1. While previous books have offered social work perspectives or research on the victims of such crimes, this is the first to offer a criminological typology of the offenders. 2. This book connects academic research to practice, considering the implications for law enforcement, investigation and prevention.

Countries that have a domestic final appellate court have established a judicial institution over which they have control as part of the policymaking governing structure and how they view other existing and emerging extraterritorial courts will be influenced by their perception of the court and the role it will play when the policies of the governing coalition are challenged. This book analyzes that phenomenon in terms of the broader construction and understanding of the state in the era of international law, legal tribunals, and globalization. By zooming in on the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC), an ancient colonial court, Harold Young examines how the Caribbean Community, specifically, the 15 former British colonies comprising the Caribbean Basin are navigating their changing political environments and transitioning to its own extraterritorial court, the Caribbean Court of Justice. Using historical reviews, descriptive analyses, and statistical methodologies Young finds that the choice to retain the JCPC at independence is influenced by the colonial experience, the length of colonial rule, and how deeply embedded the JCPC is on the governing structures of the new state.

A selection of cases decided by ICC arbitrators during the period 1991-1995. It reproduces case notes including extracts of awards in their original language with a commentary, as well as three indexes - an analytical and chronological one, and a keyword index in English and French - for easy reference. This reference should be of value to all interested in ICC arbitration procedure and ICC awards applying the various laws of a variety of trading nations.

This book discusses the reform and improvement of Chinese legislation on Privately Financed Infrastructure Projects (PFIPs), the goal being to help its implementation in China satisfy international standards. In this regard, current Chinese laws are found to be insufficient when it comes to reducing risks to PFIPs, due to certain shortcomings. Therefore, the corresponding legislation must be reformed and improved.The Legislative Guide and Model Provisions drafted by UNCITRAL are discussed as the international standards that can effectively guide this reform; other countries' laws on PFIPs provide supplementary reference material.Given the rapid rise in the use of PFIPs in China, this book offers a strong theoretical basis for improving Chinese legislation. It also provides general suggestions that can be applied to the reform of laws on PFIPs in any country.

International Arbitration: Issues, Perspectives and Practice is a three-part compendium of contributions annotated to reflect Neil Kaplan’s over 40-year career as a Judge of the Supreme Court of Hong Kong. Neil is widely referred to as the ‘father of arbitration in Hong Kong’ who has gone on to become one of the members of the upper echelons of the ‘great and the good’ of international arbitration.

On the occasion of his 75th birthday, Neil Kaplan’s unparalleled influence in the field of international arbitration is celebrated in this book which comprises contributions from over twenty-five renowned international arbitration practitioners, all of whom credit Kaplan as having impacted the development of arbitration in their respective jurisdictions or professionally.

The past decade has witnessed change in the ways judges for the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights are selected. The leitmotif has been securing greater professional quality of the judicial candidates, and, for this purpose, both European systems have put in place various advisory panels or selection committees that are called to evaluate the aptitude of the candidates put forward by the national governments. Are these institutional reforms successful in guaranteeing greater quality of the judicial candidates? Do they increase the legitimacy of the European courts? Has the creation of these advisory panels in any way altered the institutional balance, either horizontally within the international organisations, or vertically, between the respective organisation and its Member States? Above all, has the spree of 'judicial comitology' as currently practised a good way for selecting Europe's judges? These and a number of other questions are addressed in this topical volume in a comparative and interdisciplinary prospective. The book is structured into two elements: first, how the operation of the new selection mechanisms is captured and analyzed from different vantage points, and secondly, having mapped the ground, the book critically and comparatively engages with selected common themes, examining the new mechanisms with respect to values and principles such as democracy, judicial independence, transparency, representativeness, and legitimacy.

In today's highly globalized and regulated economy, private and public organizations face myriad complex laws and regulations. A process designed to detect and prevent regulatory compliance failures is vital. However, such an effective process cannot succeed without development and maintenance of a strong compliance and legal risk management culture. This wide-ranging handbook pulls together work from experts across universities and industries around the world in a variety of key disciplines such as law, management, and business ethics. It provides an all-inclusive resource, specifying what needs to be known and what needs to be further pursued in these developing areas. With no such single text currently available, the book fills a gap in our current understanding of legal risk management, regulatory compliance, and ethics, offering the potential to advance research efforts and enhance our approaches to effective legal risk management practices. Edited by an expert on legal risk management, this book is an essential reference for students, researchers, and professionals with an interest in business law, risk management, strategic management, and business ethics.

