This book presents the reflections of a group of researchers interested in assessing whether the law governing the promotion and protection of foreign investment reflects sound public policy. Whether it is the lack of "checks and balances" on investor rights or more broadly the lack of balance between public rights and private interests, the time is ripe for an in-depth discussions of current challenges facing the international investment law regime. Through a survey of the evolution in IIA treaty-making and an evaluation from different perspectives, the authors take stock of developments in international investment law and analyze potential solutions to some of the criticisms that plague IIAs. The book takes a multidisciplinary approach to the subject, with expert analysis from legal, political and economic scholars. The first part of the book traces the evolution of IIA treaty-making whilst the other three parts are organised around the concepts of efficiency, legitimacy and sustainability. Each contributor analyzes one or more issues related to substance, treaty negotiation, or dispute resolution, with the ultimate aim of improving IIA treaty-making in these respects. Improving International Investment Agreements will be of particular interest to students and academics in the fields of International Investment Law, International Trade Law, Business and Economics.

The Dispute Settlement Reports of the World Trade Organization (WTO) include Panel and Appellate Body reports, as well as arbitration awards, in disputes concerning the rights and obligations of WTO Members under the provisions of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization. These are the only authorized paginated reports in English. As such, they are an essential addition to the library of every practising and academic trade lawyer, and will be widely consulted by students taking courses in international economic or trade law. The WTO authorized printed DSR volumes commenced publication with DSR, 1996: I. Publication of the Cambridge printed edition follows the WTO website publication of all new reports, which will continue in the three working languages of English, French and Spanish. Once a report has been released on the WTO website it will be published in the next Cambridge printed volume

The Dispute Settlement Reports of the World Trade Organization (WTO) include Panel and Appellate Body reports, as well as arbitration awards, in disputes concerning the rights and obligations of WTO Members under the provisions of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization. These are the only authorized paginated reports in English. As such, they are an essential addition to the library of every practising and academic trade lawyer, and will be widely consulted by students taking courses in international economic or trade law. The WTO authorized printed DSR volumes commenced publication with DSR, 1996: I. Publication of the Cambridge printed edition follows the WTO website publication of all new reports, which will continue in the three working languages of English, French and Spanish. Once a report has been released on the WTO website it will be published in the next Cambridge printed volume

The Dispute Settlement Reports of the World Trade Organization (WTO) include Panel and Appellate Body reports, as well as arbitration awards, in disputes concerning the rights and obligations of WTO Members under the provisions of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization. These are the only authorized paginated reports in English. As such, they are an essential addition to the library of every practising and academic trade lawyer, and will be widely consulted by students taking courses in international economic or trade law. The WTO authorized printed DSR volumes commenced publication with DSR, 1996: I. Publication of the Cambridge printed edition follows the WTO website publication of all new reports, which will continue in the three working languages of English, French and Spanish. Once a report has been released on the WTO website it will be published in the next Cambridge printed volume

The Dispute Settlement Reports of the World Trade Organization (WTO) include Panel and Appellate Body reports, as well as arbitration awards, in disputes concerning the rights and obligations of WTO members under the provisions of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization. These are the WTO authorized and paginated reports in English. An essential addition to the library of all practising and academic trade lawyers and needed by students worldwide taking courses in international economic or trade law. DSR 2012: IV reports on United States - Measures Concerning the Importation, Marketing and Sale of Tuna and Tuna Products (WT/DS381).

The Dispute Settlement Reports of the World Trade Organization (WTO) include Panel and Appellate Body reports, as well as arbitration awards, in disputes concerning the rights and obligations of WTO members under the provisions of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization. These are the WTO authorized and paginated reports in English. An essential addition to the library of all practising and academic trade lawyers and needed by students worldwide taking courses in international economic or trade law. DSR 2012: VI reports on United States - Certain Country of Origin Labelling (COOL) Requirements (WT/DS384, WT/DS386).

