This report was prepared for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) by Decision Analysts Hawaii, Inc. (DAHI), a Hawaii-based economic consulting firm, under contract to Industrial Economics, Incorporated (IEc). The report assesses the economic impacts that may result from the designation of 23 critical habitat units for 76 listed endangered and threatened species of plants on the islands of Kaua'i and Ni'ihau in the state of Hawaii.

Part I of the document provides an assessment of lynx status and risk. An overview of lynx ecology is presented first, followed by identification and description of risk factors. Lynx population status, habitat, and relevant risk factors are assessed for four spatial scales: range-wide, 5 geographic areas (Cascade Mountains, Northern Rocky Mountains, Southern Rocky Mountains, Great Lakes, and Northeast), planning units, and home range. The assessment lays the conceptual and scientific foundation for Part II, the conservation strategy. Part II contains recommended conservation measures that address each of the risk factors. The conservation measures are sorted into programmatic and project level objectives and standards. Additional sections provide guidance for analysis of effect and project conferencing and consultation, inventory and monitoring, and management priorities.

For Native Americans, permits to take eagles from the wild are limited to tribes that can show a traditional religious need that the USFWS's National Eagle Repository cannot meet. The primary example of this is the Hopi, who have collected nestling GEs from specific nest sites for their religious ceremonies for centuries. Historically authorized take of GEs, including the Hopi's, was examined in the USFWS's 2009 Final Environmental Assessment (FEA) of a proposal to permit take as provided under the Eagle Protection Act (hereafter referred to as 2009 FEA; USFWS 2009b). The USFWS considered this take part of a the biological baseline in the 20009 FEA, above which regional take "thresholds" for GEs are established to ensure USFWS does not authorize take that is not compatible with the preservation of eagles, as the Eagle Act requires. Annually since 1986, the USFWS's Southwest Region (Southwest Region) has issued a permit to the Hopi for take of nestling GEs. The allowed level of take has ranged from a low of 12 to an unlimited number. Since 1997 the permit has authorized the Hopi to take 40 nestling GEs, although annual reports from the Hopi indicate annual take during 1997-2012 averaged 23 nestlings. In 2012, the Southwest Region evaluated the population biology and "harvest management" of GEs on lands of the Hopi and Navajo. By 2012, enough data had been collected by the tribes and the USFWS to support a more specific analysis of the Hopi's take of nestling GEs on sustainability of the GE population at multiple spatial (geographic) scales than had been done previously. A team that included eagle experts from the USFWS and both tribes completed the work as a comprehensive technical assessment (TA; Appendix A). Information from the TA and related supplements in appendices of this document supported this EA. Relying on the TA, the Southwest Region developed three alternatives for issuing a permit to the Hopi in 2013. Alternatives B and C each considered multiple scales. Scales include: (1) Bird Conservation Region 16 (BCR 16), the Southern Rockies - Colorado Plateau Region; (2) the Hopi and Navajo lands "local area population" (LAP), which includes GEs on and within 140 miles of this area; 3) the area where the Hopi have collected nestling GEs in recent years (collection area, or CA) and a subset of this, the portion of the CA that is on Navajo lands (Navajo CA).

Ever since Eva Saulitis began her whale research in Alaska in the 1980s, she has been drawn to the majesty, intelligence, and range of emotion of a single pod of embattled orcas struggling to survive in Prince William Sound. Both an elegy for a small group of orcas and a celebration of the entire species, this book is a moving portrait of the interconnectedness of humans and marine mammals - and of the responsibility we have to protect them.

