A better policy framework for preventing, managing, and helping people recover from crises is crucial to lifting long-term growth and livelihoods in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). The need for this policy framework has never been more urgent as the region faces the monumental task of recovery from the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. Whether specific policy responses will deliver the expected growth dividends will depend on the underlying vision of how labor markets adjust to crises and the quality of the policies enacted. This report estimates how crises change labor market flows, assesses how these changes affect people, and discusses the key policy responses. The key findings are threefold. First, crises have significant impacts on employment dynamics and structure in Latin America. Different labor market dynamics hide behind similar reductions in labor demand. Crises increase unemployment. This is the principal margin of adjustment despite highly informal labor markets. Across the region, the biggest employment losses are in the formal sector, driven by a reduction in job-finding rates rather than higher job-loss rates. Adjustment through reduction in hours worked does not seem to be an important factor in most countries' formal or informal sectors. Crises do not just shape worker flows temporarily-they have significant after-crisis effects on the structure of employment that last for several years. These effects are such that good job opportunities are gradually shrinking. Whereas in some countries the whole economy shrinks, in others informality serves as a partial buffer. Second, crises leave scars. Some workers recover from displacement and other livelihood shocks, while others are permanently scarred. For lower-skilled workers, earnings losses are persistent. Workers with higher education suffer no impacts of the crisis on their wages and very short-lived impacts on their employment. The responses are similar across male and female workers and workers with high and low previous participation in the formal labor market. New entrants to the labor market during a crisis face a worse career start - one from which it is difficult to recover. Yet, crises also bring efficiency gains, as detailed in this report. This study finds that both the structure of product markets and the conditions in local labor markets matter for the severity of crisis-induced employment and earnings losses across localities and sectors. Workers in more protected sectors that enjoy rents are sheltered from adjustment, while workers in localities with more informality cope better. This suggests the need for integrated responses at the worker, sector, and locality levels. Third, this study considers how the region's policy frameworks can more effectively respond to crises-mitigating scarring, speeding adjustment, and promoting long-term growth. It proposes a three-pronged strategy, including (i) creating a more stable macroeconomic environment at the aggregate level to smooth the impacts of crises, including "automatic stabilizers" such as countercyclical, publicly-financed income support that is lacking in LAC; (ii) increasing the capacity of social protection and labor policies to provide income support as well prepare workers for change through reemployment assistance; and (iii) tackling structural issues, including addressing product market competition, contestability issues, and the spatial dimension behind poor labor market adjustment.

Globalization, accelerated by information technologies, has increased the speed of business transactions and has reduced the distances between international businesses. This growth has transformed the realm of foreign investment in countries around the world, calling for a methodological approach to planning feasible capital investment proposals in general and foreign direct investment projects. Planning and Analyzing Foreign Direct Investment Projects: Emerging Research and Opportunities is a pivotal reference source that provides a systems approach to investment projects in a globalized and open society. While highlighting topics such as consumer analysis, competitive strategy, and market analysis, this publication explores the profitability and feasibility of international investments, as well as the risks and resources associated with strategic project planning. This book is ideally designed for business managers, entrepreneurs, researchers, academicians, graduate students, policymakers, investors, and project managers seeking current research on planning, analyzing, and evaluating investment projects.

International trade is a key dimension of the world economy, it is a critical factor in raising living standards, increasing employment, and providing a larger variety of goods to consumers around the world. Despite the strong focus that international trade research has received in theoretical terms, the empirical aspects of trade are less clear and justify further research. In this context, it is essential for studies to focus on shedding light on the most important methods used to evaluate the multiple dimensions of trade within this international context. Trade has a myriad of direct and indirect effects, therefore touching several fields of research, including economics, management, finance, international relations, political science, and sociology, which makes it essential to explore. The Handbook of Research on the Empirical Aspects of Strategic Trade Negotiations and Management provides a systematic overview of the latest trends in the empirical analysis of trade from international perspectives. It provides a survey on the methods used to evaluate a specific topic in international trade, enhance knowledge about the multiple facets of international trade around the world, and grant in-depth surveys of previous empirical findings on specific topics in international trade. Important topics covered within this book include trade diversification, regional centrality, ethical pricing, globalization, cultural impacts, and open economies. This book is a valuable reference tool for government officials, policy makers, managers, executives, economists, practitioners, stakeholders, researchers, academicians, and students.