The Ouija board jury incident of 1994 is one of the most disconcerting in English legal history, possibly (says the author) 'the nadir of reported juror misbehaviour in the 20th-century'. But, as Professor Jeremy Gans shows, in an era of soundbites it has been distorted by the media whilst even eminent lawyers have sometimes got the story wrong. In this first full-length treatment he emphasises the known facts, the constitutional dilemma of investigating even bizarre jury misbehaviour and how the trial involved one of the most serious murder cases of the decade in which two people were shot in cold blood. Stephen Young's conviction after a re-trial is still claimed to be a miscarriage of justice by some people, as to which Gans puts forward his own ingenious solution. But quite apart from analysing the facts of R v Young, this book is a tour de force on jury misbehaviour in which the author also examines the implications for example of winks and nods, research by jurors, speaking or listening out of turn, going to sleep during the hearing or falling in love with one of the advocates. Amusing at first sight, such events involve deep questions of law, practice and democratic involvement in the Criminal Justice process. Far from being a mere anecdote, the case of the Ouija board jurors, the misconceptions about it and the issues it leads to deserve close study by anyone who is even remotely interested in jury trial. The first full length treatment of an iconic case. Dispels the myths that have built-up around it. Looks at other instances of jury misbehaviour. Shows how the courts and Parliament have wrestled with problems of this kind. A first-rate analysis of a baffling double murder.

As frequent swing vote and centrist voice, Justice Sandra Day O'Connor helped shape many of the Supreme Court's landmark decisions and opinions under the leadership of William Rehnquist. Indeed, many argue that her overall impact and influence was greater than that of the Chief Justice himself.

Nancy Maveety now takes a closer look at what might justifiably be known as the O'Connor Court, in which the voices of individual justices came to the fore. She describes how policy leadership was subdivided among these eminent jurists in a way that fostered an individualist conception of judicial power. And she explains how this distribution of power contributed to a proliferation of concurring opinions--and, in polarizing issues like "Planned Parenthood v. Casey" or the Michigan affirmative action cases, decisions that sidestepped precedent-setting principles.

Maveety's book is the first to look beyond the conventional wisdom that O'Connor's centrism gave her de facto control over a court notorious for its disunity, providing instead a more precise and systematic analysis of her influence. Maveety seeks not only to assign a definitive meaning to "the Rehnquist Court" but also to identify its historical importance for the constitutional order and the conception of judicial power within it--situating O'Connor squarely at its center.

Maveety describes the attributes that distinguish this Court from its predecessors and suggests how O'Connor's five years on the Burger Court foreshadowed her emergence as an accommodationist. Then, as the Court became more polarized under Rehnquist, there evolved the individualized behavior and rule-of-thumb jurisprudence that came to characterize O'Connor's decision making. What resulted were carefully circumscribed decisions like "Bush v. Gore" or "Hamdi v. Rumsfeld" that provide fewer precedents for lower courts.

Queen's Court ultimately reveals that the importance of the Rehnquist years extends from the substance of constitutional law to the institutional operation of Court decision-making--and that O'Connor was vital to those changes.

Enacted as a special interest bill in 1925, the Federal Arbitration Act (FAA) positioned arbitration well among specialized merchant communities. Its principles relating to the legitimacy of arbitration contracts and the limited judicial supervision of arbitral awards laid the foundation for a more detailed and effective legal regulation of arbitration. Despite the advanced character of its original content, the FAA was never significantly updated by the U.S. Congress, and the standing statutory provisions did not take into account the widening scope of arbitral jurisdiction and its revolutionary impact upon adjudicatory due process. Thus, the task of adjusting the statute to new realities became the responsibility of the U. S. Supreme Court, exercising its duty over a half century and more than fifty cases with the ultimate goal to fulfill the expectations of U.S. citizenship and protect U.S. interests in global commerce.
Toward a New Federal Law on Arbitration endeavors to repair the long-standing problem of updating the official text of the Federal Arbitration Act (FAA). In this book, Thomas E. Carbonneau proposes to transform the FAA into a genuine national law of arbitration, based exclusively on the federal rules applicable to arbitration. He argues for necessary change in the federal law of arbitration that will not only benefit commercial interests and the U.S. economy, but also provide protection for smaller individual interests, such as consumers and employees. This book joins the U.S. Supreme Court in proclaiming that judicial litigation is flawed. In the process, this book describes the current federal law on arbitration, provides and explains the provisions of the proposed law, while setting the stage for future adjudicatory practice.