The inspiring story of David Wingate, a living legend among birders, who brought the Bermuda petrel back from presumed extinction
"Rare Birds "is a tale of obsession, of hope, of fighting for redemption against incredible odds. It is the story of how Bermuda's David Wingate changed the world--or at least a little slice of it--despite the many voices telling him he was crazy to try.
This tiny island in the middle of the North Atlantic was once the breeding ground for millions of Bermuda petrels. Also known as cahows, the graceful and acrobatic birds fly almost nonstop most of their lives, drinking seawater and sleeping on the wing. But shortly after humans arrived here, more than three centuries ago, the cahows had vanished, eaten into extinction by the country's first settlers.
Then, in the early 1900s, tantalizing hints of the cahows' continued existence began to emerge. In 1951, an American ornithologist and a Bermudian naturalist mounted a last-ditch effort to find the birds that had come to seem little more than a legend, bringing a teenage Wingate--already a noted birder--along for the ride. When the stunned scientists pulled a blinking, docile cahow from deep within a rocky cliffside, it made headlines around the world--and told Wingate what he was put on this earth to do.
Starting with just seven nesting pairs of the birds, Wingate would devote his life to giving the cahows the chance they needed in their centuries-long struggle for survival -- battling hurricanes, invasive species, DDT, the American military, and personal tragedy along the way.
It took six decades of obsessive dedication, but the cahow, still among the rarest of seabirds, has reached the hundred-pair mark and continues its nail-biting climb to repopulation. And Wingate has seen his dream fulfilled as the birds returned to Nonsuch, an island habitat he hand-restored for them plant-by-plant in anticipation of this day. His passion for resuscitating this "Lazarus species" has made him an icon among birders, and his story is an inspiring celebration of the resilience of nature, the power of persistence, and the value of going your own way.

"From the Hardcover edition."

Herein we assess the progress of efforts to reestablish Mexican wolves (Canis lupus baileyi) in the Blue Range Wolf Recovery Area (BRWRA). This review is a direct result of an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) concluded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) in 1996 (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1996). The EIS and associated final rule (Parsons 1998) call for the USFWS to reestablish Mexican wolves to the BRWRA.

Summary of Conservation Recommendations for Burrowing Owls

Mary Margaret Manatee is a picture book for young readers and families. The story of a young Florida manatee and the study guide with projects to help Mary Margaret and friends both provide a fun and memorable way to learn about Florida's environment, teamwork and the value of persistence.

An inside look at a renowned marine biologist's quest to save an abandoned, endangered seal pup Only eleven hundred Hawaiian monk seals survive in the wild. Without intervention, they face certain extinction within fifty years. When a two-day-old Hawaiian monk seal pup, later named Kauai Pup 2, or KP2, is attacked and abandoned by his mother on a beach, he is rushed off on a journey that will take him across the ocean to the California marine lab of eminent wildlife biologist Dr. Terrie M. Williams. As Williams works with the boisterous KP2 to save his species, she forms a lasting bond with him that illustrates the importance of the survival of all earth's creatures and the health of the world's oceans.

From bestselling and award winning author, Sibel Hodge, comes a inspirational coming of age novel... Most sixteen-year-old girls are obsessed with their looks, but Jazz Hooper's obsessed for a different reason. After a car accident that kills her mum, Jazz is left with severe facial scars and retreats into a dark depression. Fearing what will happen if Jazz doesn't recover, her dad makes a drastic decision to move them from England to a game reserve in Kenya for a new start. And when Jazz finds an orphaned leopard cub, it sets off a chain of events that lead her on a two year journey of discovery, healing, and love. "A percentage of the royalties from the sale of this book will be contributed to Panthera, a leading international conservation organization dedicated to protecting and preserving the world's big cats, plus other wildlife conservation groups." -- Sibel Hodge, Author What readers are saying about The See-Through Leopard: "The author has captured the survival of the human spirit and brought it lovingly to the pages of The See-Through Leopard. Highly recommended." "Best book I've read this year." "In this beautifully poignant novel, Sibel gently leads us through Jazz's recovery and return to normality. Some powerful lessons are learnt along the way." "The See-Through Leopard by the talented Sibel Hodge is a book that will touch both your heart and your spirit." "I consider the book to be not just for coming of age readers, but for anyone who loves a story about victory in spiritual and mental healing, young love and saving a darling leopard cub." "Sibel Hodge crafts a wonderful story that goes beyond entertainment into the world of impassioned people who care about all species on this earth." "Conflict, controversy, drama, heroism, life altering events all come together to bring a suspenseful story to a full circle of life." "This is a heartwarming tale for readers of all ages." "I found this to be a gripping, moving and thought-provoking read." "The See Through Leopard is a lovely story about fighting for survival, healing, and recognizing that our scars don't define us."

The Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) proposes to establish sixteen (16) additional manatee protection areas in Florida. The Service is proposing this action under the Endangered Species Act as a means to reduce the level of take of Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris).

Jointly, the USFWS Partners for Fish and Wildlife Program, the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission cooperators and volunteers created this booklet to provide information on how you can help protect a part of the Carolina's natural heritage.

