Alternative Dispute Resolution in South Africa: Negotiation, mediation, arbitration and ombudsmen addresses the increasing use of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms in resolving disputes rather than resorting to court-based litigation. The focus of the book is on the resolution of commercial and labour disputes.

Alternative Dispute Resolution in South Africa covers negotiation, mediation, arbitration, ombudsmen and administrative dispute resolution. The skills, techniques and relevant statutory framework for each field of alternative dispute resolution are discussed, and local and international examples of the application of the relevant principles are provided.

This book contains a collection of articles on different aspects of EU law written by one of Europe's most distinguished jurists during the past twenty years, some of which appear here for the first time in English. The book includes a Preface by Judge Koen Lenaerts, Vice-President of the European Court of Justice. The book is divided into five parts, covering EU constitutional law, the EU's judicial architecture, access to justice, European competition law and various other aspects of substantive EU law. In the field of EU constitutional law, the central text discusses the existence of implied material limits to the revision of the Treaties. The author argues that the powers of the Member States to amend the Treaties is limited by the existence of a hard core of principles of EU Treaty law, which cannot be revised without changing the 'constitutional' identity of the Union, leading to the conclusion that Member States can no longer be considered as the 'absolute masters of the Treaties'. Four articles relating to the EU's judicial system constitute the cornerstone of the collection. Drawing on his own experiences, the author examines the problems and challenges facing the setting up of a new EU court and explores different lines of reform of the EU judicial system.

Bankruptcy law is a major part of the American legal landscape. More than a million individuals and thousands of businesses sought relief in the United States' ninety-three bankruptcy courts in 2014, more than twenty-seven thousand of them in the Eastern District of Michigan. Important business of great consequence takes place in the courts, yet they ordinarily draw little public attention. In Adversity and Justice: A History of the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of Michigan, Kevin Ball takes a closer look at the history and evolution of this court. Using a variety of sources from newspaper accounts and interviews to personal documentation from key people throughout the court's history, Ball explores not only the history of the court from its beginning in the late nineteenth century but also two major courthouse scandals and their significant and long-lasting effects on the court. The first, in 1919, resulted in the removal of a court referee for a series of small infractions. The second was far more serious and resulted in the resignation of a judge and criminal convictions of the court's chief clerk, one of his deputies, and one of Detroit's most prominent lawyers. The book culminates with a comprehensive account of the city of Detroit's own bankruptcy case that was filed in 2013. Drawing on the author's expertise as both a longtime bankruptcy attorney and a political scientist, the book examines this landmark case in its legal, social, historical, and political contexts. Anyone with an interest in bankruptcy, legal history, or the city of Detroit's bankruptcy case will be attracted to this thorough case study of this court.

Exploring the growing significance of the administration of justice in both democratic and non-democratic countries, often labeled as 'the judicialization of politics', this timely book considers how increased levels of interest in the analysis of judicial institutions have been triggered. It examines the expansion of the role of judges and courts in the political system and the mixed reactions generated by these developments. In this comprehensive book, Carlo Guarnieri and Patrizia Pederzoli draw on a wealth of experience in teaching and research in the field, moving beyond traditional legal analysis and providing a clear, concise and all-encompassing introduction to the phenomenon of the administration of justice and all of its traits. Facilitating a deeper understanding of the concrete dynamics characterizing the judicial system and its relationships with the political environment, it also offers a balanced assessment of the process of judicialization. Students and scholars interested in comparative law and politics, and law and society, who wish to broaden their understanding of courts and the operation of the judicial system will find this to be a valuable resource. The wide coverage of cases from both common and civil law traditions will also appeal to practitioners.

This book is a companion volume to The Unpublished Opinions of the Warren Court which Oxford published in 1985. Like the Warren volume, this fascinating sequel contains draft opinions prepared by the Justices in the cases under discussion. Each opinion is prefaced by a short history of the case and followed by an analysis of what took place after the drafts were sent to all the Justices.

1. Bringing together chapters co-authored by academics and practitioners, this book will find a market as a supplementary book for students and a book on best-practice for professionals. Each chapter has a set structure to ensure consistency. 2. This book will be particularly useful for universities offering qualifications for trainee probation officers in the UK, as well as Criminology students taking courses on criminal justice, penology, rehabilitation and working with offenders.

