Published in 1998, this book seeks to analyse in a comparative framework laws relating to product safety. These include standard setting, general safety obligations, (enforcement agencies), recall of products, export control, product accident monitoring and information exchange systems. The countries studied will include UK, USA, Canada, France, Germany, Sweden, Australia, New Zealand, as well as EC law in the light of the recent EC product safety directives.

Published in 1999, this volume contributes to the debate on convergence and differences in the role of law and legal institutions throughout the world. Globalization and technology may allow convergence of lawyers training, practices and values. However, local conditions may create resistances and barriers which must be acknowledged and studied. The book focuses on social values in legal education and practice in four regions: East Asia, South Asia, South-East Asia and Latin America.

This book explores the possible consequences of the events of 11 September 2001, and of the 'fight against terrorism', the way peace operations are perceived and conducted, and the way that states, international organizations such as NATO or the EU and non-state actors, consider these operations.
The 11 September attacks illustrate the widening of the security agenda, the persistence of instability and the need to deal with it in both a preventive and a curative way. The events have had a major impact on US foreign and defence policies, on security policies, on the hierarchy of priorities, and US views of peace operations around the world.
This book shows that these different elements mean that the 'international' environment of peace operations is likely to be modified, while the 'local' environment has remained largely unchanged.

A treasury of law relating to many different types of property in the South Pacific region: an area of cultural diversity, economic development and strong tradition. While land remains of key significance, other forms of property, ranging from custom property to intellectual property, are also important. Encompassing the legal systems of over a dozen independent countries - together with cross-references to property law derived from the common law and customary law of Australia, New Zealand and North America, as well as the common law of England - the authors bring together a wealth of diverse and scattered sources. They present a picture of the law of property as it exists today and offer some thoughts on the challenges and legal difficulties facing the region as its people and economies evolve.

This book analyzes regulatory models established in the field of online music distribution, and examines their consistency with the overarching objectives of copyright law. In order to do so, the book takes a deep dive into the provisions of international treaties, EU Directives as well as the German and US copyright systems and case law. It subsequently scrutinizes the identified regulatory models from the standpoint of the copyright's objectives with regard to incentives, rewards, a level playing field, and dissemination. Lastly, it endorses the improved market-based statutory license as a preferable instrument in the online music field. The book is intended for all readers with an interest in music copyright law. Part I will especially benefit copyright scholars and practitioners seeking in-depth insights into the current legal situation regarding streaming and downloading. In turn, Part II will above all appeal to scholars interested in "law and economics" and in the theoretical foundations of online music copyright. Policy recommendations can be found in Part III.

Through a combination of theoretical and empirical approaches, this book explores the role of international environmental law in protecting and conserving plants. Underpinning every ecosystem on the planet, plants provide the most basic requirements: food, shelter and clear air. Yet the world's plants are in trouble; a fifth of all plant species are at risk of extinction, with thousands more in perpetual decline. In a unique study of international environmental law, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges and restrictions associated with protecting and conserving plants. Through analysing the relationship between conservation law and conservation practice, the book debates whether the two work symbiotically, or if the law poses more of a hindrance than a help. Further discussion of the law's response to some of the major threats facing plants, notably climate change, international trade and invasive species, grounds the book in conservation literature. Using case studies on key plant biomes to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the law in practice, the book also includes previously unpublished results of an original empirical study into the correlations between the IUCN Red List and lists of endangered/protected species in international instruments. To conclude, the book looks to the future, considering broader reforms to the law to support the work of conservation practitioners and reshape humanity's relationships with nature. The book will be of interest to scholars and students working in the field of international environmental law and those interested more broadly in conservation and ecological governance frameworks.

This book focuses on the most serious social and economic challenges faced by China from a public international law perspective. The vast and diversified nature of public international law inspires the author to organize the book on a topic oriented basis, i.e. selecting five most crucial and interrelated issues in contemporary China to investigate and address. It reviews and evaluates China's response to these challenges and its continuing efforts in searching for solutions to these problems. These issues are inter-related and mutually affective, and moreover, impact collectively on the nation's standings in the international community. The country's national stability and economic sustainability may be retained only when these issues are dealt with efficiently and appropriately. This is a timely and comprehensive book addressing the most crucial problems confronted by contemporary China in the field of public international law, mainly concerning border issues, natural resources, environment and corruption. The work not only addresses these issues separately, but also delineates their interrelationships. In doing so, the complexity of these issues is revealed to a full extent.

This cutting-edge piece of scholarship studies the invisibility of the black migrants in popular consciousness and intellectual discourse in the United States through the interrogation of actual members of this community.

International law and the nature of the global order is regularly examined and debated among specialists. This volume brings together in one place twenty-four articles addressing these subjects, written by some of America's leading academics, lawyers, and policymakers, and originally published in The National Interest, a leading realist journal of international affairs.