We live in an era marked by an accelerating rate of species death, but since the early days of the discipline, anthropology has contemplated the death of languages, cultural groups, and ways of life. The essays in this collection examine processes of-and our understanding of-extinction across various domains. The contributors argue that extinction events can be catalysts for new cultural, social, environmental, and technological developments-that extinction processes can, paradoxically, be productive as well as destructive. The essays consider a number of widely publicized cases: island species in the Galapagos and Madagascar; the death of Native American languages; ethnic minorities under pressure to assimilate in China; cloning as a form of species regeneration; and the tiny hominid Homo floresiensis fossils ("hobbits") recently identified in Indonesia. The Anthropology of Extinction offers compelling explorations of issues of widespread concern. -- Indiana University Press

A great book for anyone who is interested in beekeeping. This easy to understand book with hundreds of illustrations walks you through everything you need to know about beekeeping. Simply one of the best books ever written on the subjects. A facsimile edition.

Current tactics can't solve today's complex global crises. The "bad boys of environmentalism" call for a bold and empowering new vision Environmental insiders Michael Shellenberger and Ted Nordhaus triggered a firestorm of controversy with their self-published essay "The Death of Environmentalism," which argued that environmentalism cannot deal with global warming and should die so that a new politics can be born. Global warming is far more complex than past pollution problems, and American values have changed dramatically since the movement's greatest victories in the 1960s, but environmentalists keep fighting the same old battles. Seeing a connection between the failures of environmentalism and the failures of the entire left-leaning political agenda, the authors point the way toward an aspirational politics that will resonate with modern American values and be capable of tackling our most pressing challenges. In this eagerly awaited follow-up to the original essay, the authors give us an expansive and eloquent manifesto for political change. What Americans really want, and what could serve as the basis for a new politics, is a vision capable of inspiring us to greatness. Making the case for abandoning old categories (nature/market, left/right), the authors articulate a pragmatism fit for our times that has already found champions in such prominent figures as Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama. This book will hit the same nerve as What's the Matter with Kansas and Don't Think of an Elephant. But its analysis will reshape American politics for decades to come.

From world-renowned scientist Jane Goodall, as seen in the new National Geographic documentary Jane, comes an inspiring message about the future of the animal kingdom. With the insatiable curiosity and conversational prose that have made her a bestselling author, Goodall - along with Cincinnati Zoo Director Thane Maynard - shares fascinating survival stories about the American Crocodile, the California Condor, the Black-Footed Ferret, and more; all formerly endangered species and species once on the verge of extinction whose populations are now being regenerated.Interweaving her own first-hand experiences in the field with the compelling research of premier scientists, Goodall illuminates the heroic efforts of dedicated environmentalists and the truly critical need to protect the habitats of these beloved species. At once a celebration of the animal kingdom and a passionate call to arms, Hope For Animals Their World presents an uplifting, hopeful message for the future of animal-human coexistence.Praise for Hope For Animals Their World"Goodall's intimate writing style and sense of wonder pull the reader into each account...The mix of personal and scientific makes for a compelling read."-Booklist"These accounts of conservation success are inspirational."-Publishers Weekly

Endangered species can be defined as a group of animals or plants in danger of becoming extinct. This book presents an overview of such species as a result of certain factors such as climate change, extensive urbanisation, overgrazing, and agricultural expansion. The first chapter of this book describes China's attempt to protect its rare, threatened, and endangered species in their natural habitats. It identifies the root causes of species loss as well as China's participation in international environmental conventions and its participation in non-governmental organisations (NGO's). Chapter Two reviews the ways in which the abundance of endangered marine benthic species are estimated using distance sampling through SCUBA diving. Distance sampling is a widely used set of methods for estimating abundance and/or density of biological populations. It is a standard method for abundance estimations for many endangered species. Chapter Three reviews the causes of medicinal species endangerment in the Middle East as well as conservations measures that are being used to protect and preserve them from extinction. Chapter 4 describes a species known as Pine marten (or Martes martes), which is an animal in the weasel family. This chapter reviews the reasons why this species is in danger of extinction (such as the presence of incidental killings, forest reduction, and habitat fragmentation in recent years) as well as the measures that have to be taken to prevent a further decline in population. The northern pike, one of the most important freshwater fish, might become an endangered species due to its rapid decline in population from overfishing, habitat reduction, and climate changes. Chapter Five addresses these problems as well as explores the actual conservation and management state of this species in Europe, comparing genetic and molecular ecology data obtained for European and North American populations. Chapter Six is a description of a case study of the river otter, Lontra longicaudis annectens, present in Central Mexico, and the ways in which ecological niche modelling and place prioritisation procedures were used to identify areas for conservation and restoration for this species. Chapter Seven describes the impact that deforestation has on biodiversity conservation in Mexico by measuring its effects on mammal species' distributions, delineation of biogeographical regionalisation, the effectiveness of conservation area networks and area prioritisation for biodiversity conservation. Finally, the last chapter of this book presents an overview of the global usage of felines in traditional folk medicine and as a result, their danger of becoming extinct.