Today, international commercial disputes regularly involve multiple parties, contracts, and issues. As a result, the number of disputes that are tried in two or more different forums has increased, giving rise to difficult issues regarding the conclusive and preclusive effects of prior judgments or awards. As a result, the doctrine of res judicata , which requires that a final decision by a court or arbitral tribunal be conclusive and that it should not be re-litigated, is of increasing significance. Dr Silja Schaffstein provides the first practical and comprehensive guidelines for matters of res judicata for international commercial arbitration practitioners. Structured in two parts, part one examines the doctrine of res judicata in domestic and international litigation, while part two determines whether and how the res judicata doctrine may be applied by international commercial arbitral tribunals. Dr Schaffstein identifies situations in which res judicata issues are likely to arise before international commercial arbitral tribunals and provides actionable solutions. The book determines the key features of the doctrine of res judicata in the laws of England, the United States, France, and Switzerland, as representative of the common law system on the one hand and the civil law system on the other hand. The book also presents the doctrine of res judicata in the context of private international law, alongside its crucial aspects and application in public international law by international courts and tribunals. The aim of the work is to demonstrate how transnational principles of res judicata should be elaborated for international commercial arbitral tribunals. The analysis looks at how the doctrine should be applied by international commercial arbitral tribunals in their relations with other arbitral tribunals or state courts, and within the arbitral proceedings pending before them. The work sets out the transnational principles in the form of guidelines for international arbitrators.

The second volume of the Balkan Yearbook of European and International Law (BYEIL) focuses on the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG), which was signed 40 years ago. The contributions analyse a broad range of aspects and reflect the latest developments; those in the permanent sections on European Law and International Law explore contemporary challenges in public and private law disciplines, offering fresh new perspectives on established concepts.

The book explores the definition and nature of guerrilla tactics in international commercial arbitration. It analyses various such tactics deployed (pre-Covid and during Covid times) and portrays them in a way that enables one to visualise how, and possibly why, they might be deployed. Attempts to codify ethical standards and rules regulating the behaviour of legal representatives in international arbitration are examined. The book covers a range of culture clashes, addresses several elephants in the room, and looks at factors inherent in the arbitral process that create opportunities and increase temptations to misbehave. It considers the remedies and sanctions available in international arbitration and compares them to those available to the courts in civil litigation. In addition to recommendations for future research, the book offers solutions to curb the problem in line with party autonomy and with a critical analysis. "This manuscript is an essential solutions-based text that not only addresses a comprehensive range of modern-day guerrilla tactics in international commercial arbitration but also offers thoughtful methods to deal with the shenanigans that parties may bring to the arbitral process." - Chiann Bao, Independent Arbitrator, Arbitration Chambers and Vice President of the International Chamber of Commerce, Court of Arbitration "Dr. Ahuja's book is a thoughtful and highly practical contribution to the study of procedures in international commercial arbitration. It is replete with scholarly analysis, careful treatment of authority, pragmatic insights and policy discussions. Any practitioner or student of international arbitration would benefit from this volume." - Gary Born, Author, International Commercial Arbitration (3d ed. 2021) "A highly readable and informative book which identifies and analyses the numerous guerrilla tactics parties may attempt to deploy in international commercial arbitration, the factors which may encourage such behaviour, and practical mechanisms to keep the proceedings on track. Both erudite and practical, this book is a must-read for parties, counsel and arbitrators alike." - Prof. Benjamin Hughes, Independent Arbitrator, The Arbitration Chambers "Guerrilla tactics are a pertinent problem in arbitration. Dr. Ahuja's well written book not only describes the various tactics in a succinct way but provides extremely useful guidance on how to tackle them. It will be a primary source of reference for every practitioner faced with such tactics." - Prof. Dr. Stefan Kroell, Chairman of the Board of Directors of the German Arbitration Institute (DIS) "Taming the Guerrilla in International Commercial Arbitration offers a refreshingly candid and balanced discussion of 'sharp practices' in international arbitration. The book collects a wealth of information on guerrilla tactics previously only available in separate survey reports, articles, and guidelines on the topic. It additionally includes a chapter addressing tactics deployed in virtual or remote arbitrations due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The comprehensive research and analysis presented in this book make it a valuable resource to counsel, parties, arbitrators, academics, and those who deliver practical arbitration training. A must-read for those who want to better understand the practices that may lead some to disfavor arbitration and ways the arbitration community can respond to guerrilla tactics to improve the arbitration process for all participants." - Dana MacGrath, Independent Arbitrator, MacGrath Arbitration "From an unreasoned fiat of a wise man who left both sides equally unhappy but resolved the disputes effectively, arbitration has evolved into a full-scale trial before a party chosen tribunal. Its informality and expedition puts in peril the fundamental right of the recalcitrant to delay proceedings. Dr. Ahuja has assiduously articulated the measures, aptly christened Guerrilla Tactics, used to disrupt and derail arbitrations. An indispensable read for the practitioner and an insightful treatise for the policy maker." - Harish Salve SA QC, Blackstone Chambers "This book shines a spotlight on arbitration's dark arts - guerrilla tactics. Dr Ahuja illuminates this shadowy world with excellent (and much needed) scholarship that is practice-based and useful for all stakeholders in arbitration. His examination of the root causes of this problem, recommendations on how to control it, comparisons with litigation practice and suggestions for future research marvellously combine to make this a work that is required to be consulted by all serious counsel, arbitrators, institutions and academics in the field of arbitration." - Romesh Weeramantry, Head, International Dispute Resolution, Centre for International Law, National University of Singapore