The Dispute Settlement Reports of the World Trade Organization (WTO) include Panel and Appellate Body reports, as well as arbitration awards, in disputes concerning the rights and obligations of WTO Members under the provisions of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization. These are the only authorized paginated reports in English. As such, they are an essential addition to the library of every practising and academic trade lawyer, and will be widely consulted by students taking courses in international economic or trade law. The WTO authorized printed DSR volumes commenced publication with DSR, 1996: I. Publication of the Cambridge printed edition follows the WTO website publication of all new reports, which will continue in the three working languages of English, French and Spanish. Once a report has been released on the WTO website it will be published in the next Cambridge printed volume

The Dispute Settlement Reports of the World Trade Organization (WTO) include Panel and Appellate Body reports, as well as arbitration awards, in disputes concerning the rights and obligations of WTO Members under the provisions of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization. These are the only authorized paginated reports in English. As such, they are an essential addition to the library of every practising and academic trade lawyer, and will be widely consulted by students taking courses in international economic or trade law. The WTO authorized printed DSR volumes commenced publication with DSR, 1996: I. Publication of the Cambridge printed edition follows the WTO website publication of all new reports, which will continue in the three working languages of English, French and Spanish. Once a report has been released on the WTO website it will be published in the next Cambridge printed volume

The Dispute Settlement Reports of the World Trade Organization (WTO) include Panel and Appellate Body reports, as well as arbitration awards, in disputes concerning the rights and obligations of WTO Members under the provisions of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization. These are the only authorized paginated reports in English. As such, they are an essential addition to the library of every practising and academic trade lawyer, and will be widely consulted by students taking courses in international economic or trade law. The WTO authorized printed DSR volumes commenced publication with DSR, 1996: I. Publication of the Cambridge printed edition follows the WTO website publication of all new reports, which will continue in the three working languages of English, French and Spanish. Once a report has been released on the WTO website it will be published in the next Cambridge printed volume

The Dispute Settlement Reports of the World Trade Organization (WTO) include Panel and Appellate Body reports, as well as arbitration awards, in disputes concerning the rights and obligations of WTO Members under the provisions of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization. These are the only authorized paginated reports in English. As such, they are an essential addition to the library of every practising and academic trade lawyer, and will be widely consulted by students taking courses in international economic or trade law. The WTO authorized printed DSR volumes commenced publication with DSR, 1996: I. Publication of the Cambridge printed edition follows the WTO website publication of all new reports, which will continue in the three working languages of English, French and Spanish. Once a report has been released on the WTO website it will be published in the next Cambridge printed volume

The Dispute Settlement Reports of the World Trade Organization (WTO) include Panel and Appellate Body reports, as well as arbitration awards, in disputes concerning the rights and obligations of WTO Members under the provisions of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization. These are the only authorized paginated reports in English. As such, they are an essential addition to the library of every practising and academic trade lawyer, and will be widely consulted by students taking courses in international economic or trade law. The WTO authorized printed DSR volumes commenced publication with DSR, 1996: I. Publication of the Cambridge printed edition follows the WTO website publication of all new reports, which will continue in the three working languages of English, French and Spanish. Once a report has been released on the WTO website it will be published in the next Cambridge printed volume

The Dispute Settlement Reports of the World Trade Organization (WTO) include Panel and Appellate Body reports, as well as arbitration awards, in disputes concerning the rights and obligations of WTO Members under the provisions of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization. These are the only authorized paginated reports in English. As such, they are an essential addition to the library of every practising and academic trade lawyer, and will be widely consulted by students taking courses in international economic or trade law. The WTO authorized printed DSR volumes commenced publication with DSR, 1996: I. Publication of the Cambridge printed edition follows the WTO website publication of all new reports, which will continue in the three working languages of English, French and Spanish. Once a report has been released on the WTO website it will be published in the next Cambridge printed volume

Hardbound. This volume is a general dictionary within the areas of company, business and financial law, where the selection of terms is based primarily on established and emerging usages within Community legal terminology. The volume provides definitions and general explanations in English, supplemented with specific explanations in Danish and/or German as required. The careful arrangement of terms in Danish and German allows near-independent use between these two languages. Heavy emphasis is placed on idiomatic language use with the inclusion of a large number of complex verb and noun phrases, everyday abbreviated terms, and names of institutions etc. When making the selection of terms, the compilers used their experience as professional translators of commercial and theoretical legal and financial documents. The dictionary will be invaluable to Community business people, lawyers, accountants, translators and students.

