Contains over 200 cases, covering every type of canine infectious disease Features international contributors Supplies the perfect companion to Self-assessment Color Review of Feline Infectious Diseases. This book covers all types of canine infectious diseases, including infections caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites and fungi. Over 200 clinical cases are presented randomly, as in practice, and cover the range of infectious diseases which affect all the organ systems of the dog. Featuring international expert contributors, the illustrated cases contain integrated questions and detailed explanatory answers.

Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases of the Dog and Cat is the ultimate reference for veterinarians and other professionals trying to diagnose and treat both common and less frequently diagnosed diseases and conditions of the ear, nose and throat. The book is divided into four sections: The Ear, The Nose, The Throat and Surgery of the Ear, Nose and Throat. Each of the first three sections begins by discussing anatomy and physiology and then reviews a wide variety of diagnostic procedures including video-endoscopic examination of the external ear canal, nose and throat, radiography and advanced imaging, and histopathological examination of biopsy samples. Chapters in each of the three sections then provide a detailed and extensive review of the diseases of the pinna, external ear canal, middle ear and inner ear - nasal planum, nasal cavities and sinuses and nasopharynx - pharynx and larynx. The final section opens with a chapter on perioperative management with subsequent chapters that cover surgery of the ear, nose and throat. Extensively referenced, and including nearly 500 color illustrations to assist in diagnosis and treatment, the book is an invaluable resource for both veterinarians in training and in practice for the accurate diagnosis and management of diseases of the ear, nose and throat.

Approaching high-volume spay and neuter as a separate discipline, this comprehensive reference addresses the unique challenges of this branch of shelter medicine. You will learn how to become faster at performing these procedures in a variety of settings, while still maintaining the safety of the patient. Safety is emphasized throughout with guidance on how to best treat patients with unknown medical histories and financial constraints that restrict the ability to do pre-anesthetic blood work. Special attention is given to considerations about surgical technique, as well as topics such as suture selection and size, suture pattern, patient order, medications, and aftercare. Coverage of mobile veterinary services examines how to provide low-cost spay and neuter to underserved communities with this emerging trend in the industry. Comprehensive coverage examines the "hows" and "whys" of the mechanics of high-volume spay/neuter, as well as how to manage complications that can occur. Written by Victoria Valdez, an experienced veterinarian who has performed more than 40,000 spays and neuters. Information on how to set up both a mobile and a stationary suite offers guidance for providing low-cost spay and neuter services in a variety of settings. Easy-to-read reference manual format ensures each chapter includes all pertinent information on a topic, eliminating the need to cross-reference throughout the book. Enhanced eBook on Expert Consult offers a fully searchable version of the text.

Over the past decade, substantial resources have been spent on tackling avian influenza and building a global capacity for a pandemic response. The catastrophic costs of the 1918 influenza pandemic are well documented, and the swine flu pandemic of 2009-10 has raised the alarm yet again. Across the world, surveillance systems have been upgraded, stockpiles of antiviral drugs and influenza vaccines have been created, veterinary and public health systems have been improved and poultry production and marketing has been dramatically restructured. What are the lessons from this experience? And what does this suggest for the future? This book explores how virus genetics, ecology and epidemiology intersect with economic, political and policy processes in a variety of places - from Bangkok to Washington, to Jakarta, Cairo, Rome and London. It focuses on the interaction of the international and national responses - and in particular the experiences of Cambodia, Vietnam, Indonesia and Thailand. It asks how effective is the disease surveillance and response system - can it respond to a new pandemic threat? The comparative analysis reveals the challenges and limitations of a technocratic, centralised response, and the need to take seriously local contexts. Drawing from these experiences, the book concludes with a discussion of future prospects and challenges, examining in particular what a 'One World, One Health' approach - where approaches to animal, human and ecosystem health are integrated - would look like in practice. Published in association with the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC).