After the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020, societies, economies, countries, and regions face unprecedented challenges in mainly the health, social, economic dimensions simultaneously. Countries need to recover pre-pandemic economic growth quickly, boost productivity and job creation, invest in smart healthcare systems and services, and work towards a climate-neutral and circular economy. On the one hand, companies and economies need to use the opportunities of the transition to a greener economy. The demand for greener products and services can boost the creation of new jobs. On the other hand, circular economy, with its potential impact on the life cycle of products, can contribute to the creation of sustainable growth and jobs. This book explores new and emerging frameworks, tools, strategies to support companies and economies towards the green and digital transformation in Asia, with special focus on ASEAN. It will analyze the role of disruptive technologies, cutting-edge green technologies and in these emerging practices in Asia and how they can boost the creation of new business opportunities, more jobs and economic growth for the recovery of Asian economies in post-covid-19 scenarios. The book aims is an international platform to bring together academics, scholars, researchers, decision makers, policy makers, and practitioners to share new theories, research findings, and case studies, to enhance understanding and collaboration in green growth, digital economy, environmental impact, green public procurement, sustainable performance, the transition to a more circular economy, and more in Asia, with a special focus on ASEAN.

Artificial intelligence (AI) describes machines/computers that mimic cognitive functions that humans associate with other human minds, such as learning and problem solving. As businesses have evolved to include more automation of processes, it has become more vital to understand AI and its various applications. Additionally, it is important for workers in the marketing industry to understand how to coincide with and utilize these techniques to enhance and make their work more efficient. The Handbook of Research on Applied AI for International Business and Marketing Applications is a critical scholarly publication that provides comprehensive research on artificial intelligence applications within the context of international business. Highlighting a wide range of topics such as diversification, risk management, and artificial intelligence, this book is ideal for marketers, business professionals, academicians, practitioners, researchers, and students.

This book provides a multidisciplinary analysis of the links between migration and remittances. The role of remittances in influencing migration decision is explored in relation to economic development, education, the labour market, and social factors. The impact of remittances on migration is examined from a global perspective, with a focus on both specific countries and larger regions, such as the European Union and the former Soviet states. The challenges in managing migration flows are also discussed, alongside the impact of COVID-19 on migration, and policy suggestions are made for the efficient management of labour migration. This book aims to offer a comparative analysis of the impact of remittances resulting from labour migration and foreign direct investment on the economic growth. It will be relevant to researchers and policymakers interested in labour and migration economics.

In the decades after the National Party of South Africa assumed power in 1948, a close economic relationship evolved between South Africa and Switzerland, whose longstanding refusal to join international boycotts enabled it to advance to being one of the apartheid state’s most important business partners. But alongside trade in gold, diamonds and much more, the two countries also enjoyed manifold relations in the cultural field, both “official” and “unofficial”.

Swiss musicians toured South Africa with state assistance, plays by Friedrich Dürrenmatt and Max Frisch were performed there in English and Afrikaans, South African jazz artists such as Abdullah Ibrahim (aka Dollar Brand), Sathi-ma Bea Benjamin and Chris McGregor found enthusiastic audiences in Switzerland, and in the 1970s the plays of Athol Fugard began to be seen on Swiss stages and heard on national radio.

Cultural objects, performances and lives moved between these two countries, accruing symbolic value even as artists themselves often bore the costs—in substance abuse, exile, censorship, domestic violence and early death. The essays in this book reframe Switzerland not only as an enabler of apartheid-era cultural life, but as a site refracted through South African critique. The essays in this book cover a multitude of topics from jazz to classical music, architecture, linguistics, theatre and literature in translation.

The authors investigate the activities of official state actors and private individuals, institutions and organizations in order to elucidate understandings and misunderstandings in a field where meanings and intentions were fluid, and where cultural relations existed in a complex process of give and take.

Developed in the classroom by two of the most prominent researchers in the field, Feenstra and Taylor's International Economics is a modern textbook for a modern audience, connecting theory to empirical evidence and expanding beyond the traditional focus on advanced companies to cover emerging markets and developing economies. Essentials of International Economics, Third Edition is the brief version of that textbook designed for a one-semester course covering both international trade and international macroeconomics. The new edition has been thoroughly updated, including the latest on the Eurozone crisis.