Here is a fun armchair journey through the rapidly shrinking world of amphibians. Frogs and other amphibians are rapidly going extinct. It is believed that 500 of the 6,000 known species will become extinct within the next 10 years. This book is loaded with original Ripley's Believe It or Not! cartoons, and fun to-the-point facts and trivia about amphibians that will both educate and amuse the reader. Created in 2008 to celebrate the Year of the Frog, all proceeds from this book will be going to various world-wide frog foundations for study and research.

The first listed species to make headlines after the Endangered Species Act was passed in 1973 was the snail darter, a three-inch fish that stood in the way of a massive dam on the Little Tennessee River. When the Supreme Court sided with the darter, Congress changed the rules. The dam was built, the river stopped flowing, and the snail darter went extinct on the Little Tennessee, though it survived in other waterways. A young Al Gore voted for the dam; freshman congressman Newt Gingrich voted for the fish.

A lot has changed since the 1970s, and Joe Roman helps us understand why we should all be happy that this sweeping law is alive and well today. More than a general history of endangered species protection, "Listed "is a tale of threatened species in the wild from the whooping crane and North Atlantic right whale to the purple bankclimber, a freshwater mussel tangled up in a water war with Atlanta and the people working to save them.

Employing methods from the new field of ecological economics, Roman challenges the widely held belief that protecting biodiversity is too costly. And with engaging directness, he explains how preserving biodiversity can help economies and communities thrive. Above all, he shows why the extinction of species matters to us personally to our health and safety, our prosperity, and our joy in nature.

With the discovery of a tiny fish in a soon-to-be-flooded stretch of the Little Tennessee River, construction on a dam that had already cost taxpayers $100 million came crashing to a halt. Thanks to the Endangered Species Act of 1973, the snail darter was instantly transformed into both an icon for species preservation and a despised symbol of the environmental movement's alleged excesses. The intense legal battle that ensued over its fate was contested all the way to the Supreme Court.

The 1978 decision in "TVA v. Hill," the Court's first decision interpreting the Endangered Species Act, remains one of the most instructive cases in American environmental law. Affirming an injunction that prohibited the Tennessee Valley Authority from completing the Tellico Dam because it would eliminate the snail darter's only known habitat, the Supreme Court resolved an intragovernmental dispute between the TVA and the Interior Department as well as the claims of the local opponents of the dam.

Kenneth Murchison reveals that the snail darter case was just one part of a long struggle over whether the TVA should build the Tellico Dam. He traces disputes over the TVA's mission back to the 1930s and intertwines this with the emergence of federal environmental law in the 1960s and 1970s, culminating in the National Environmental Policy Act and Endangered Species Act, both of which provided a statutory basis for litigating against the dam builders. He continues with an exhaustive analysis of the arguments, deliberations, and decision of the Supreme Court, based largely on original sources, before concluding with a summary of the subsequent congressional actions and administrative proceedings that ultimately allowed the dam's completion. By plumbing the Court's deliberations, the politics behind the law, and the way that law spurred political responses, Murchison clarifies how the story of darter and dam came to exemplify the tensions and conflict between legislative and judicial action.

Even though its players were left with only partial victories, "TVA v. Hill" helped to define the modern role of the TVA and remains an important chapter in the development of federal environmental law. Murchison helps us better understand this landmark decision, which drew the battle lines for current debates over the environment and the policies that protect or regulate its use.

A vast and previously undisclosed underground economy exists in the United States. The products bought and sold: animals. In "Animal Underworld," veteran investigative journalist Alan Green exposes the sleazy, sometimes illegal web of those who trade in rare and exotic creatures. Green and The Center for Public Integrity reveal which American zoos and amusement parks dump their "surplus" animals on the middlemen adept at secretly redirecting them into the private pet trade. We're taken to exotic-animal auctions, where the anonymous high bidders are often notorious dealers, hunting-ranch proprietors, and profit-minded charlatans masquerading as conservationists. We visit some of the nation's most prestigious universities and research laboratories, whose diseased monkeys are "laundered" through this same network of breeders and dealers until they finally reach the homes of unsuspecting pet owners. And we meet the men and women who make their living by skirting through loopholes in the law, or by ignoring the law altogether. For anyone who cares about animals; for pet owners, zoo-goers, wildlife conservationists, and animal welfare advocates, "Animal Underworld" is gripping, shocking reading.