The use of third-party funding in the UK has been increasing and has moved into the mainstream as a funding option for clients involved in litigation, particularly following on from the positive endorsement of litigation funding by Lord Justice Jackson in his Review of Civil Litigation Costs where he said: 'I remain of the view that, in principle, third-party funding is beneficial and should be supported.'. This has now culminated in the formation of the Association of Litigation Funders to monitor compliance and the launch of the Code of Conduct for those funding in England and Wales. This practical guide to litigation funding provides the first comprehensive one-stop third-party funding reference to help practitioners in preparation for seeking funding and in their decision making. It examines the impact of the Jackson Reforms and Damages Based Agreements as well as the Code of Conduct and the Association of Litigation Funders. It would also include practical examples and a review of notable cases, including the important decisions of Gulf Azov Shipping, Arkin, London & Regional and Merchantbridge and their impact on funders, solicitors, and clients.

The role of the business corporation in modern society is a controversial one. Some fear and object to corporate power and influence over governments and culture. Others embrace the corporation as a counterweight to the State and as a vehicle to advance important private objectives. A flashpoint in this controversy has been the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which enshrines the fundamental rights of freedom to speech, religion, and association. The extent to which a corporation can avail itself of these rights goes a long way in defining the corporation's role. Those who fear the corporation wish to see these rights restricted, while those who embrace it wish to see these rights recognized.
The First Amendment and the Business Corporation explores the means by which the debate over the First Amendment rights of business corporations can be resolved. By recognizing that corporations possess constitutionally relevant differences, we discover a principled basis by which to afford some corporations the rights and protections of the First Amendment but not others. This is critically important, because a "one-size-fits-all" approach to corporate constitutional rights seriously threatens either democratic government or individual liberty. Recognizing rights where they should not be recognized unnecessarily augments the already considerable power and influence that corporations have in our society. However, denying rights where they are due undermines the liberty of human beings to create, patronize, work for, and invest in companies that share their most cherished values and beliefs.

Contains the procedural decisions rendered by ICC arbitrators, from 1993-1996, published in a single volume. In addition to providing procedural decisions in their original language, this book includes commentaries on the decisions, key words in both English and French, and explanatory notes of interest in English. Two indexes guide the reader to points of specific interest. The analytical index, provided in both English and French, is based on terminology used in decisions and case notes, while the table of cross-referenced cases provides citations to the Journal du Droit International. A bibliography, and tables containing the judicial and arbitral authorities cited, provide useful reference information. Furthermore, the ICC and UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules, as well as the IBA Rules on Evidence, are included in the collection, providing the reader with the full range of materials regarding the conduct of international arbitration. This collection should prove a useful reference work for anyone seeking to be informed about the conduct of international arbitration.

Among the many constitutional developments of the past century or so, one of the most significant has been the creation and proliferation of institutions that perform functions similar to those performed by courts, but which are considered to be, and in some ways are, different and distinct from courts as traditionally conceived. In much of the common law world, such institutions are called 'administrative tribunals.' Their main function is to adjudicate disputes between citizens and the State by reviewing decisions of government agencies - a function also performed by courts in 'judicial review' proceedings and appeals. Although tribunals in aggregate adjudicate many more such disputes than courts, tribunals and their role as dispensers of 'administrative justice' receive relatively little scholarly attention. This, the first wide-ranging, book-length treatment of the subject for many years, compares tribunals in three major jurisdictions: the US, the UK, and Australia. The book analyzes and offers an account of the concept of 'administrative adjudication, ' and traces its historical development from the earliest periods of the common law to the 21st century. There are chapters dealing with the design of tribunals and tribunal systems, what tribunals do, and how they interact with their users. The book ends with a discussion of the place of tribunals in the 'administrative justice system' and speculation about possible future developments. Administrative Tribunals and Adjudication fills a significant gap in the literature and will be of great value to public lawyers and others interested in government accountability

China after Mao has undergone vast transformations, including massive rural-to-urban migration, rising divorce rates, and the steady expansion of the country's legal system. Today, divorce may appear a private concern, when in fact it is a profoundly political matter-especially in a national context where marriage was and has continued to be a key vehicle for nation-state building. Marriage Unbound focuses on the politics of divorce cases in contemporary China, following a group of women seeking judicial remedies for conjugal grievances and disputes. Drawing on extensive archival and ethnographic data, paired with unprecedented access to rural Chinese courtrooms, Ke Li presents not only a stirring portrayal of how these women navigate divorce litigation, but also a uniquely in-depth account of the modern Chinese legal system. With sensitive and fluid prose, Li reveals the struggles between the powerful and the powerless at the front lines of dispute management; the complex interplay between culture and the state; and insidious statecraft that far too often sacrifices women's rights and interests. Ultimately, this book shows how women's legal mobilization and rights contention can forge new ground for our understanding of law, politics, and inequality in an authoritarian regime.