Prominent jurists, lawyers, and practitioners debate the role that international law should play in the formulation of policy in the first section, and whether "international law" really exists. Authors explore such questions as the enforceable norms of global behavior, and if American foreign policy should conform to such regulations. A second section looks at the viability and utility of international institutions in advancing U.S. interests. Included are debates over the role and purpose of the United Nations and the International Criminal Court. A third Section deals with the intersection of law enforcement and foreign policy. It explores such questions as whether primary responsibility for combating global terrorism and the international drug trade should be vested with law enforcement agencies or whether it should fall under the purview of foreign policy.

The final portion of the book is devoted to the question of human rights, particularly the tripartite debate between Robin Fox, Francis Fukuyama, and William F. Schulz over the nature and origins of human rights. Among the questions considered are whether human rights are an outgrowth of natural law, or are natural imperatives at odds with protecting individual dignities and freedoms. Is there a universal standard of rights, or are human rights norms derived from majority consensus?

The list of distinguished contributors to this volume include John Bolton, Robert Bork, Lee Casey, Douglas Feith, Owen Harries, Senator Jesse Helms, Alan Keyes, Irving Kristol, Joseph Nye, Jeremy Rabkin, David Rivkin, Alfred P. Rubin, and Abrahama Sofaer. This volume will be of interest to legal scholars, political scientists, and students of diplomacy and international relations.

A reference guide to all the elements of the Inter-American System from its formal beginning in 1889 to the present, as it developed into a major, multipurpose regional inter-governmental organization (IGO). The most notable elements in the current Inter-American System are the Organization of American States (OAS), the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), and the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (Rio Treaty) Regime. Today, all 35 sovereign American states are members of the OAS. This book makes clear reference to the system's interrelationships with other IGOs and states outside the Western Hemisphere. Unique in its scope and approach to the subject, this work is intended to provide the reader with access to information on general as well as specific subjects. It is compiled with an interdisciplinary approach, and addressed to a variety of readers from students and scholars to professionals and government officials. With some 250 entries, cross-referenced and thoroughly indexed, this encyclopedia refers to membership and observers in the various organizational elements; policy orientations of the state members; treaties, conventions, protocols, declarations, and resolutions concluded over the years; concepts and doctrines underlying American regional organization; multinational principles and policies in major categories of activity; and cases of conflict and other situations undertaken by the system, including places, events, issues, and individuals notable for their contributions.

In this text, discussion of theoretical debates and development surrounding humanitarian and human rights law is anchored in studies of four trials, two at the International Criminal Tribunal for former Yugoslavia, the London trial of Andrei Sawoniuk in 1999 for crimes during the Holocaust, and the David Irving libel case. The author makes a case for seeing these trials as part of an emergent cosmopolitan criminal law, and takes on critics of this school of thought who see it as either idealistic or culturally imperialistic.

The rise of China signals a new chapter in international relations. How China interacts with the international legal order-namely, how China utilizes international law to facilitate and justify its rise and how international law is relied upon to engage a rising China-has invited growing debate among academics and those in policy circles. Two recent events, the South China Sea Arbitration and the US-China trade war, have deepened tensions. This book, for the first time, provides a systematic and critical elaboration of the interplay between a rising China and international law. Several crucial questions are broached. These include: How has China adjusted its international legal policies as China's state identity changes over time, especially as it becomes a formidable power? Which methodologies has China adopted to comply with international law and, in particular, to achieve its new legal strategy of norm entrepreneurship? How does China organize its domestic institutions to engage international law in order to further its ascendance? How does China use international law at a national level (in the Chinese courts) and at an international level (for example, lawfare in international dispute settlement)? And finally, how should "Chinese exceptionalism" be understood? This book contributes significantly to the burgeoning and highly relevant scholarship on China and international law.

The study of contemporary forms of racism has expanded greatly over the past four decades. Although it has been a focus for scholarship and research for the past three centuries, it is perhaps over this more recent period that we have seen important transformations in the analytical frames and methods to explore the changing patterns of contemporary racisms. The Routledge International Handbook of Contemporary Racisms brings together thirty-four original chapters from international experts that address key features of contemporary racisms. The Handbook has a truly global orientation and covers contemporary racisms in both the western and non-western geopolitical environments. In terms of structure, the volume is organized into ten interlinked parts that include Theories and Histories, Contemporary Racisms in Global Perspective, Racism and the State, Racist Movements and Ideologies, Anti-Racisms, Racism and Nationalism, Intersections of Race and Gender, Racism, Culture and Religion, Methods of Studying Contemporary Racisms, and the End of Racism. These parts contain chapters that draw on original theoretical and empirical research to address the evolution and changing forms of contemporary racism. The Handbook is framed by a General Introduction and by short introductions to each part that provide an overview of key themes and concerns. Written in a clear and direct style, and from a conceptual, multidisciplinary and international perspective, the Handbook will provide students, scholars and practitioners with an overview of the most pressing issues of Racisms in our time.