Free-living birds encounter multiple health hazards brought on by viruses, bacteria, and fungi, some which in turn can significantly impact other animal populations and human health. Newly emerging diseases and new zoonotic forms of older diseases have brought increased global attention to the health of wild bird populations. Recognition and management of these diseases is a high priority for all those involved with wildlife.
Infectious Diseases of Wild Birds provides biologists, wildlife managers, wildlife and veterinary health professionals and students with the most comprehensive reference on infectious viral, bacterial and fungal diseases affecting wild birds. Bringing together contributions from an international team of experts, the book offers the most complete information on these diseases, their history, causative agents, significance and population impact. Focusing on more than just treatment, special emphasis is given to disease processes, recognition and epidemiology.
--The most complete reference on infectious viral, bacterial and fungal diseases in wild birds
--Emphasis on disease processes, epidemiology and recognition
--Offers perspective on the global significance of these diseases and their population impact
--Written by leading researchers and experts from around the world

Livestock raisers and healers everywhere have traditional ways of classifying, diagnosing, preventing and treating common animal diseases. Many of these "ethnoveterinary" practices offer viable alternatives or complements to conventional, Western-style veterinary medicine - especially where the latter is unavailable or inappropriate.This rich bibliography contains annotations of 1240 publications that deal with sociocultural, politico-economic, environmental and biomedical aspects of community animal healthcare. Entries span 118 countries of Europe, Africa, the Americas, Asia and the Pacific. Examples of ordinary people's diverse knowledge, skills, beliefs and practices are recorded for some 200 health problems of 25 livestock species. The species discussed range from 'exotics' like reindeer, camelids, elephant and yak, through more familiar farm and pet animals, to micro-livestock like fish and bees. Reference is made to hundreds of plant species or genera, to inorganic items or compounds, and innumerable foodstuffs and household items employed as "materia medica" in treatments that run the gamut of medicinal, surgical, physical/mechanical and supernatural. In addition, stockraisers' many astute and often environmentally friendly health-related herding, housing, husbandry and breeding practices are documented.The volume prioritizes twentieth century literature, with the bulk of publications dating from 1989 to 1999. It is designed to provide researchers, development professionals and policy makers working in agriculture, education, national development and human medicine with contemporary data, ideas and approaches for the practical evaluation, application and extension of community animal healthcare knowledge and resources to solving immediate development problems. At a broader level, the bibliography suggests the many potential benefits to people everywhere of systematically studying and building upon sometimes ancient - and sometimes brand new - local/indigenous knowledge.

Amanda Kay McVety has written the first history of the international effort to eradicate rinderpest - a devastating cattle disease - which began in the 1940s and ended in 2011. Rinderpest is the only other disease besides smallpox to have been eradicated, but very few people in the United States know about it, because it did not infect humans and never broke out in North America. In other parts of the world, however, rinderpest was a serious economic and social burden and the struggle against it was a critical part of the effort to fight poverty and hunger globally. McVety follows the deployment of rinderpest vaccines around the globe, exploring the role of the environment in the understanding of development, internationalism, and national security. She expands the standard Cold War narratives to show how these concepts were framed not only by economic and political concerns, but also by biological ones.

"Stress and Pheromonatherapy in Small Animal Clinical Behaviour" is about how stress impacts on animal behaviour and welfare and what we can do about it, especially by using chemical signals more effectively. This readily accessible text starts from first principles and is useful to both academics and practitioners alike. It offers a framework for understanding how pheromonatherapy can be used to encourage desirable behaviour in dogs and cats and also a fresh approach to understanding the nature of clinical animal behaviour problems.

The authors have pioneered the use of pheromone therapy within the field of clinical animal behaviour. As the culmination of many years of research and experience, they offer sound evidence-based advice on how and when pheromones can be used most effectively.

The first part of the book deals with some fundamental concepts, focusing on the key concepts of stress, communication and perception. It then provides a framework for the evaluation of problem behaviour to allow consideration of the possible role or not of pheromonatherapy. Part 2 covers the application of these concepts to a range of specific situations, concentrating on conditions in which there has been most research to support the efficacy of pheromonatherapy.

Suitable for veterinarians in small animal practice, students of clinical animal behaviour, veterinary nurses and technicians, as well as specialists and researchers in animal behaviour therapy.

Master animal eye surgery techniques with this comprehensive, step-by-step guide! Veterinary Ophthalmic Surgery, 2nd Edition is the resource of choice for all types of ophthalmic surgical procedures across all animal species. Not only does this book include illustrated guidelines and step-by-step procedures, but it also covers surgical instrumentation, the operating room, and the use of anesthesia. Each aspect of ophthalmic surgery is described, including pre-, intra- and post-operative details. Internationally recognized editors Galatt and Plumber are joined by a team of expert contributors in providing authoritative solutions to key issues in animal ophthalmic surgery. Whatever your specialty, this is the only eye surgery book you will ever need! Comprehensive coverage of extraocular and intraocular surgical procedures includes all of the different types of procedures performed by veterinarians and veterinary ophthalmologists. More than 1,050 high-quality color photographs and illustrations allow the practitioner to follow techniques step by step. Pictorial reference includes multiple presentations of many ophthalmic diseases to show the various ways the condition may appear. Comprehensive guidelines in each surgery chapter include anatomy, indications for surgery or other medical therapies, the available surgical procedures, postoperative management, success rates, and postoperative complications, followed by any modifications for large animals and special species. Enhanced eBook included with every new print purchase provides users with the complete, fully searchable text plus a superb collection of online videos demonstrating actual ophthalmic surgical procedures. NEW! Chapters on microsurgery, equine, ruminants, and pet and zoo animals NEW! Approximately 50 additional medical illustrations NEW! Surgical techniques and procedures NEW! Updated instrumentation