This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the presumption of innocence from both a practical and theoretical point of view. Throughout the book a framework for the presumption of innocence is developed. The book approaches the right to presumption of innocence from an international human rights perspective using specific examples drawn from international criminal law. The result is a framework for understanding the right that is grounded in human rights law. This framework can then be applied across different national and international systems. When applied, it can help determine when the presumption of innocence is being infringed upon, eroded, violated, and ensure that the presumption of innocence is protected. The book is an essential resource for students, academics and practitioners working in the areas of human rights, criminal law, international criminal law, and evidence. The themes also have a more general application to national jurisdictions and legal theory.

Seldom has American law seen a more towering figure than Chief Justice John Marshall. Indeed, Marshall is almost universally regarded as the "father of the Supreme Court" and "the jurist who started it all."

Yet even while acknowledging the indelible stamp Marshall put on the Supreme Court, it is possible--in fact necessary--to examine the pre-Marshall Court, and its justices, to gain a true understanding of the origins of American constitutionalism. The ten essays in this tightly edited volume were especially commissioned for the book, each by the leading authority on his or her particular subject. They examine such influential justices as John Jay, John Rutledge, William Cushing, James Wilson, John Blair, James Iredell, William Paterson, Samuel Chase, Oliver Ellsworth, and Bushrod Washington. The result is a fascinating window onto the origins of the most powerful court in the world, and on American constitutionalism itself.

This book examines interactions and discusses intersectionality between public international law and private international law. With contributions from scholars from USA, Canada, Australia, India and EU, this book brings out truly international perspectives on the topic. The contributions are arranged in four themes-Public international law and private international law: historical and theoretical considerations of the boundary; Harmonisation of private international law by public international law instruments: evaluation of process, problems, and effectiveness; Case studies of intersectionality between public international law and private international law; Future trends in the relationship between public international law and private international law. The ultimate aim of this book is to analyse whether these two legal disciplines become convergent or they are still divergent as usual. With wide coverage spanning across these four themes, the book has takeaways for a wide readership. For scholars and researchers in the fields of public international law and private international law, this book sparks further thoughts and debates in both disciplines and highlight areas for continuing research. For practitioners, this book offers fresh insights and perspectives on contemporaneous issues of significance. This book is also be a great resource for students at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels taking subjects such as public international law or private international law or some related disciplines such as international sale of goods, international trade law or international investment law to advance their knowledge and understanding of the disciplines.