This essential volume incorporates major contributions made by prominent scholars in the past forty years, which illustrate the understanding of the economics of remedies. The editor has selected seminal articles that analyze the well known distinction between property rules and liability rules and demonstrates its significance. The articles also demonstrate the dilemma of which remedy is the more efficient - damages or specific performance. In addition the collection addresses questions concerning the measure of recovery and the scope of liability, and concludes with the novel topic of partial compensation under uncertainty. This set of indispensable articles, along with an original introduction by the editor, will be of great value to law professors, law students, judges and practicing lawyers interested in law and economics, and economists.

This is a guide to and commentary on the new procedural rules for arbitration adopted by the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) in December 2012. The PCA is a unique arbitral institution - an intergovernmental organization counting over one hundred member states - with a rapidly growing annual caseload of arbitrations involving various combinations of states, state entities, intergovernmental organizations, and private parties. The 2012 PCA Rules are the most recent set of arbitral rules from any institution, and constitute a consolidation of four sets of PCA Rules drafted in the 1990s, and updated in light of PCA experience and the revision of other procedural regimes. They include special provisions adapted to arbitrations involving public entities and a number of novel provisions drafted on the basis of the PCA's experience administering arbitrations. In recent years, the PCA caseload has expanded to the extent that the total amount in dispute in PCA cases is estimated to be greater than that in any other arbitral institution, increasing the need for a comprehensive guide to arbitration under its auspices. This text benefits from the unparalleled insights of its three co-authors, all of whom are PCA lawyers, one of whom is the Deputy Secretary-General of the PCA, and a member of the drafting committee for the 2012 PCA Rules. An introductory chapter, describing the mandate for the revised rules from the PCA member states, as well as the drafting process itself, is followed by a rule-by-rule analysis following the familiar structure of the rules themselves. This analysis is split into four sections: the introductory rules; the composition of the arbitral tribunal; arbitral proceedings; and the award. The comprehensive appendices are intended to reduce the need for recourse to other materials and provide a stand-alone resource.

This book reviews for the first time some of the less frequently addressed actors in international investment law. Traditional studies concerning actors in international investment law have tended to focus on arbitrators, claimant investors and respondent states. This book explores transnational actors, such as UNCITRAL, the EU, international standardizing bodies, domestic and international courts and tribunals, etc., shedding light on their transnational activity and pluralistic role in international investment law.

The Employment Tribunal Rules of Procedure 2013 are a significant landmark in the history of the employment tribunals. They are the first to be largely drafted by the tribunal's senior judiciary under the leadership of Sir Nicholas (now Lord Justice) Underhill in his then capacity as President of the Employment Appeal Tribunal. Blackstone's Guide to the Employment Tribunals Rules 2013 provides a thorough comparative analysis of the new Rules and the 2004 Rules together with a detailed commentary on the changes introduced and their relationship with the Civil Procedure Rules. There are new areas of uncertainty for which the commentary offers suggestions as to interpretation and likely effect, as well as identifying and discussing some consequences of the changes of language and approach. The expert author, having previously sat as a Regional Employment Judge, considers the status of established case law in the light of the new rules and, where appropriate, offers a more in-depth examination of the substantive law. The Fees Order is analysed and its interaction with the Rules is discussed. The Fees Order was subject to judicial review proceedings in both England & Wales and Scotland and the author gives it a critical examination. This new Blackstone's Guide combines the full text of the Rules of Procedure with an expert narrative. It brings readers up-to-date with this complex piece of drafting. Its clear and practical layout make it the ideal reference source for anyone working in the area. It is written in an accessible and approachable way, adopting a Plain English approach to also assist those representing themselves in the Employment Tribunal. The Blackstone's Guide series delivers concise and accessible books covering the latest legislative changes and amendments. First published soon after enactment, they offer expert commentary by leading names on the scope, extent, and the effects of the legislation. They provide a cost-effective solution to key information needs and are the perfect companion for any practitioner needing to get up to speed with the latest changes.