This issue of Veterinary Clinics: Small Animal Practice, edited by Dr. Annette Litster, is devoted to Small Animal Infectious Disease. Topics in this issue include: The dynamic nature of infectious disease risk in the 21st century: How dog transport impacts prevalence patterns; Dog transport and infectious disease risk: an international perspective; Effect of dog transport on high-risk infectious diseases (e.g. TVT, rabies etc.); H3N8 and H3N2; Feline panleukopenia: a re-emergent disease; Canine Lyme disease immunology; Canine leptospirosis diagnostics; Canine ehrlichiosis in the USA; Cutaneous and Renal Glomerular Vasculopathy (CRGV; Alabama Rot); Vector borne disease panel diagnostics; Feline vector-borne diseases; Canine brucellosis; and Current preventative strategies for rabies.

This handbook will help veterinary clinicians and their staff to manage cases of poisoning in dogs and cats. It will also help answer enquiries about potential poisonings received from concerned pet owners. The content has been compiled from over 15 000 past cases referred to the Veterinary Poisons Information Service - a 24-hour information service for veterinary surgeons. The VPIS experience is compared and contrasted with case data and reports from the literature to provide a comprehensive overview of both toxicity and management for the agents included.

Each agent, or group of agents, has a separate chapter covering its effects in either the cat or the dog. In some cases the species information is combined where the clinical effects and management are identical. The chapters provide all the information necessary for the immediate management of a particular poisoning case. This includes doses at which clinical intervention is advisable and dosing regimens and indications for any drug therapy required. Thus the user will be able to access quickly all the information needed for an emergency situation without having to refer to other sources.

Provides expanded information which includes sections on historic background, current principles, and anticipated future changes, and consideration of the latest knowledge of human and veterinary medicine in the field of zoonoses. A chapter summary and selected bibliography for each of the first six chapters.

Most previous publications on the classification of tapeworms (cestodes) have been based on compilations from the literature and are now dated. Thus there is a real need for up-to-date keys based on the re-examination of specimens and on a re-evaluation of the characters employed in cestode taxonomy. This book fulfils this need and provides keys to enable specialists and non-specialists to identify cestodes to generic level. The keys are dichotomous and are based largely on morphological characters. The authors have re-examined many specimens, including type specimens where possible. As a result, the keys reflect new ideas and have lead to reappraisals of cestode taxonomy, particularly at family and generic level, with many reallocations and synonymies. The authors include 19 international authorities from the UK, USA, Australia, Brazil, France, Norway, Italy, Switzerland, Poland, Bulgaria and the Ukraine. The book includes approximately 1,700 illustrations and is a standard work on tapeworm identification and will be indispensable for parasitologists.

Logically organized by taxonomic groups, this up-to-date text covers the diagnosis and treatment of all zoo animal species and free-ranging wildlife, including amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals, and fish, unlikely to be seen by private practice veterinarians. Featuring full-color images, the consistent, user-friendly format supplies information on each animal's biology, unique anatomy, special physiology, reproduction, restraint and handling, housing requirements, nutrition and feeding, surgery and anesthesia, diagnostics, therapeutics, and diseases. Global authorship includes multinational contributors who offer expert information on different species from around the world. "This is a welcome update to an invaluable reference series; a must-have for any veterinary professional working largely in the zoo or wildlife field, and also recommended as a reference text for the library of any practice seeing unusual species on a regular basis, even if they already have an earlier volume." Reviewed by: Charlotte Day on behalf of The Veterinary Record, Oct 14 Global authorship includes internationally recognized authors who have contributed new chapters focusing on the latest research and clinical management of captive and free-ranging wild animals from around the world. Zoological Information Management System chapter offers the latest update on this brand new system that contains a worldwide wealth of information. General taxonomy-based format provides a comprehensive text for sharing information in zoo and wildlife medicine. Concise tables provide quick reference to key points in the references. NEW! All new authors have completely revised the content to provide fresh perspectives from leading experts in the field on the latest advances in zoo and wild animal medicine. NEW! Color images vividly depict external clinical signs for more accurate recognition and diagnosis.