In law, gains, like losses, don't always lie where they fall. The circumstances in which the law requires defendants to give up their gains are well documented in the work of unjust enrichment lawyers. The same cannot be said, however, of the reasons for ordering restitution of such gains. It is often suggested that unjust enrichment's existence can be demonstrated without inquiry into these reasons, into the principles of justice it represents and invokes. Yet while we can indeed show that there exists a body of claims dealing with the recovery of mistaken payments and the like without going on to inquire into their rationale, this isn't true of unjust enrichment's existence as a distinct ground of such claims. If unjust enrichment exists as a body of like cases and claims, truly independent of contract and tort, it does so by virtue of the distinct reasons it identifies and to which these claims respond. Reason and Restitution examines the reasons which support and shape claims in unjust enrichment and how these reasons bear on the law's resolution of these claims. The identity of these reasons matters. For one thing, unjust enrichment's status as a distinct ground of liability depends on the distinctiveness of these reasons. But, more importantly, it matters to those charged with the practical tasks of deciding cases and making laws, for it is these reasons alone which can direct how judges and legislators ought to respond to these claims.

This open access book introduces adaptive mediation as an alternative approach that enables mediators to go beyond liberal peace mediation, or other determined-design models of mediation, in the context of contemporary conflict resolution and peace-making initiatives. Adaptive mediation is grounded in complexity theory, and is specifically designed to cope with highly dynamic conflict situations characterized by uncertainty and a lack of predictability. It is also a facilitated mediation process whereby the content of agreements emerges from the parties to the conflict themselves, informed by the context within which the conflict is situated. This book presents the core principles and practices of adaptive mediation in conjunction with empirical evidence from four diverse case studies - Colombia, Mozambique, The Philippines, and Syria - with a view to generate recommendations for how mediators can apply adaptive mediation approaches to resolve and transform contemporary and future armed conflicts.

This book examines how local cultures affect the interpretation of international human rights law. This book explores the Islamic legal system in its approach to the concept of guardianship and, more specifically, the approach of the Libyan legal system through a study of existing legislation and Libyan High Court (LHC) interpretation as revealed in its decisions. This book aims to show how the cultural background affects the interpretation of international human rights in domestic legal systems. This book makes a worthy contribution to promoting greater understanding of the cultural dimensions in operation in both the formulation and particularly the application of international law in Libya as elsewhere. This is an area of research which is, as a whole, one worthy of further development and examination. The book includes case analysis of important Libyan High Court rulings which have been gathered by the author and officially translated, analysed, and discussed from the three lenses namely; Libyan Law, Islamic Law, and International Law. In turn, this book is the first of its kind and unique in the field of Islamic and International Law. This book also includes detailed analysis of the correspondence between the Libyan High Court and the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child. Further, this book provides solutions and comprehensive and practical recommendations that satisfy both International standards and local Islamic and Libyan culture. This is an ever evolving and a current area of interest internationally, this unique book enriches the field and continues the conversation and provides practical sustainable solutions.

The Criminalization series arose from an interdisciplinary investigation into criminalization, focussing on the principles that might guide decisions about what kinds of conduct should be criminalized, and the forms that criminalization should take. Developing a normative theory of criminalization, the series tackles the key questions at the heart of the issue: what principles and goals should guide legislators in deciding what to criminalize? How should criminal wrongs be classified and differentiated? How should law enforcement officials apply the law's specifications of offences? This, the fifth book in the series, offers a historical and conceptual account of the development of the modern criminal law in England and as it has spread to common law jurisdictions around the world. The book offers a historical perspective on the development of theories of criminalization. It shows how the emergence of theories of criminalization is inextricably linked to modern understandings of the criminal law as a conceptually distinct body of rules, and how this in turn has been shaped by the changing functions of criminal law as an instrument of government in the modern state. The book is structured in two main parts. The first traces the development of the modern law as a distinct, and conceptually distinct body of rules, looking in particular at ideas of jurisdiction, codification and responsibility. The second part then engages in detailed analysis of specific areas of criminal law, focusing on patterns of criminalization in relation to property, the person, and sexual conduct.