This book provides a critical examination of the most important institutions of global governance in the world today. Drawing on history, political science, law and economics, the authors examine institutions such as the United Nations, the World Trade Organization (WTO), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank and also the global private sector. In a series of comprehensive analyses the inability of these institutions and entities to promote and protect human rights and international peace is revealed.
While examining the failures of the past, the authors enthusiastically propose far reaching reforms, suggesting how these global institutions and their member states can reform themselves to prevent the exploitation of the most vulnerable in the global economy and bridge the gap between the high vision that saw the birth of these institutions and their present day failures. Global Governance, Economy and Law calls for nothing less than a global Marshall Plan, a new global political vision and a new system of international taxation to finance the integration of justice into the world economy.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203361733

The UK's legal responses to terrorism are widely regarded as a model of effective anti-terrorism measures. UK anti-terrorism legislation consists of a substantial and wide-ranging body of legislative acts, international treaties and conventions, and case law. This book brings all the relevant materials together in one volume to produce a reference tool for the legal, law enforcement, policy-making and academic communities.

The Law of Nations and the United States Constitution offers a new lens through which anyone interested in constitutional governance in the United States should analyze the role and status of customary international law in U.S. courts. The book explains that the law of nations has not interacted with the Constitution in any single overarching way. Rather, the Constitution was designed to interact in distinct ways with each of the three traditional branches of the law of nations that existed when it was adopted-namely, the law merchant, the law of state-state relations, and the law maritime. By disaggregating how different parts of the Constitution interacted with different kinds of international law, the book provides an account of historical understandings and judicial precedent that will help judges and scholars more readily identify and resolve the constitutional questions presented by judicial use of customary international law today. Part I describes the three traditional branches of the law of nations and examines their relationship with the Constitution. Part II describes the emergence of modern customary international law in the twentieth century, considers how it differs from the traditional branches of the law of nations, and explains why its role or status in U.S. courts requires an independent, context-specific analysis of its interaction with the Constitution. Part III assesses how both modern and traditional customary international law should be understood to interact with the Constitution today.

Land Law and Policy in Papua New Guinea analyzes the policy considerations which underscore the mechanisms for regulation of land use through a comprehensive study of Papua New Guinea society.

Telegraph Messenger Boys provides an entirely new perspective on the telegraph system, a communications network that revolutionized human perceptions of time and space. But the book's ramifications go far beyond just the telegraphy - it tells a broader story of human interaction with technology, and social and cultural changes brought about by this interaction. Downey argues that the telegraph network was not merely an electromechanical system; labour systems, like those of the telegraphers and the messengers, played integral roles within it. Telegraph companies presented messengers as the penultimate link within their networks: the boys were uniformed and drilled to work and behave in a machine-like manner. Through the boys' story, Downey also demonstrates that technological 'progress' is uneven: supposedly 'superior' technologies like the telephone did not kill off older ones; they often existed side by side for sustained periods of time, even complimenting each other.

Emphasis is placed on the extent of the U.N.'s jurisdiction and its role in preventing aggression. Includes criticisms of the U.N. charter.

This is a fascinating story about private lawyers successfully negotiating with Russian professionals about critical nuclear arms problems during the Cold War from 1983 to 1991. The lawyers demonstrated that committed citizen diplomats could have an influence on official policies when governments were unable or unwilling to negotiate. These delegates produced and distributed scholarly, technically accurate joint papers recommending approaches and solutions to nuclear arms problems which the governments had not resolved because of relations poisoned by fear and distrust. The book describes the extensive efforts of these Track II citizen-diplomats to offset anti-American propaganda permeating Soviet society. It is a 'how to' manual for non-governmental organizations concerned with funding, organizing and managing international conferences on complicated, urgent problems.

With reference to China, this book examines the course of international patent rights harmonisation; its characteristics as well as impediments. It focuses on China's patent legislation, its achievements and weaknesses, as well as the intrinsic limitations.

The adoption of administrative procedures in global governance has the potential to foster proper consideration of marginalized actors' interests, yet risks entrenching the dominance of the well-resourced and powerful. Accordingly, this book proposes a new framework for evaluating the extent to which administrative procedures in the compliance systems of multilateral environmental agreements constrain power and promote regard for the interests of affected states, which are frequently developing and transition countries. This framework is applied to the compliance systems under the Montreal Protocol, the Kyoto Protocol and CITES, which address critical global environmental issues of ozone-layer depletion, climate change and trade in endangered species, respectively. The analysis shows that, under certain conditions, administrative procedures limit the influence of states' asymmetric power on compliance deliberations. Furthermore, systematic adoption of these procedures increases the opportunities for affected states' interests to be voiced and considered in compliance decision-making processes.

First published in 1998, this volume drew upon a variety of primary and secondary sources from a number of academic disciplines. European Union Law provides not merely the materials which form the law, but also analysis of the pressures, ideologies and agents which have shaped it. It is suitable for newer types of European Union law courses which trace the development of the European Union from economic to political community as well as for the more traditional courses which focus predominantly upon the law of the Institutions and of the internal market. Suitable for both undergraduates and postgraduates.