This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification: ++++ Rabies: Its Place Amongst Germ-diseases, And Its Origin In The Animal Kingdom David Sime University Press, 1903 Rabies

This issue will explore the latest research and clinical information concerning endocrinology of exotic pet species. The articles will cover thyroid disease in rodent species, deslorelin implants in birds, pathology of the avian panceas, non-surgical management of ferret adrenal endocrinopathy, medical management of reproductive disorders in birds, neuroendocrine regulation of calcium metabolism in reptiles, clinical aspects of the avian hypothalamic/pituitary axis, and more!

The fourth edition of Clinical Medicine of the Dog and Cat remains the most extensively illustrated and practical small animal veterinary textbook on the market.

It continues and expands on the revolutionary problem-based approach of the previous three editions, with more than 1,100 clinical color photographs, diagrams, and tables. The book is divided into five color-coded sections—General Approach, Diagnostic Techniques, Disease of Specific Organ Systems, Multisystemic Disorders, and Elements of Therapy. For this edition:

Case studies are integrated within the relevant chapters for ease of reference

The first section on common medical problems now includes abdominal distension, peripheral edema, proteinuria, regurgitation, and seizures

Chapters on thoracic and abdominal radiographs are now included in a unique new section on Diagnostic Techniques, encouraging an integrated learning approach

The third section contains detailed medical information covering most organ systems, with several chapters completely rewritten and others comprehensively updated to include additional text and images

Additional endoscopic, radiographic, CT, and MRI images are included alongside clinical photographs; very few veterinary textbooks have such a rich emphasis on photographs

Each section has a limited number of recommended updated references

The practical information is presented with text, tables, and algorithms, while each chapter is arranged to provide the definition of each disorder, its clinical features, the differential diagnoses, the diagnostic methodology, and the treatment and prognosis. The formatting has been improved to make this textbook easy to read and comprehend. The busy veterinarian or student is thus provided with a readily available resource of important clinical information in a clear, brief manner.

Written by board-certified experts, the topics are carefully selected to make this a valuable resource for veterinary students as well as for general practitioners and small animal interns.