With expert evidence used more and more often in criminal jury cases, evaluation of its admissibility and presentation is being increasingly thrust into the spotlight. However, jury room secrecy has long prevented a rigorous analysis of its complexities. Expert Evidence and Criminal Jury Trials draws on an unprecedented study carried out in Commonwealth jurisdictions which have recently granted access to jurors, offering a unique exploration of the presentation and comprehension of expert evidence in criminal jury trials and a critical perspective on parallel UK processes. The authors combine empirical research conducted in the courtroom with expert academic analysis, examining, analysing, and comparing the views of not only real jurors, but also courtroom lawyers, judges, and experts across over 50 trials to gauge how complex and sometimes conflicting expert evidence is perceived and understood by all parties. Examples of modern technologies used in expert evidence, including DNA analysis and facial and body-mapping, are considered, and discussion of the challenges they pose covers not only issues of procedure and approach, but also perceptual issues and those of cognitive evaluation. This innovative study aims to facilitate a broader understanding of the use of expert evidence, what problems exist with it, and how such problems influence the communication of information to jurors. While the survey that informs the book relates to criminal trials in three Australian jurisdictions, the legal and psychological issues explored transcend national boundaries, allowing this book to fill a gap in the market for a practical discussion of expert evidence and its use that will be relevant to practitioners in any jurisdiction which utilises an adversarial trial system or juries in criminal trials.

According to Thaler, the presence of cameras in the courtroom is a pervasive technology that can affect public perceptions of the judicial process, change the behavior and attitudes of trial participants, and ultimately transform the sober process of justice into a media event designed for maximum public exposure. The author has interviewed more than 50 people--prominent journalists, academics, and members of the legal system--and brought together their observations in a fascinating historical and psychological profile of the televised courtroom. Thaler provides a historical overview and theoretical perspective, and discusses the new cable courtroom network and the current and continuing camera debate in New York City. He makes reference to the recent celebrated cases involving Amy Fisher, William Kennedy Smith, and Rodney King, then turns to an in-depth case study of the Joel Steinberg murder trial, including insights from the presiding judge, trial attorneys, witnesses, jurors, and the defendant himself, as well as journalists who covered the trial. The author concludes that the process of justice is slowly being turned into an entertainment vehicle, not unlike the show trials of bygone eras.

In its six-decade history, the German Federal Constitutional Court has become one of the most powerful and influential constitutional tribunals in the world. It has played a central role in the establishment of liberalism, democracy, and the rule of law in post-war West Germany, and it has been a model for constitutional tribunals in many other nations. The Court stands virtually unchallenged as the most trusted institution of the German state. Written as a complete history of the German Federal Constitutional Court from its founding in 1951 up into the twenty-first century, this book explores how the court became so powerful, and why so few can resist its strength. Founded in 1951, the Court took root in a pre-democratic political culture. The Court's earliest contributions were to help establish liberal values and fundamental rights protection in the young Federal Republic. The early Court also helped democratize West German politics by reinforcing rights of speech and information, affirming the legitimacy of parliamentary opposition, and checking executive power. In time, as democratic values took hold in the country at large, the Court's early role in nurturing liberalism and democracy led many West Germans to view the Court not as a constraint on democracy, but as a bulwark of democracy's preconditions. In later decades, the Court played a stabilizing role - mediating political conflicts and integrating societal forces. Citizens disenchanted with partisan politics looked to the Court as a guardian of enduring values and a source of moral legitimacy. Through a comprehensive narrative of the Court's remarkable rise and careful analysis of its periodic crises, the work carefully dissects the success of the Court, presenting not only a traditional work of legal history, but a public history - both political and societal - as well as a doctrinal and jurisprudential account. Structured around the Court's major decisions from 1951 to 2001, the book examines popular and political reactions to those decisions, drawing heavily on newspaper accounts of major judgments and material from the archives of individual politicians and judges. The result is an impressive case study of the global phenomenon of constitutional justice.

A selection of cases decided by ICC arbitrators during the period 1991-1995. It reproduces case notes including extracts of awards in their original language with a commentary, as well as three indexes - an analytical and chronological one, and a keyword index in English and French - for easy reference. This reference should be of value to all interested in ICC arbitration procedure and ICC awards applying the various laws of a variety of trading nations.

