', both musical and cultural, upon this predominantly Austro-German music was highly varied. Editorial responses range from scholarly approaches to those directed by performance or compositional agendas, and from pan-European to strongly patriotic stances. Intriguing intersections are revealed between old and new, and between French and cross-European canons. Beyond editing, the book explores the Édition's role in pedagogy and performance, including by pianists Robert Casadesus and Yvonne Loriod, and in the reassertion of contemporary French composition, especially regarding innovation around neoclassicism. It will interest a wide readership, including musicologists, performers and concert-goers, cultural historians and other humanities scholars.

First published in 1994. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Adorno's aesthetics are one of the most important philosophical analyses of the 20th century, but their development remains unclear. Adorno, Aesthetics, Dissonance is the first book to provide a detailed study of how Adorno's thinking of aesthetics developed and to show the different dimensions that came together to make it uniquely powerful. Principal among these dimensions are his intense interest in music and his historical and materialist approach. In addition, by studying how Adorno's aesthetics arose through interactions with different thinkers, particularly Kracauer, Horkheimer, and Schoenberg, it becomes clear that his thought changes in its relation to dialectics. As a result, Adorno's thinking comes to broaden the understanding of aesthetics to include the sphere of sensuality, and in doing so transforms both aesthetics and dialectics through a notion of dissonance, which in turn has substantial implications for the relation of his thinking to praxis.

Satirically utilized by Strauss II to highlight the deceptive aristocratic class, under Lehar, Schoenberg, Mahler, and Webern's pens the waltz became the pivot between the conscious and unconscious, forcing the music into a paralytic "second state" analogous with the stagnation of the Habsburg Empire. The Waltz: The Decadence and Decline of Austria's Unconscious shows how over the hundred years between the Vienna Congress and the dissolution of the Empire, the waltz altered from signifier of upper-class artifice-covering with glitz and glamour the poverty and war central to the time-to the link between the three classes, between man and nature, and between Viennese and "Other." Danielle Hood wields the Freudian concepts of the uncanny and the doppelganger to explain this revolution from the simple signification of a dance to the psychological anxiety of a subject's place in society.

The sequel to Richard Maunder's The Scoring of Baroque Concertos In the baroque era most concertos were - in the modern sense of the term - chamber music, to be played by a small group of musicians each reading from an individual printed or manuscript part. Indeed, composers often expected thesoloist to be accompanied by just a string quartet with a harpsichord or organ continuo. But over the thirty years from 1750, as the classical style was being developed, numbers began to rise slowly. This did not happen at a uniform rate throughout Europe, however, for many concertos continued to be played one-to-a-part, and even by 1780 an ensemble with more than eight or nine strings would have been unusual. The nineteenth-century notion that a concertopitted a lone soloist against a full symphony orchestra still lay some years in the future. At the same time ideas about form were changing, as the Vivaldian ritornello pattern metamorphosed into the concerto-sonata form usedby Mozart and his contemporaries; some unconventional variants appeared as composers strove to keep abreast of latest developments. It was a fascinating period of innovation, in which many hundreds of concertos were written. To be sure, not all of them can be described as "forgotten masterpieces", but among them there are some very fine works that certainly ought to be revived. It is hoped that readers of this book may be encouraged to explore this comparatively neglected repertoire. The late RICHARD MAUNDER was a Fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge. His previous book, The Scoring of Baroque Concertos, was published by The Boydell Press in 2004. He has also published books on Mozart's Requiem, Keyboard Instruments in Eighteenth-Century Vienna and numerous editions of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century music.

"Music and the Making of the Middle Class" explores the making of middle-class culture by analyzing and comparing the ethos and organization of Leipzig's Gewandhaus and Birmingham's Triennial Festival. It employs a multidisciplinary approach to identify the social processes which formed the cultural configurations and meanings of art.

The first detailed contextual study of chamber music in Beethoven's Vienna, at a time when the string quartet reigned supreme among the different chamber genres This book is the first detailed contextual study of string quartets in Beethoven's Vienna, at a time when that genre reigned supreme among the different chamber genres. Focusing on a key transition period in the early nineteenth century, which bore witness to fundamental shifts in the 'private' sphere of music-making, it explores the 'cultivation' of string quartets by composers, critics, listeners, performers, publishers and patrons. The book highlights these parties' interactions, ideas and ideals, which were central to defining the unique cultures of chamber music arising at this time. We gain fresh insights into publishing and marketing, performance venues and practices, review culture, listening theories and practices, and composition in early nineteenth-century Vienna. Until now, the unique theatricality of chamber music, and the 'social' nature of its discourse, has been poorly appreciated. Cultivating String Quartets in Beethoven's Vienna addresses this misconception and enriches our understanding of this crucial period of change, in which concert life began and previously 'private' music was moved out onto the stage. NANCY NOVEMBER is Associate Professor in Musicology at the University of Auckland.

Reconstructs the socio-political history of the heroic in music through case studies spanning the middle ages to the twenty-first century The first part of this volume reconstructs the various musical strategies that composers of medieval chant, Renaissance madrigals, and Baroque operas, cantatas or oratorios employed when referring to heroic ideas exemplifying their personal moral and political values. A second part investigating the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries expands the previous narrow focus on Beethoven's heroic middle period and the cult of the virtuoso. It demonstrates the wide spectrum of heroic positions - national, ethnic, revolutionary, bourgeois and spiritual - that filtered not only into 'classical' large-scale heroic symphonies and virtuoso solo concerts, but also into chamber music and vernacular dance music. The third part documents the forced heroization of music in twentieth-century totalitarian regimes such as Nazi-Germany and the Soviet Union and its consequences for heroic thinking and musical styles in the time thereafter. Final chapters show how recent rock-folk and avant-garde musicians in North America and Europe feature new heroic models such as the everyday hero and the scientific heroine revealing new confidence in the idea of the heroic.