Do the antitrust laws have a place in the digital economy or are they obsolete? That is the question raised by the government's legal action against Microsoft, and it is the question this volume is designed to answer. America's antitrust laws were born out of the Industrial Revolution. Opponents of the antitrust laws argue that whatever merit the antitrust laws may have had in the past they have no place in a digital economy. Rapid innovation makes the accumulation of market power practically impossible. Markets change too quickly for antitrust actions to keep up. And antitrust remedies are inevitably regulatory and hence threaten to `regulate business'. A different view - and, generally, the view presented in this volume - is that antitrust law can and does have an important and constructive role to play in the digital economy. The software business is new, it is complex, and it is rapidly moving. Analysis of market definition, contestibility and potential competition, the role of innovation, network externalities, cost structures and marketing channels present challenges for academics, policymakers and judges alike. Evaluating consumer harm is problematic. Distinguishing between illegal conduct and brutal - but legitimate - competition is often difficult. Is antitrust analysis up to the challenge? This volume suggests that antitrust analysis `still works'. In stark contrast to the political rhetoric that has surrounded much of the debate over the Microsoft case, the articles presented here suggest neither that Microsoft is inherently bad, nor that it deserves a de facto exemption from the antitrust laws. Instead, they offer insights - for policymakers, courts, practitioners, professors and students of antitrust policy everywhere - on how antitrust analysis can be applied to the business of making and marketing computer software.

Upon hearing that Ronald Coase had been awarded the Nobel Prize, a fellow economist's first response was to ask with whom Coase had shared the Prize. Whether this response was idiosyncratic or not, I do not know; I expect not. Part of this type of reaction can no doubt be explained by the fact that Coase has often been characterized as an economist who wrote only two significant or influential papers: "The Nature of the Firm" (1937) and "The Problem of Social Cost" (1960). And by typical professional standards of "significant" and "influential" (i. e. , widely read and cited), this perception embodies a great deal of truth, even subsequent to Coase's receipt of the Prize. This is not to say that there have not been other important works - "The Marginal Cost Controversy" (1946) and "The Lighthouse in Economics" (1974) come immediately to mind here - only that in a random sample of, say, one hundred economists, one would likely find few who could list a Coase bibliography beyond the two classic pieces noted above, in spite of Coase's significant publication record. ' The purpose of this collection is to assess the development of, tensions within, and prospects for Coasean Economics - those aspects of economic analysis that have evolved out of Coase's path-breaking work. Two major strands of research can be identified here: law and economics and the New Institutional Economics.

The American public has a fascination with railroad wrecks that goes back a long way. One hundred years ago, staged railroad accidents were popular events. At the Iowa State fair in 1896, 89,000 people paid $20 each, at current prices, to see two trains, throttles wide open, collide with each other. "Head-on Joe" Connolly made a business out of "cornfield meets" holding seventy-three events in thirty-six years. Picture books of train wrecks do good business presumably because a train wreck can guarantee a spectacular destruction of property without the messy loss of life associated with aircraft accidents. A "train wreck" has also entered the popular vocabulary in a most unusual way. When political manoeuvering leads to failure to pass the federal budget, and a shutdown is likely of government services, this is widely called a "train wreck. " In business and team sports, bumbling and lack of coordination leading to a spectacular and public failure to perform is also called "causing a train wreck. " A person or organization who is disorganized may be labelled a "train wreck. " It is therefore not surprising that the public perception of the safety of railroads centers on images of twisted metal and burning tank cars, and a general feeling that these events occur quite often. After a series of railroad accidents, such as occurred in the winter of 1996 or the summer of 1997, there are inevitable calls that government "should do something.

This major work consists of carefully commissioned original and incisive contributions from leading scholars in the field of international economic law. Covering a full range of topics, the Handbook provides an accessible treatment of the law in each area, as well as a thoughtful synthesis and discussion of related public policy issues from a broadly social science perspective. The book includes extensive coverage of international trade issues, which are generally considered to be the core of international economic law, and focuses on such topics as barriers to trade, dispute settlement, trade and services, regionalism and remedies. It also goes significantly beyond these to look at related areas of the discipline; international investment, including discussion of regulatory issues and private rights of action; intellectual property issues relating to trade; commercial law; legal and economic aspects of international tax and international finance; the closely related areas of trade and international competition policy; international environmental law; and international telecommunications. Providing in many cases a unique interdisciplinary blend of analysis, the Handbook offers a cutting edge approach to international economic law, and an authoritative source of reference for scholars, graduate students and policymakers.