Table of Contents

Mikey's Maxims by Michael Schaer

SECTION I: GENERAL APPROACH

1 Client Communication and Medical History

Bobbi Conner

2 Common Clinical Problems

2.1 Abdominal distension

Steven Holloway

2.2 Cough

Elizabeth Rozanski

2.3 Diarrhea

Frederic Gaschen

2.4 Dyspnea

Claire Sharp

2.5 Dysuria

Isabelle Cattin

2.6 Epistaxis

Samantha Wigglesworth & Amber Vitalo

2.7 Fever of Unknown Origin

Robert Armentano

2.8 Icterus

Julien Dandrieux

2.9 Pallor

Elisa Mazzaferro

2.10 Peripheral edema

Stuart Walton

2.11 Pigmenturia

Leo Londoño & Michael Schaer

2.12 Polydipsia/Polyuria

Michael Schaer

2.13 Proteinuria

Laura Rayhel & Mark Acierno

2.14 Regurgitation

Roman Husnik

2.15 Seizures

Gabriel Garcia

2.16 Syncope, Episodic Weakness, Collapse

Boyd Jones

2.17 Vomiting

Frederic Gaschen

SECTION II: DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES

3 Approach to Thoracic Radiographs

L. Abbi Granger

4 Approach to Abdominal Radiographs

L. Abbi Granger

SECTION III: DISEASES OF SPECIFIC ORGAN SYSTEMS

5 Diseases of the Oral Cavity and Teeth

Brook Niemiec & Erin Ribka

6 Respiratory Disorders - upper and lower

Cécile Clercx

7 Diseases of the Pleural Space

Brad Case

8 Cardiovascular Disorders

Romain Pariaut & Carley Saelinger

9 Digestive Diseases

Frederic Gaschen

10 Hepatobiliary Disease

Andrea Johnston

11 Pancreatic Disorders

Frederic Gaschen

12 Endocrine Diseases

Michael Herrtage

13 Uro-nephrology

Mark Acierno

14 Disorders of the Nervous System and Muscle

Simon Platt

15 Musculoskeletal Disorders and Injuries

Matthew Johnson, Mitchell Gillick and Steven Fox

16 Hematologic Disorders

Katie Boes, Julien Dandrieux and Claire Cannon

17 Disorders of Hemostasis

Alex Lynch

18 Dermatologic Disorders

Domenico Santoro and Amelia White

19 Ocular manifestations of systemic diseases

Ralph Hamor

SECTION IV: Multisystemic Disorders

20 Clinical Toxicology

Tina Wismer

21 Infectious Diseases

21.1 Cats

Sophie Keyte & Severine Tasker

21.2 Dogs

Stuart Walton

22 Immunologic Disorders

Michael Day

SECTION V: Elements of Therapy

23 Fluid Therapy

Leo Londoño

24 Pain Management

Beatriz Monteiro & Brad Simon

25 Nutrition of the Critically Ill Dog and Cat

Justin Shmalberg

26 Management of the Obese Dog and Cat

Alex German

Authored by a veterinary specialist, this book provides a comprehensive overview of diseases of veterinary importance, including recent emerging diseases such as Bluetongue and Schmallenberg. Diseases are presented at the level of the whole organism and by individual organ, with illustrations for easy identification. Preventative medicine is also extensively discussed with practical tips for good husbandry techniques.Sheep and Goat Diseases is adapted from the bestselling German book in its 4th edition and will be beneficial to farmers at all levels, including smallholders, hobbyists and commercial farmers. It is also a valuable resource for agricultural and veterinary students.

The outbreaks of myxomatosis among rabbits in Australia in 1950 and in Europe in 1952 provided scientists with opportunities of observing the course of the interaction of a very lethal virus disease with a large population of highly susceptible mammals, i.e. with a model system to study the evolution of an infectious disease, and the effects of an infectious disease on the evolution of a mammal. This scientific account of the spread of the disease in Australia and Europe, of its effects upon rabbit numbers, and of the genetic changes that occurred in parasite and host, is of great interest to ecologists, virologists, parasitologists, mammalian zoologists, geneticists, agriculturists, and public health workers, as well as to those directly concerned with rabbit raising or control.

Both a theoretical text and a practical handbook, Vaccines for Veterinarians is the first of its kind to bring the basic science of animal vaccination and the practical details of vaccine use together in one single volume. From the first chapter on the history of vaccination and the triumph of rinderpest eradication to the last chapter on the rapidly emerging field of cancer vaccines, this book offers a truly comprehensive grounding in established and emerging vaccines for both major and minor species. Specific topics include viral vectored vaccines, DNA-plasmid vaccines, RNA vaccines, reverse vaccinology, the complexities of adjuvant use, vaccine failures and adverse events, vaccine production and regulation, robotic vaccination machines, contraceptive and production-enhancing vaccines, and so much more. At a time when resistance to human vaccination is receiving much publicity, this evidence-based book is the ideal counter to ill-informed speculation - serving as a timely reminder that vaccination is essential for the control of infectious diseases in animals. Well-respected and experienced veterinary author, Ian Tizard, provides expert guidance on the topic of vaccinations and immunology in veterinary medicine. Expert Consult site offers an online version of the book, making it easy to search the entire book electronically. The latest information on viral vectored vaccines keeps you up-to-date on the topic as well as the properties and relative advantages of currently used vectors in animal vaccines. Survey of vaccine responses covers the different mechanisms by which the immune system responds to different types of vaccines. Inclusion of the latest vaccine technologies discusses the advantages and disadvantages of DNA-plasmid vaccines, RNA vaccines, and more. Coverage of adverse events and hypersensitivities includes the best ways to treat them and report them. Coverage of passive immunization discusses the growing use of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in veterinary medicine. Coverage of immunotherapy includes recent improvements and new products in both active and passive immunotherapy against animal cancers.

Combining essential hematology content with the diagnostic features of an atlas, Veterinary Hematology: A Diagnostic Guide and Color Atlas delivers all the information you need to accurately assess and diagnose the blood diseases of common domestic animals - including dogs, cats, horses, cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and llamas. This all-in-one resource utilizes a clinically-oriented and user-friendly approach to guide you through the processes of selecting relevant diagnostic tests, collecting and preparing samples, interpreting sample results, and determining their clinical significance. High-resolution photomicrographs, full-color illustrations, and excellent schematic drawings, tables, and quick-reference algorithms help you clearly visualize these concepts and procedures. Two books in one gives you the information of a user-friendly, clinical textbook and the diagnostic features of a color atlas in a single reference. Practical, clinically-relevant text is comprehensive and yet concise in its delivery of vital information such as: Principles and procedures that are employed in recognizing normal, abnormal, and artifactual features of blood and bone marrow samples and developing accurate diagnoses Common cytochemical stains and summary charts for interpretation Sample collection, staining procedures, and diagnostic techniques Differentiating features of malignant and benign hematologic disorders Miscellaneous cells and blood parasites and their significance in the evaluation of blood smears Hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic neoplasms High- resolution photomicrographs and excellent schematic drawings, tables, boxes and quick-reference algorithms aid your understanding of basic clinical concepts and differential diagnostic considerations. Over 800 full-color illustrations help you clearly visualize the concepts and clinical features of the blood and bone marrow - from normal cell maturation to the development of various pathologies.