For thousands of years, the majestic elephant has roamed the African continent, as beloved by man as it has been preyed upon. But centuries of exploitation and ivory hunting have taken their toll: now, as wars and poachers continue to ravage its habitat, as disease and political strife deflect attention from its plight, the African elephant faces imminent extinction.
What will become of these magnificent beasts? As the elephant's future looms ever darker, Martin Meredith's concise and richly illustrated biography traces the elephant's history from the first ivory expeditions of the Egyptian pharaohs 2500 years ago to today, exploring along the way the indelible imprint the African elephant has made in art, literature, culture, and society. He shares recent extraordinary discoveries about the elephant's sophisticated family and community structure and reveals the remarkable ways in which elephants show compassion and loyalty to each other.
Elegant, illuminating, and urgent, "Elephant Destiny" offers a beautiful and important tribute to one of earth's most magisterial creatures at the very moment it threatens to vanish from being.

"Through a globe-circling tour of the planet, a conservation ecologist checks environmental statistics and reveals the importance of understanding where these numbers come from in order to evaluate current awareness of the planet's potential environmental peril."-Forecast Praise for the hardcover edition (published as The World According to Pimm) "Among ecologists who can apply their understanding of basic science to the modern human predicament, Stuart Pimm is one of the very best in the world today. He writes clearly, interestingly, and understandably. This book will interest literally everyone "-Jared Diamond, author of Guns, Germs, and Steel "A dazzling tour d'horizon of the twenty-first century environment. The author informs us of the approaching fate of the natural world (including our own species) with uncommon scientific authority, style, and wit."-Edward O. Wilson, Pellegrino University Professor, Emeritus, Harvard University "A born storyteller, Pimm takes us on a world tour to reveal how people are adversely affecting their environment-a tour de force in more than one sense."-Thomas E. Lovejoy, chief biodiversity advisor to the president of the World Bank Humans use 50 percent of the world's freshwater supply and consume 42 percent of its plant growth. We are liquidating animals and plants one hundred times faster than the natural rate of extinction. Such numbers should make it clear that our impact on the planet has been, and continues to be, extreme and detrimental. Yet even after decades of awareness of our environmental peril, there remains passionate disagreement over what the problems are and how they should be remedied. Much of the impasse stems from the fact that the problems are difficult to quantify. How do we assess the impact of habitat loss on various species, when we haven't even counted them all? And just what factors go into that 42 percent of biomass we are hungrily consuming? In this book, Stuart Pimm appoints himself "investment banker of the global, biological accounts," checking the environmental statistics gathered by tireless scientists in work that is always painstaking and often heartbreaking. With wit, passion, and candor, he reveals the importance of understanding where these numbers come from and what they mean. To do so, he takes the reader on a globe-circling tour of our beautiful, but weary, planet from the volcanic mountains and rainforests of Hawai'i to the boreal forests of Siberia. Stuart L. Pimm is Doris Duke Chair of Conservation Ecology at the Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences at Duke University. He is the author of more than 150 scientific papers, as well as three books, and numerous articles in publications such as New Scientist, The Sciences, Nature, and Science.

Quaggas were beautiful pony-sized zebras in southern Africa that had fewer stripes on their bodies and legs, and a browner body coloration than other zebras. Indigenous people hunted quaggas, portrayed them in rock art, and told stories about them. Settlers used quaggas to pull wagons and to protect livestock against predators. Taken to Europe, they were admired, exhibited, harnessed to carriages, illustrated by famous artists and written about by scientists. Excessive hunting led to quaggas' extinction in the 1880s but DNA from museum specimens showed rebreeding was feasible and now zebras resembling quaggas live in their former habitats. This rebreeding is compared with other de-extinction and rewilding ventures and its appropriateness discussed against the backdrop of conservation challenges-including those facing other zebras. In an Anthropocene of species extinction, climate change and habitat loss which organisms and habitats should be saved, and should attempts be made to restore extinct species?