Music, Place, and Identity in Italian Urban Soundscapes circa 1550-1860 presents new perspectives on the role music played in the physical, cultural, and civic spaces of Italian cities from the sixteenth to the nineteenth century. Across thirteen chapters, contributors explore the complex connections between sound and space within these urban contexts, demonstrating how music and sound were intimately connected to changing social and political practices. The volume offers a critical redefinition of the core concept of soundscape, considering musical practices through the lenses of territory, space, representation, and identity, in five parts: Soundscape, Phonosphere, and Urban History Urban Soundscapes across Time Urban Soundscapes and Acoustic Communities Urban Soundscapes in Literary Sources Reconstructing Urban Soundscapes in the Digital Era Music, Place, and Identity in Italian Urban Soundscapes circa 1550-1860 reframes our understanding of Italian music history beyond models of patronage, investigating how sounds and musics have contributed to the construction of human identities and communities.

In this first comprehensive examination of the music of the most prolific Bach son, David Schulenberg offers new perspectives on the career, style, and originality of Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach. Of Bach's four sons who became composers, Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach (1714-88) was the most prolific, the most original, and the most influential both during and after his lifetime. This is the first comprehensive study of his music, examining not only the famous keyboard sonatas and concertos but also the songs, the chamber music, and the sacred works, many of which resurfaced only recently and have not previously been evaluated. A compositional biography,the book surveys C. P. E. Bach's extensive output of nearly a thousand works while tracing his musical development-from his student days at Leipzig and Frankfurt (Oder), through his nearly three decades as court musician to Prussian King Frederick "the Great," to his final twenty years as cantor and music director at Hamburg. David Schulenberg, author of important books on the music of J. S. Bach and his first son, W. F. Bach, here considers the legacy of the second son from a compelling new perspective. Focusing on C. P. E. Bach's compositional choices within his social and historical context, Schulenberg shows how C. P. E. Bach deliberately avoided his father's style whileborrowing from the manner of his Berlin colleagues, who were themselves inspired by Italian opera. Schulenberg also shows how C. P. E. Bach, now best known for his virtuoso keyboard works, responded to changing cultural and aesthetic trends by refashioning himself as a writer of vocal music and popular chamber compositions. Audio versions of the book's musical examples, as well as further examples and supplementary tables and texts, are available on a companion website. David Schulenberg is professor of music at Wagner College and teaches historical performance at the Juilliard School. He is the author of The Music of Wilhelm Friedemann Bach (University of Rochester Press, 2010).

It was Carl Dahlhaus who coined the phrase 'dead time' to describe the state of the symphony between Schumann and Brahms. Christopher Fifield argues that many of the symphonies dismissed by Dahlhaus made worthy contributions to the genre. He traces the root of the problem further back to Beethoven's ninth symphony, a work which then proceeded to intimidate symphonists who followed in its composer's footsteps, including Schubert, Mendelssohn and Schumann. In 1824 Beethoven set a standard that then had to rise in response to more demanding expectations from both audiences and the musical press. Christopher Fifield, who has a conductor's intimacy with the repertory, looks in turn at the five decades between the mid-1820s and mid-1870s. He deals only with non-programmatic works, leaving the programme symphony to travel its own route to the symphonic poem. Composers who lead to Brahms (himself a reluctant symphonist until the age of 43 in 1876) are frequently dismissed as epigones of Beethoven, Mendelssohn and Schumann but by investigating their symphonies, Fifield reveals their respective brands of originality, even their own possible influence upon Brahms himself and in so doing, shines a light into a half-century of neglected nineteenth century German symphonic music.

Sergei Rachmaninoff experienced life-changing upheavals and competing inflection points of musical taste, traversing countries and continents as he pursued the triply-brilliant career of composer-conductor-virtuoso pianist. Born in tsarist Russia and raised as a nobleman in a well-educated musical family, Rachmaninoff led a bold lifestyle as a cutting-edge composer, admirer of the latest trends in art, and even aficionado of new developments in farm equipment for his beloved estate of Ivanovka. Wherever his concertizing took him, to glittering capitals all over the world, Rachmaninoff became a nexus for prominent musicians, writers, actors, and other personalities defining this era. Valeria Z. Nollan's biography of perhaps the finest pianist of the twentieth century plunges readers into Rachmaninoff's complex inner world. Sergei Rachmaninoff: Cross Rhythms of the Soul is the first biography of Rachmaninoff in English that presents him in the fullness of his Russian identity. As someone whose own life in Russian emigration ran in parallel ways to Rachmaninoff's own-and whose meetings with the composer's grandson in Switzerland informed her work-Nollan brings important cultural insights into her observations of the activities of this generation of creative artists. She also traces the intricacies of Rachmaninoff's relations with the women closest to him-whose imprints are palpable in his compositions-and introduces a mystery woman whose existence challenges our established narrative of his life.

This edition presents 65 diverse songs by major composers of German art song, or lieder, and is the perfect one-volume lieder source for voice students. All the songs are new Vocal Library editions. Historical notes about the relevant history and background of each song are included, as are line-by-line translations for study. A select committee of experienced voice teachers was consulted to choose the most essential and vocally instructive songs in compiling this collection. Composers represented: Beethoven, Brahms, Franz, Gustav Mahler, Alma Mahler, Fanny Hensel, Mendelssohn, Mozart, Schubert, Clara Schumann, Robert Schumann, Strauss, Wolf. Co-editor Dr. Virginia Saya, on the faculty of Loyola Marymount University, is a musicologist with a special interest in lieder. This collection includes the first American edition of Funf Ophelia Lieder by Brahms. 288 pages, sewn binding.