First published in 1936, Colyer's Variations and Diseases of the Teeth of Animals drew extensively on the material housed in the Odontological Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, and quickly became an indispensable reference for students and research workers in zoology, archaeology and veterinary science, as well as human dentistry. In this second edition, Colyer's successors at the Odontological Museum have fully revised the text in the light of new knowledge, while preserving the best of Colyer's own material. The text has been rearranged taxonomically and a new introduction reviewing conceptual advances in the field since Colyer's time has been added. The numerous illustrations, classics of their kind, have been reproduced to a high standard from Colyer's originals and many new figures have been incorporated. This revision will introduce Colyer's material to a new audience, for whom it represents a comprehensive and fully-referenced survey of abnormalities and diseases of the teeth and jaws of animals.

"Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult Clinical Companion: Canine and Feline Infectious Diseases and Parasitology, Second Edition " takes a user-friendly alphabetical format to cover a wide spectrum of canine and feline infectious diseases and parasite-related disorders. Part of the popular "Five-Minute Veterinary Consult" series, it includes information on many specific organisms and diseases, from amebiasis and Ehrlichiosis to rabies and ticks. The text also provides extensive differential diagnostic lists, as well as information on drugs, dosages, toxicity, treatment options, diagnostic testing, immunization recommendations, and cytological appearance.

The Second Edition presents three new chapters on canine influenza, sarcoptic mange, and staphylococcal pyoderma. "Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult Clinical Companion: Canine and Feline Infectious Diseases and Parasitology, Second Edition" is an ideal quick reference for veterinary professionals and students.

Streptococci and enterococci are the etiologic agents of infectious diseases that rank among the most severe in human pathology. The diagnosis, antibiotherapy, and prevention of the streptococcal diseases have improved considerably. However, the reemergence of severe streptococcal and enterococcal diseases constitutes a growing public health con cern, which remains open to scientific and medical debate. The XIII'h Lancefield International Symposium on Streptococci and Streptococcal Diseases, held at Institut Pasteur, Paris, France, September 16---2el, 1996, attracted 505 par ticipants from 43 countries. Twenty-two percent of the participants were students, a clear sign of the intense interest in this field. Of the 390 presentations made at the symposium, 260 were submitted as manuscripts for the Proceedings; we have included 249 of these in this volume. This symposium provided a forum for the presentation of the most recent findings and approaches to understanding several important fields, such as new aspects of infec tion, bacteria host interactions, epidemiology, and molecular genetics of streptococci and enterococci. Over the last three years, the study of these subjects has expanded as increas ingly sophisticated methods of molecular analysis have been applied to investigate the bi ology of pathogenic streptococci and enterococci. Virulence, vaccine strategies, genetics, antibiotic resistance, epidemiology, and immunology are now being examined through the lens of molecular biology. The application of recently developed techniques to this field will continue to yield insight into the mechanism by which these organisms cause disease."

Findings concerning various clinical manifestations in cattle and sheep have made it clear that pestivirus infections in ruminants have an economic impact similar to hog cholera. Early data justified the classification of pestiviruses as a genus of nonarthopod-borne togaviruses. Since pestiviruses are difficult to work with, progress in understanding the virus and disease gradually came to a standstill because conventional techniques failed to yield further insights. About ten years ago interest in pestivirology was revived by strong impulses of modern biotechnology and a breakthrough in pathogenesis research, i.e. in vitro translation of BVD viral proteins and the ex experimental reproduction of mucosal disease in cattle. In order to summarize and discuss these exciting developments, an international community of pestivirus researchers came together in June 1990 in Hannover (Federal Republic of Germany) for the Symposium "Ruminant Pestivirus Infections: Virology, Pathogenesis and Perspectives on Prophylaxis." This book is a selection of papers presented at this symposium.