This thoroughly updated and revised edition of a widely acclaimed, classic text will be required reading for academics, policy makers and advanced students of international business worldwide. Employing a distinctive and unified framework, this book draws together research across a range of academic fields to offer a synthesis of the determinants of MNE activity, and its effects on the economic and social well-being of developed and developing countries. Unique to the new edition is its focus on the institutional underpinnings of the resources and capabilities of MNEs, and the role of MNE activity in transmitting and facilitating institutional change. Since the initial publication of this book more than a decade ago, the economic, managerial and social implications of globalisation and technological advancement have become even more varied and prominent. Accompanying these developments, there has been a rise in scholarly interest in interdisciplinary research addressing the important challenges of an ever-changing physical and human environment. Drawing on articles and books from international business and economics, as well as economic geography, political economy and strategic management, a systematic overview of the developments in scholarly thinking is presented, while also highlighting the emerging topical issues and methodologies.

The globalized world has witnessed the development of a number of economic integration projects, including at least two Eurasian projects: the Eurasian Union and the Belt and Road Initiative. These initiatives blur the European Union Global Strategy adjusted in 2016 to be an attempt to reconsider and enhance the role and place of the European Union as the leader in the global arena. These initiatives must be studied and considered further to understand the numerous benefits, opportunities, and challenges they face. Regional Economic Integration and Global Competition in the Post-COVID-19 Era: European Union, Eurasian Economic Union, and the Belt and Road Initiative provides insight into the reasons and consequences of the discrepancy in the legal restrictions, institutional policies, and mutual skepticism on the economic integration progress. The text is also useful in defining and promoting a regional strategy of economic integration and the creation of mutual trust. Covering a range of topics such as international trade, environmental risk management, and globalization, this reference work is ideal for policymakers, government officials, strategic decision makers, practitioners, researchers, scholars, academicians, instructors, and students.

Digital technology has transformed business and management methodology in the modern era. As technologies continue to evolve and change, designing a platform for business architecture requires flexibility and practicality. Organizational Leadership for the Fourth Industrial Revolution: Emerging Research and Opportunities provides the latest research on the approaches to dealing successfully with newly emerging digital technologies and the dynamic complexity leaders are facing now and in the future. While highlighting topics, such as business architecture, interactive planning, and strategic capital, this book explores the implications of technologies on business and leadership as well as the development of leadership methods and applications. This book is an important resource for professionals, practitioners, upper-level students, and managers seeking current research on leadership and business advancement in the digital era.

How can countries develop their ports to become gateways for economic prosperity? Despite being endowed with natural coastlines, many countries in Africa and Asia have struggled to translate this competitive advantage into vehicles for economic transformation. What China achieved can be informative.

Talent has been identified as the only differentiator for an organization's, nations' or any region's success in this uncertain, complex, competitive and global environment. Ulrich (2008) defined talent as the equation of 3Cs: Talent = Competence x Commitment x Contribution. Malaeb and Chanaron (2010, p. 2), noted "Competence means that employees have the skills and abilities today and in the future for required business results. ... Commitment means that employees are involved and engaged ... while Contribution means that employees find personal abundance at occupation ..." While Ulrich (2008) observed that commitment focused on meaning and identity and other restraints that tap employee's heart. This book is unique in many ways, which makes it extraordinary. First, unlike other books that have examined issues of change facing the global economy no book has examined the issue of talent development from the perspective of special interest groups including management international students, women refugees, refugees, non?governmental organizations, for profit, for benefit and nonprofit organizations. Thus, talent development world over has become one of the most important issues when it comes to developing human resources especially through education and training. The book presents pertinent research and practice on talent development management and argues that the term talent development broadly refers to management and development of high performing and high potential individuals in society required to carry out critical organizational and society roles aimed at improving human development. The contributors of the book chapters include individuals actively involved in research, teaching and practice in higher education and in business and industry. The chapters are based on empirical data, including review of relevant literature. The book also recognizes that talent development is more than just crisis management and includes best talent management practices, shared governance, meaningful reforms, strategic planning, transparency and accountability, social justice and respect for human life and the need to develop humane organizations and humane communities. The contributions take cognizance of the fact that talent development as a concept is facing fundamental changes in the global knowledge economy, and especially with political changes taking place world over. Contributors also take cognizance of the fact that one important source of change in society has been the accelerating speed of scientific and technological advancement driven by the power of the Internet hence the need to develop talent for the 21st century and beyond. The book is basically an academic book for use by undergraduates and graduate students at universities, for?profit, for?benefit, and non?profit organizations, policy makers and formulators in ministries of Education; supra national organizations, foreign organizations multilateral organizations, non?governmental organizations, community based organizations as well as development stakeholders, and community organizers.