This book represents a comparative study of Third Party Funding (TPF) and its regulation in England, Hong Kong, Singapore, the Netherlands and the Mainland of China. It provides a general review of the background in which TPF grows and the platform where third party funders are allowed to operate. In each and every chosen jurisdiction, the book analyses the legal risks related to TPF, the regulatory measures and the questions surrounding the challenges that lay ahead. This book is featured by the empirical study of the Chinese TPF market. As of the time of this writing, TPF activities operating in China have not been expanded upon in English or Chinese literature. The language barrier may be one reason. The lack of empirical materials may also contribute to this situation. In order to obtain some first-hand evidence of the TPF market in China, the author conducted empirical research in Shenzhen, with the assistance of Chinese third party funders and some local organizations and authorities. The empirical study took the form of questionnaire surveys. The first survey saw in total 175 responses, and the second saw 18 responses. Due to the fact that many funding arrangements for commercial disputes are kept in the dark, it is hard, if not impossible, to measure the size of the Chinese TPF market. This study provides a dataset that serves a humble purpose; namely to offer an insight into the Chinese TPF market, rather than to grasp the full picture of the industry.

View the Table of Contents. Read the Introduction.

"This eloquent and moving memoir raises profound questions about law, justice, tradition, and community; the path to constructive social change; and not least, how to live a decent life. It is an inspiring story, with many valuable lessons to ponder."--Noam Chomsky

"Success Without Victory is thoughtful and provocative, and I highly recommend it. It is highly readable, includes fascinating stories centered on powerful personalities and the sustained reflection on unilateral presidential war-making powers is timely."
--"Law and Politics Book Review"

"A vivid illustration. The book makes a valuable contribution to our evolving understanding of the work of cause lawyering and the significance of test case litigation. It stands as a beacon of hope in an era dominated by pessimism about the capacity of law and lawyers to contribute to progressive social change."
--"American Historical Review"

"An intriguing cultural analysis."
"Bookwatch"

"For the author in this compelling book, success and failure are not determined by the immediate outcome of a given case; a lawsuit can be deemed successful if it arises from and gives expression to a valid principle and if it promotes culture of rights."
--"Publishers Weekly"

"Excellent. His work is prophetic and should inspire a new generation to choose law as an alternative to war."
--"Federal Lawyer"

"Remarkable. Jules Lobel takes his rightful place alongside the line of lawyers opting for the difficult path of bringing contentious issues into the public forum."
--"New York Law Journal"

"Lobel provides a lively account of several important but relativelyunknown cases. The stories are fascinating and will engage litigators who love the details of brief-writing, the tension of last-minute deadlines, the strategies for oral argument, and the drama of judicial decision-making."
--"Trial"

Winners and losers. Success and failure. Victory and defeat. American culture places an extremely high premium on success, and firmly equates it with winning. In politics, sports, business, and the courtroom, we have a passion to win and are terrified of losing.

Instead of viewing success and failure through such a rigid lens, Jules Lobel suggests that we move past the winner-take-all model and learn valuable lessons from legal and political activists who have advocated causes destined to lose in court but have had important, progressive long term effects on American society. He leads us through dramatic battles in American legal history, describing attempts by abolitionist lawyers to free fugitive slaves through the courts, Susan B. Anthony's trial for voting illegally, the post-Civil War challenges to segregation that resulted in the courts' affirmation of the separate but equal doctrine in "Plessy v. Ferguson," and Lobel's own challenges to United States foreign policy during the 1980s and 1990s.

"Success Without Victory" explores the political, social, and psychological contexts behind the cases themselves, as well as the eras from which they originated and the eras they subsequently influenced.

The past decade has witnessed change in the ways judges for the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights are selected. The leitmotif has been securing greater professional quality of the judicial candidates, and, for this purpose, both European systems have put in place various advisory panels or selection committees that are called to evaluate the aptitude of the candidates put forward by the national governments. Are these institutional reforms successful in guaranteeing greater quality of the judicial candidates? Do they increase the legitimacy of the European courts? Has the creation of these advisory panels in any way altered the institutional balance, either horizontally within the international organisations, or vertically, between the respective organisation and its Member States? Above all, has the spree of 'judicial comitology' as currently practised a good way for selecting Europe's judges? These and a number of other questions are addressed in this topical volume in a comparative and interdisciplinary prospective. The book is structured into two elements: first, how the operation of the new selection mechanisms is captured and analyzed from different vantage points, and secondly, having mapped the ground, the book critically and comparatively engages with selected common themes, examining the new mechanisms with respect to values and principles such as democracy, judicial independence, transparency, representativeness, and legitimacy.