The Dispute Settlement Reports of the World Trade Organization (WTO) include Panel and Appellate Body reports, as well as arbitration awards, in disputes concerning the rights and obligations of WTO members under the provisions of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization. These are the WTO authorized and paginated reports in English. An essential addition to the library of all practising and academic trade lawyers and needed by students worldwide taking courses in international economic or trade law. DSR 2011: V and VI report on United States - Definitive Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Duties on Certain Products from China (WT/DS379).

This concise and practical guide to the most important economic techniques and evidence employed in modern merger control draws on the authors' extensive experience in advising on European merger cases. It offers an introduction to the relevant economic concepts and analytical tools, and stand-alone chapters provide an in-depth overview of the theoretical and practical issues related to market definition, unilateral effects, coordinated effects and non-horizontal mergers. Each form of economic evidence and analysis is illustrated with practical examples and an overview of key merger decisions.

Black and gray markets for body parts are illegal, but also pioneering and inventive. Although this type of criminal activity requires dexterity and innovation, these markets thrive and flourish, sometimes in view of law. On the other hand, altruistic procurement is mired by low participation, which encourages black market transactions. Thousands of patients die each year waiting for an organ or bone marrow donation through the altruistic procurement system, so some turn to the dark side. This book offers a frank discussion of altruism in the global body market. It exposes how researchers exploit their patients' ignorance to harvest tissue samples, blood, and other biologics without consent, chronicles exploitation in the name of altruism, including the non-consensual use of children in dangerous clinical trials, and analyzes social and legal commitments to the value of altruism - offering an important critique of the vulnerability of altruism to corruption, coercion, pressure, and other negative externalities.

Part one of Vol. 2 (2011) of the European Yearbook of International Economic Law adresses two major topics of current academic debate and public interest: firstly, it focuses on the State and the Global Economy, secondly, on Climate Change and International Economic Law. Part two contains treatises of recent regional integration developments taking place in the major regions of the world. Part three covers the legal and political developments in the major international organizations and fora dealing with international economic policy making. Part four contains book reviews of recent works in the field of International Economic Law.

For centuries, international trade has been seen as essential to the wealth and power of nations. More recently we have started to understand its problematic role as an engine of distributive justice. In this compelling book Frank J. Garcia proposes a new way to evaluate, construct and manage international trade - one that is based on norms of economic justice, comparative advantage and national interest. Garcia examines three ways to conceptualize the problem of trade and global justice, drawn from Rawlsian liberalism, communitarianism and consent theory. These approaches illustrate specific issues of importance to the way global justice has been theorized, offering a pluralistic mode of arguing for global justice and highlighting the unique modes of discourse we employ when engaging with global justice and their implications for conceptualizing and arguing the problem. Garcia suggests a new direction for trade agreements built around truly consensual trade negotiations and the kind of international economic system they would structure.

Die Arbeit untersucht das Spannungsverhaltnis zwischen Vertragstreue und Umstandsanderung im aktuellen Voelkerrecht. Hierzu werden zunachst die Rechtsinstitute des allgemeinen Voelkervertragsrechts, grundlegende Umstandsanderung, nachtragliche Unmoeglichkeit der Erfullung und Obsoleszenz dargestellt, die ein Abrucken von Vertragspflichten durch eine Vertragspartei unter dem Eindruck der nachtraglichen AEnderung der Umstande ermoeglichen. Im Folgenden wird eroertert, inwiefern die Rechtswidrigkeitsausschlussgrunde des Rechts der Staatenverantwortlichkeit - Notstand und hoehere Gewalt - das Instrumentarium des allgemeinen Voelkerrechts als Grenzen der Vertragstreue erweitern. Schliesslich wird der Umgang mit Umstandsanderungen in ausgewahlten Vertragsregimen - Menschenrechten, Seerecht, GATT/WTO-Regime und Investitionsrecht - analysiert und gefragt, inwiefern die Grenzen der Vertragstreue in den spezifischen Regimen differenzierter gezogen werden und wie das Verhaltnis zwischen den Vertragsbestimmungen und den Rechtsinstituten des allgemeinen Voelkerrechts zu loesen ist.

The first volume of the new Yearbook tries to catch the broadness of contemporary International Economic Law. In part I, it brings together articles on a variety of subjects, reaching from exchange rate manipulation and financial market supervision over international investment law including the growing investment protectionism to recent developments of the external economic constitution of the European Union and the relationship between climate change and International Economic Law. Part II covers the major regional economic integration developments around the globe, analysed in different articles covering the different regions. Part III informs about recent activities in some of the major global economic institutions.